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Fertility control of Rattus nitidus using quinestrol:effects on reproductive organs and social behavior

Integrative Zoology 2013年第1期8卷 9-17页

作者： Quansheng LIU Jiao QIN Qin CHEN Deng WANG Dazhao SHI Guangdong Entomological Institute GuangzhouChina College of Agronomy and Biotechnology China Agricultural UniversityBeijingChina Guangdong Provincial Public Laboratory on Wild Animal Conservation and Management GuangzhouChina

Fertility control has been identified by studies in the laboratory and the field as a more appropriate and long-term control strategy for rodent pests than lethal control.In this study,we investigated the effects of quinestrol on mass of reproductive organs and on social behaviors in female and male Himalayan field rats(Rattus nitidus).A total of 16 adult females and 16 adult males were randomly assigned to 4 groups.One male and one female group were fed rice with 0.005%quinestrol by weight for 7 days,and another 2 groups were fed rice only.After 7 days,rats were assigned to 10 min dyadic encounters between groups,and investigation,aggression,defense and attack latency were quantified.All animals were killed on day 10,and reproductive organs were dissected and weighed.Dyadic encounter data showed that there were obvious changes in social behaviors of quinestrol-treated rats.Quinestrol significantly inhibited the investigative behavior of quinestrol-treated males toward control females in Rattus nitidus,but seldom affected investigation between control males and quinestrol-treated females.Aggression of control females toward quinestrol-treated males was higher than that of quinestrol-treated females,and defense of quinestrol-treated males toward control females was more remarkable than that of control males.Quinestrol remarkably decreased wet masses of epididymis and spermotophore in males and ovaries in females,but had no effect on wet masses of testes and uteri after quinestrol treatment.These results indicate that the anti-fertility effects of quinestrol on R.nitidus are attributed to not only suppressing reproductive organs but also impacting social behaviors associated with territory defense and mate choice.

关键词： fertility control quinestrol Rattus nitidus rodent pest social behavior

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A Study on the“social behavior”of Zen Poetry Culture:A Case Study of the Sui and Tang Dynasties

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Cultural and Religious Studies 2023年第4期11卷 187-190页

作者： ZHANG Pei REN Siying Beijing Institute of Graphic Communication BeijingChina

During the Sui and Tang dynasties,Buddhism and Zen poetry underwent great development.Zen poetry is diverse in form,strong in personality,and high in achievement.Among the types of Zen poetry are poems,lyrics,and prose,some of which have social attributes closely related to the development of Chinese Buddhism.An analysis reveals that the viewpoints and information conveyed in these poems,lyrics,and prose are positively correlated with the attitudes of the emperors towards Buddhism.When the attitude of the emperor towards Buddhism reached its peak of positivity during the Tang dynasty,there was a change towards a negative correlation with the viewpoints expressed in poetry.

关键词： Zen poetry social behavior the Sui and Tang Dynasties

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Abnormal social behavior in Mice Co-exposed to BPA and Pb

Abnormal Social Behavior in Mice Co-exposed to BPA and Pb

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中国畜牧兽医学会家畜内科学分会第七届代表大会暨学术研讨...

作者： Luo Guang-ying,Niu Rui-yan,Wang Chong,Lu Zhao-jing,Wang Jun-dong (Shanxi Key Laboratory of Ecological Animal Science and Environmental Medicine,Shanxi Agricultural University,Taigu,Shanxi,030801,PR of China)

Alerted sociability is the core feature of a variety of human neurological disorders such as autism. Autism is a neurodevelopmental disorder characterized by impaired communication,repetitive behaviors and aberrant reciprocal social interactions.While the etiology remains unclear,strong evidence exists for environmental risk factors,and environmental toxins have been implicated.Bisphenol A(BPA) and Lead(Pb), informed neurotoxciants.are widely used in industry and daily life.BPA and Pb combined exposure models have been established in this study.To understand the relationship between combined exposure of BPA and Pb and the diagnostic and associated symptoms of autism,behavioral phenotyping of mouse exposed to BPA and Pb was conducted by investigating general health factors including physical abilities,social interactions.Results from our behavioral phenotyping battery indiaed that treated mouse were similar to the control on standardized measures of general health.Remarkably,sex-specific sociability decreased in male mice co-exposed to BPA and Pb.Our finding supported the interpretation that BPA and Pb combined exposure could be the risk factor for autism.

关键词： social behavior BPA Pb sex-specific

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social networks of reintroduced Przewalski's horses in the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area (Mongolia)

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Current Zoology 2024年第2期70卷 182-194页

作者： Anna Bernatkova Ganbaatar Oyunsaikhan Jaroslav Simek Martina Komarkova Francisco Ceacero Faculty of Tropical AgriSciences Czech University of Life Sciences PragueCzech Republic Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area Takhin TalMongolia Zoo Praha U Trojského zamku 120/3PragueCzech Republic

Analyzing social networks is a powerful tool for understanding the ecology of social species.While most studies focus on the role of each group member,few compare groups with different characteristics.The current population of Przewalski's horses Equus ferus przewalskii at the Great Gobi B Strictly Protected Area(Mongolia)includes groups of wild-born and captive-bred individuals with different experiences with the area(acclimatizing,long-term reintroduced,and wild-born),therefore serving as an ideal natural behavioral lab.We filmed 11 groups for 141.5 hours in summer 2018(July),late spring 2019(May,June),and autumn 2019(September,October).Affiliative and agonistic interactions were recorded,and social networks were created.We tested the influence of origin,experience,season,sex,age,relative time belonging to the group,relat-edness,and dominance rank on different network indices at the individual and group levels.We found that groups with greater experience in the area are generally better connected than members of the newly formed groups.However,these strong networks were created by wild-born individuals with very low interaction rates.On the contrary,inexperienced groups composed of captive-bred individuals displayed many inter actions but created weak social networks.The results show a trend of behavioral transition from acclimatizing through long-term reintroduced to wild-born groups,supporting that the newly formed groups of released Przewalski's horses need time to display the typical social behavior patterns of wild-born individuals.Long-term monitoring of released Przewalski's horses is recommended to promote the success of this reintroduction program.

关键词： Przewalski's horses reintroduction social behavior soft-release.

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Neural circuit control of innate behaviors

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2022年第3期65卷 466-499页

作者： Wei Xiao Zhuo-Lei Jiao Esra Senol Jiwei Yao Miao Zhao Zheng-Dong Zhao Xiaowei Chen Peng Cao Yu Fu Zhihua Gao Wei L Shen Xiao-Hong Xu Department of Neurobiology and Department of Neurology of Second Affiliated Hospital NHC and CAMS Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyZhejiang University School of Brain Science and Brain MedicineHangzhou 310058China Institute of Neuroscience State Key Laboratory of NeuroscienceCAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence TechnologyShanghai Center for Brain Science and Brain-Inspired Intelligence TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China Institute of Molecular and Cell Biology Agency for ScienceTechnology and Research(A*STAR)Singapore 138667Singapore Center for Neurointelligence School of MedicineChongqing UniversityChongqing 400030China National Institute of Biological Sciences Tsinghua Institute of Multidisciplinary Biomedical ResearchTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Boston Children’s Hospital Harvard Medical SchoolBoston02115USA Brain Research Center and State Key Laboratory of Trauma Burnsand Combined InjuryThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China CAS Center for Excellence in Brain Science and Intelligence Technology Shanghai Institutes for Biological SciencesChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200031China School of Life Science and Technology ShanghaiTech UniversityShanghai 201210China

All animals possess a plethora of innate behaviors that do not require extensive learning and are fundamental for their survival and propagation.With the advent of newly-developed techniques such as viral tracing and optogenetic and chemogenetic tools,recent studies are gradually unraveling neural circuits underlying different innate behaviors.Here,we summarize current development in our understanding of the neural circuits controlling predation,feeding,male-typical mating,and urination,highlighting the role of genetically defined neurons and their connections in sensory triggering,sensory to motor/motivation transformation,motor/motivation encoding during these different behaviors.Along the way,we discuss possible mechanisms underlying binge-eating disorder and the pro-social effects of the neuropeptide oxytocin,elucidating the clinical relevance of studying neural circuits underlying essential innate functions.Finally,we discuss some exciting brain structures recurrently appearing in the regulation of different behaviors,which suggests both divergence and convergence in the neural encoding of specific innate behaviors.Going forward,we emphasize the importance of multi-angle and cross-species dissections in delineating neural circuits that control innate behaviors.

关键词： innate behavior neural circuit feeding social behavior urination

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Matrilinear hierarchy in the American black bear (Ursus americanus)

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Integrative Zoology 2022年第1期17卷 139-155页

作者： Benjamin KILHAM James R.SPOTILA Kilham Bear Center LymeNew HampshireUSA Department of Biodiversity Earth and Environmental ScienceDrexel UniversityPhiladelphiaPennsylvaniaUSA

The American black bear(Ursus americanus)was long thought to be solitary and its social organization has not been well described.Here,we present new data on black bear social structure.The objectives of the study were to make detailed observations of the behavior of wild black bears to determine their social interactions and structure.We tested whether black bears interacted socially beyond mating and competing for resources,if black bears tracked relationships and interacted regularly even when resources were not limited,and whether the social structure of a population of black bears was based on a matrilinear hierarchy.We collected data by direct observation of bears from 1993 to 2014.Observations of 1210 social interactions at a provisioning site indicated that females compete and form matrilinear hierarchies.Dominant bears established a hierarchy for food,control of space,and control of younger bears.Post interaction scent marking took place,which suggested that dominant females were conditioning subordinates to their scent marks.Affiliative behavior occurred between related and unrelated bears and helped to establish the social structure of the bear community.Based on our data,human–bear conflicts can be reduced by behavioral modifications by humans when they encounter bears.Knowledge of bear behavior and the matrilinear hierarchy provide a basis for non-lethal management of bears that find themselves in a bear–human conflict situation.

关键词： bear matrilinear hierarchy New Hampshire rank social behavior Ursus

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Inhalation of Cananga odorata essential oil relieves anxiety behaviors in autism-like rats via regulation of serotonin and dopamine metabolism

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第2期21卷 205-214页

作者： Nan Zhang Shu-ting Wang Lei Yao School of Design Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200000China School of Agriculture and Biology Shanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai 200000China

Objective:Anxiety is one of the most common symptoms associated with autistic spectrum disorder.The essential oil of Cananga odorata(Lam.)Hook.f.&Thomson,usually known as ylang-ylang oil(YYO),is often used in aromatherapy as a mood-regulating agent,sedative,or hypotensive agent.In the present study,the effects and mechanisms of YYO in alleviating anxiety,social and cognitive behaviors in autism-like rats were investigated.Methods:The prenatal valproic acid(VPA)model was used to induce autism-like behaviors in offspring rats.The effectiveness of prenatal sodium valproate treatment(600 mg/kg)on offspring was shown by postnatal growth observation,and negative geotaxis,olfactory discrimination and Morris water maze(MWM)tests.Then three treatment groups were formed with varying exposure to atomized YYO to explore the effects of YYO on the anxiety,social and cognitive behaviors of the autistic-like offspring through the elevated plus-maze test,three-chamber social test,and MWM test.Finally,the monoamine neurotransmitters,including serotonin,dopamine and their metabolites,in the hippocampus and prefrontal cortex(PFC)of the rats were measured using a high-performance liquid chromatography.Results:Offspring of VPA exposure rats showed autism-like behaviors.In the VPA offspring,mediumdose YYO exposure significantly elevated the time and entries into the open arms in the elevated plusmaze test,while low-dose YYO exposure significantly enhanced the social interaction time with the stranger rat in session 1 of the three-chamber social test.VPA offspring treated with YYO exposure used less time to reach the platform in the navigation test of the MWM test.YYO exposure significantly elevated the metabolism of serotonin and dopamine in the PFC of VPA offspring.Conclusion:YYO exposure showed the effects in alleviating anxiety and improving cognitive and social abilities in the offspring of VPA exposure rats.The role of YYO was related to the regulation of the metabolism of serotonin and dopamine.

关键词： Cananga odorata essential oil autism-like rat anxiety social behavior monoamine neurotransmitter

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social behavior OF THE STEPPE-DWELLING BLACK-LIPPED PIKA(OCHOTONA CURZONIAE)

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兽类学报 1986年第1期 13-32页

作者： Andrew T.Smith Harriet J.Smith Department of Zoology Department of Psychology USA Arizona State University Tempe Arizona 85287

INTRODUCTION Our understanding of the evolution of behavior heightened by compa-ring related and morphologically similar species that live in contrastingenvironments.Here we present the first detailed data of the social behaviorof the black-lipped pika(Ochotona curzoniae)of the Qinghai-Xizang(Tibet)Plateau,and then conmpare this species’ social behavior with the behavior

关键词： behavioral ecology Black-lipped pika (Ochotona curzoniae) North American pika (O.princeps) Qinghai-Xizang Plateau social behavior Vocal behavior.

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Genomic analysis of Tibetan ground tits identifies molecular adaptations associated with cooperative breeding

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Current Zoology 2023年第5期69卷 620-630页

作者： Yi Wang Chen Wang Wei Hong Shilin Tian Qin Lu Bing-Jun Wang Huaiming Jin Nima Zhuoma Xin Lu Huabin Zhao Department of Ecology Tibetan Centre for Ecology and Conservation at Wuhan University—Tibet UniversityHubei Key Laboratory of Cell HomeostasisCollege of Life SciencesWuhan UniversityWuhan 430072China Research Center for Ecology College of ScienceTibet UniversityLhasa 850000China

Cooperative breeding is a sophisticated altruistic social behavior that helps social animals to adapt to harsh environments.The Tibetan ground tit,Pseudopodoces humilis,is a high-altitude bird endemic to the Tibetan plateau.Recently,it has become an exciting system for studying the evolution of facultative cooperative breeding.To test for molecular adaptations associated with cooperative breeding,we resequenced the whole genome of ground tits from 6 wild populations that display remarkable variation in the frequency of cooperative breeding.Population structure analyses showed that the 6 populations were divided into 4 lineages,which is congruent with the major geographical distribution of the sampling sites.Using genome-wide selective sweep analysis,we identified putative positively selected genes(PSGs)in groups of tits that displayed high and low cooperative breeding rates.The total number of PSGs varied from 146 to 722 in high cooperative breeding rate populations,and from 272 to 752 in low cooperative breeding rate populations.Functional enrichment analysis of these PSGs identified several significantly enriched ontologies related to oxytocin signaling,estrogen signaling,and insulin secretion.PSGs involved in these functional ontologies suggest that molecular adaptations in hormonal regulation may have played important roles in shaping the evolution of cooperative breeding in the ground tit.Taken together,our study provides candidate genes and functional ontologies involved in molecular adaptations associated with cooperative breeding in Tibetan ground tits,and calls for a better understanding of the genetic roles in the evolution of cooperative breeding.

关键词： cooperative breeding ground tit population genomics social behavior

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Projections of the transmission of the Omicron variant for Toronto,Ontario,and Canada using surveillance data following recent changes in testing policies

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Infectious Disease Modelling 2022年第2期7卷 83-93页

作者： Pei Yuan Elena Aruffo Yi Tan Liu Yang Nicholas HOgden Aamir Fazil Huaiping Zhu Laboratory of Mathematical Parallel Systems(LAMPS) Centre for Diseases ModellingDepartment of Mathematics and StatisticsYork UniversityTorontoONCanada Public Health Agency of Canada(PHAC) OttawaONCanada

At the end of 2021,with the rapid escalation of COVID19 cases due to the Omicron variant,testing centers in Canada were overwhelmed.To alleviate the pressure on the PCR testing capacity,many provinces implemented new strategies that promote self testing and adjust the eligibility for PCR tests,making the count of new cases underreported.We designed a novel compartmental model which captures the new testing guidelines,social behaviours,booster vaccines campaign and features of the newest variant Omicron.To better describe the testing eligibility,we considered the population divided into high risk and non-highrisk settings.The model is calibrated using data from January 1 to February 9,2022,on cases and severe outcomes in Canada,the province of Ontario and City of Toronto.We conduct analyses on the impact of PCR testing capacity,self testing,different levels of reopening and vaccination coverage on cases and severe outcomes.Our results show that the total number of cases in Canada,Ontario and Toronto are 2.34(95%CI:1.22e3.38),2.20(95%CI:1.15e3.72),and 1.97(95%CI:1.13e3.41),times larger than reported cases,respectively.The current testing strategy is efficient if partial restrictions,such as limited capacity in public spaces,are implemented.Allowing more people to have access to PCR reduces the daily cases and severe outcomes;however,if PCR test capacity is insufficient,then it is important to promote self testing.Also,we found that reopening to a pre-pandemic level will lead to a resurgence of the infections,peaking in late March or April 2022.Vaccination and adherence to isolation protocols are important supports to the testing policies to mitigate any possible spread of the virus.

关键词： PCR testing Self-testing Booster dose social behavior Mathematical model COVID-19 Omicron Exit strategy

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