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Roles and mechanisms of exosomal non-coding RNAs in human health and diseases

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第12期6卷 3435-3465页

作者： Chen Li Yu-Qing Ni Hui Xu Qun-Yan Xiang Yan Zhao Jun-Kun Zhan Jie-Yu He Shuang Li You-Shuo Liu Department of Geriatrics The Second Xiangya HospitalCentral South UniversityChangshaHunan 410011China Institute of Aging and Age-related Disease Research Central South UniversityChangshaHunan 410011China

Exosomes play a role as mediators of cell-to-cell communication,thus exhibiting pleiotropic activities to homeostasis regulation.Exosomal non-coding RNAs(ncRNAs),mainly microRNAs(miRNAs),long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs),and circular RNAs(circRNAs),are closely related to a variety of biological and functional aspects of human health.When the exosomal ncRNAs undergo tissuespecific changes due to diverse internal or external disorders,they can cause tissue dysfunction,aging,and diseases.In this review,we comprehensively discuss the underlying regulatory mechanisms of exosomes in human diseases.In addition,we explore the current knowledge on the roles of exosomal miRNAs,lncRNAs,and circRNAs in human health and diseases,including cancers,metabolic diseases,neurodegenerative diseases,cardiovascular diseases,autoimmune diseases,and infectious diseases,to determine their potential implication in biomarker identification and therapeutic exploration.

关键词： diseases somal homeostasis

Exosomal microRNA in autoimmunity

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Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2019年第12期16卷 932-934页

作者： Weijia Duan Weici Zhang Jidong Jia Qianjin Lu M.Eric Gershwin Beijing Key Laboratory of Translational Medicine on Cirrhosis Liver Research CenterNational Clinical Research Center for Digestive DiseasesBeijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical University100050 BeijingChina Division of Rheumatology Allergy and Clinical ImmunologyUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA Department of Dermatology Second Xiangya HospitalHunan Key Laboratory of Medical EpigenomicsCentral South UniversityChangsha 410011 HunanChina

Exosomes are small extracellular vesicles that contain a potpourri of nucleic acids,including microRNAs(miRNAs).Importantly,exosomes and these miRNAs are actively secreted from multiple cell populations and play a critical role in intercellular communication.The exosomal miRNA profile reflects the cellular pathophysiological status and modulates multiple biological processes.Accumulating evidence indicates that exosomes and miRNAs are biomarkers for disease diagnosis and may have therapeutic targets.Research studies on exosomal miRNAs have brought new insights into understanding autoimmune diseases.This article summarizes the detection methodologies and updates the potential applications of exosomal miRNAs in autoimmune diseases.

关键词： somal diagnosis autoimmune

Missing for partnership: understanding nucleosomal de novo DNA cytosine methylation by a spliced DNMT3 complex

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Signal Transduction and Targeted Therapy 2021年第2期6卷 209-210页

作者： Min Zhang Haitao Li MOE Key Laboratory of Protein Sciences Beijing Advanced Innovation Center for Structural BiologyTsinghua-Peking Center for Life SciencesSchool of MedicineTsinghua UniversityBeijingChina

In a recent paper published in Nature,Xu et al.present a cryo-EM structure of a,spliced,de novo DNA methyltransferase complex,DNMT3A2-DNMT3B3,bound to a mono-nucleosome with extended linker DNA.1 Reinforced by biochemical assays and genomic studies,this structure reveals the molecular mechanism underlying de novo cytosine methylation on nucleosomal substrate.Notably,the catalytically inactive DNMT3B3 occupies the nucleosome core and orients the active DNMT3A2 to target the linker DNA as its substrate,suggesting the necessity of chromosomal remodeler in the deposition of DNA methylation on nucleosomes.

关键词： al. somal chromosomal

COMPARATIVE STUDIES ON SISTER CHROMATID EXCHANGES INDUCED BY MITOMYCIN C IN HUMAN AND RABBIT LEUKOCYTES

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Chinese Science Bulletin 1981年第4期26卷 357-360页

作者：崔梅影汤火顺徐玖瑾周宪庭 Institute of Genetics Academia Sinica

In recent years, cytogenetic studies show that sister chromatid exchanges (SCE) during mitosis in higher organisms are the exchanges between DNA double-strands, and the frequencies of exchanges may be enhanced when ce... 详细信息

关键词： exchanges sister exogenous DNA rabbit dosage somal ultraviolet chromosome beginning

MODIFICATION OF THE CLASTOGENICITY OF HEAVY METALS THROUGH INTERACTION WITH Ca AS SHOWN BY MOUSE BONE MARROW TEST

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癌变．畸变．突变 1991年第S1期3卷 20-20页

作者： Asis Kumar Chosh Debisree Sarkar and Archana Sharma Genetic Toxicology UnitCentre of Advanced Study in Cell and Chromosome ResearchDepartment of BotanyUniv.of Calcutta35 Ballygunge Circular RoadCalcutta-700 019India

Interaction between an essential element calcium andtwo heavy metals (Cr and Hg) was observed in micebone marrow cells in vivo.Mercuric chloride andcalcium chloride (1:1 ratio) were administered orallyto laboratory br... 详细信息

关键词： Swiss preparations exposure somal