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The involvement of p38 MAPK in transforming growth factor β1-induced apoptosis in murine hepatocytes

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Cell Research 2001年第2期11卷 89-94页

作者： LIAO JIN HUI, JUN SONG CHEN, MIN QIANG CHAI, SHENG ZHAO, JIAN GUO SONG State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology, Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology, Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences, Chinese Academy of Sciences, 320 Yue Yang Road, Shan State Key Laboratory of Molecular Biology Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai China

We reported in this manuscript that TGF-β1 induces apoptosis in AML12 murine hepatocytes, which is associated with the activation of p38 MAPK signaling pathway. SB202190, a specific inhibitor of p38 MAPK, strongly inhibited the TGF-β1-induced apoptosis and PAI-1 promoter activity. Treatment of cells with TGF-β1 activates p38. Furthermore, over-expression of dominant negative mutant p38 also reduced the TGF-β1-induced apoptosis. The data indicate that the activation of p38 is involved in TGF-β1-mediated gene expression and apoptosis.

关键词： Transforming growth factor β apoptosis p38 hepatocyte signal transduction.

OsDMI3 Is a Novel Component of Abscisic Acid signaling in the Induction of Antioxidant Defense in Leaves of Rice

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Molecular Plant 2012年第6期5卷 1359-1374页

作者： Ben Shi Lan Ni Aying Zhang Jianmei Cao Hong Zhang Tingting Qin Mingpu Tan Jianhua Zhang Mingyi-Jiang College of Life Sciences Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetics and Germplasm Enhancement Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095China Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist UniversityHong KongChina

Ca^2＋ and calmodulin （CAM） have been shown to play an important role in abscisic acid （ABA）-induced anti- oxidant defense. However, it is unknown whether Ca^2＋/CaM-dependent protein kinase （CCaMK） is involved in the pro- cess. In the present study, the role of rice CCaMK, OsDMI3, in ABA-induced antioxidant defense was investigated in leaves of rice （Oryza sativa） plants. Treatments with ABA, H2O2, and polyethylene glycol （PEG） induced the expression of OsDMI3 and the activity of OsDMI3, and H2O2 is required for the ABA-induced increases in the expression and the activity of OsDMI3 under water stress. Subcellular localization analysis showed that OsDMI3 is located in the nucleus, the cytoplasm, and the plasma membrane. The analysis of the transient expression of OsDMI3 in rice protoplasts and the RNA interference （RNAi） silencing of OsDMI3 in rice protoplasts showed that OsDMI3 is required for ABA-induced increases in the expression and the activities of superoxide dismutase （SOD） and catalase （CAT）. Further, the oxidative damage induced by higher concentrations of PEG and H202 was aggravated in the mutant of OsDMI3. Moreover, the analysis of the RNAi silencing of OsDMI3 in protoplasts and the mutant of OsDMI3 showed that higher levels of H2O2 accumulation require OsDMI3 activation in ABA signaling, but the initial H2O2 production induced by ABA is not depend- ent on the activation of OsDMI3 in leaves of rice plants. Our data reveal that OsDMI3 is an important component in ABA-induced antioxidant defense in rice.

关键词： OsDMI3 abscisic acid antioxidant defense H202 oxidative stress signal transduction.

The Chloroplast Kinase Network： New Insights from Large-Scale Phosphoproteome Profiling

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Molecular Plant 2009年第6期2卷 1141-1153页

作者： Sacha Baginsky Wilhelm Gruissem Department of Biology ETH Zurich Universitatstrasse 2 8092 Zurich Switzerland

Protein phosphorylation is one of the most important posttranslational modifications in eukaryotic cells and affects almost all basic cellular processes. The chloroplast as plant-specific cell organelle with important metabolic functions is integrated into the cellular signaling and phosphorylation network. Recent large-scale chloroplast phosphoproteome analyses in Arabidopsis have provided new information about phosphorylation targets and expanded the list of chloroplast metabolic and regulatory functions that are potentially controlled by protein phosphorylation. Phosphorylated peptides identified from chloroplast proteins provide new insights into phosphorylation motifs, protein kinase activities, and substrate utilization. Phosphorylation sites in protein kinases can reveal chloroplast phosphorylation cascades that may network different functions by integrating signaling chains. Our review provides a meta-analysis of currently available chloroplast phosphoproteome information and discusses biological insights from large-scale chloroplast phosphoprotein profiling as well as technological constraints of kinase network analysis.

关键词： Photosynthesis protein phosphorylation/dephosphorylation proteomics signal transduction.

The Arabidopsis AP2/ERF Transcription Factor RAP2.11 Modulates Plant Response to Low-Potassium Conditions

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Molecular Plant 2012年第5期5卷 1042-1057页

作者： Min Jung Kim Daniel Ruzicka Ryoung Shin Daniel P. Schachtman Donald Danforth Plant Science Center St Louis MO 63132 USA RIKEN Plant Science Center Yokohama Kanagawa 230-0045 Japan Present address:Monsanto Company 700 Chesterfield Parkway Chesterfield MO 63017 USA

Plants respond to low-nutrient conditions through metabolic and morphology changes that increase their ability to survive and grow. The transcription factor RAP2.11 was identified as a component in the response to low potassium through regulation of the high-affinity K＋ uptake transporter AtHAK5 and other components of the low- potassium signal transduction.pathway. RAP2.11 was identified through the activation tagging of Arabidopsis lines that contained a luciferase marker driven by the AtHAK5 promoter that is normally only induced by low potassium. This factor bound to a GCC-box of the AtHAK5 promoter in vitro and in vivo. Transcript profiling revealed that a large number of genes were up-regulated in roots by RAP2.11 overexpression. Many regulated genes were identified to be in functional cate- gories that are important in Iow-K＋ signaling. These categories included ethylene signaling, reactive oxygen species pro- duction, and calcium signaling. Promoter regions of the up-regulated genes were enriched in the GCCGGC motif also contained in the AtHAK5 promoter. These results suggest that RAP2.11 regulates AtHAK5 expression under Iow-K＋ con- ditions and also contributes to a coordinated response to low-potassium conditions through the regulation of other genes in the Iow-K＋ signaling cascade.

关键词： potassium deprivation transport transcription factor nutrient sensing signal transduction.

Phosphate Starvation Responses and Gibberellic Acid Biosynthesis Are Regulated by the MYB62 Transcription Factor in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2009年第1期2卷 43-58页

作者： Ballachanda N. Devaiah Ramaiah Madhuvanthi Athikkattuvalasu S. Karthikeyan Kashchandra G. Raghothama Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Purdue University West Lafayette IN 47907-116S USA

The limited availability of phosphate （Pi） in most soils results in the manifestation of Pi starvation responses in plants. To dissect the transcriptional regulation of Pi stress-response mechanisms, we have characterized the biological role of MYB62, an R2R3-type MYB transcription factor that is induced in response to Pi deficiency. The induction of MYB62 is a specific response in the leaves during Pi deprivation. The MYB62 protein localizes to the nucleus. The overexpression of MYB62 resulted in altered root architecture, Pi uptake, and acid phosphatase activity, leading to decreased total Pi content in the shoots. The expression of several Pi starvation-induced （PSI） genes was also suppressed in the MYB62 overexpressing plants. Overexpression of MYB62 resulted in a characteristic gibberellic acid （GA）-deficient phenotype that could be partially reversed by exogenous application of GA. In addition, the expression of SOC1 and SUPERMAN, molecular reg- ulators of flowering, was suppressed in the MYB62 overexpressing plants. Interestingly, the expression of these genes was also reduced during Pi deprivation in wild-type plants, suggesting a role for GA biosynthetic and floral regulatory genes in Pi starvation responses. Thus, this study highlights the role of MYB62 in the regulation of phosphate starvation responses via changes in GA metabolism and signaling. Such cross-talk between Pi homeostasis and GA might have broader implications on flowering, root development and adaptive mechanisms during nutrient stress.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress nutrition signal transduction.

Nitric Oxide signaling in Plant Responses to Abiotic Stresses

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2008年第10期50卷 1238-1246页

作者： Weihua Qiao Liu-Min Fan Peking-Yale Joint Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and Agro-Biotechnology National Laboratory of Protein Engineering and Plant Genetic Engineering College of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing 100871 China

Nitric oxide （NO） plays important roles in diverse physiological processes in plants. NO can provoke both beneficial and harmful effects, which depend on the concentration and location of NO in plant cells. This review is focused on NO synthesis and the functions of NO in plant responses to abiotic environmental stresses. Abiotic stresses mostly induce NO production in plants. NO alleviates the harmfulness of reactive oxygen species, and reacts with other target molecules, and regulates the expression of stress responsive genes under various stress conditions.

关键词： abiotic stress H2O2 nitric oxide reactive oxygen species signal transduction.

Patterns and Timing in Expression of Early Auxin-Induced Genes Imply Involvement of Phospholipases A （pPLAs） in the Regulation of Auxin Responses

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Molecular Plant 2013年第5期6卷 1473-1486页

作者： Corinna Labusch Maria Shishova Yunus Effendi Maoyin Li Xuemin Wang Gunther RE. Scherera Leibniz Universit&t Hannover Institut for Zierpflanzenbau und Geh61zwissenschaften Abt. Molekulare Ertragsphysiologie Herrenhauser Str. 2 D-30419 Hannover Germany Department of Plant Physiology and Biochemistry State University of St. Petersburg Universitetskaya em. 7/9 St. Petersburg 199034 Russia Department of Biology University of Missouri St Louis MO 63121 USA Donald Danforth Plant Science Center St Louis MO 63132 USA

While it is known that patatin-related phospholipase A （pPLA） activity is rapidly activated within 3min by auxin, hardly anything is known about how this signal influences downstream responses like transcription of early auxin-induced genes or other physiological responses. We screened mutants with T-DNA insertions in members of the pPLA gene family for molecular and physiological phenotypes related to auxin. Only one in nine Arabidopsis thaliana ppla knockdown mutants displayed an obvious constitutive auxin-related phenotype. Compared to wild-type, ppla-IIlδ mutant seedlings had decreased main root lengths and increased lateral root numbers. We tested auxin-induced gene expression as a molecular readout for primary molecular auxin responses in nine ppla mutants and found delayed up- regulation of auxin-responsive gene exRression in all of themL Thirty minutes after auxin treatment, up-regulation of up to 40% of auxin-induced genes was delayed in mutant seedlings. We observed only a few cases with hypersensitive auxin-induced gene expression in ppla mutants. While, in three ppla mutants, which were investigated in detail, rapid up- regulation （as early as 10 min after auxin stimulus） of auxin-regulated genes was impaired, late transcriptional responses were wild-type-like. This regulatory or dynamic phenotype was consistently observed in different ppla mutants with delayed up-regulation that frequently affected the same genes. This defect was not affected by pPLA transcript levels which remained constant. This indicates aposttranslational mechanism as a functional link of pPLAs to auxin signaling. The need for a receptor triggering an auxin response without employing transcription regulation is discussed.

关键词： hormonal regulation hormone biology signal transduction.

Abscisic Acid signal off the STARTing Block

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Molecular Plant 2011年第4期4卷 562-580页

作者： Archana Joshi-Saha Christiane Valon Jeffrey Leung Institut des Sciences du Vegetal Centre National de la Recherche Scientifique UPR2355 1 Avenue de la Terrasse Bat. 23 91198 Gif-sur-Yvette France

The year 2009 marked a real turnaround in our understanding of the mode of abscisic acid （ABA） action. Nearly 25 years had elapsed since the first biochemical detection of ABA-binding proteins in the plasmalemma of Vicia guard cells was reported. This recent--and laudable--achievement is owed largely to the discovery of the soluble ABA receptors whose major interacting proteins happen to be some of the most well-established components of earliest steps in ABA signaling. These soluble receptors, with the double name of PYRABACTIN RESISTANCE （PYR） or REGULATORY COMPONENT OF ABA RECEPTOR （RCAR）, are a family of Arabidopsis proteins of about 150-200 amino acids that share a conserved START domain. The ABA signal transduction.circuitry under non-stress conditions is muted by the clade A protein phosphatases 2C （PP2C）（notably HAB1, ABI1, and ABI2）. During the initial steps of ABA signaling, the binding of the hormone to the receptor induces a conformational change in the latter that allows it to sequester the PP2Cs. This excludes them from the negative regulation of the downstream ABA-activated kinases （OST1/SnRK2.6/SRK2E, SnRK2.2, and SnRK2.3）, thus unleashing the pathway by freeing them to phosphorylate downstream targets that now include several b-ZIP transcription factors, ion channels （SLAC1, KAT1）, and a NADPH oxidase （AtrbohF）. The discovery of this family of soluble receptors and the rich insight already gained from structural studies of their complexes with different isoforms of ABA, PP2C, and the synthetic agonist pyrabactin lay the foundation towards rational design of chemical switches that can bolster drought hardiness in plants.

关键词： Abiotic/environmental stress hormone biology signal transduction.

The Calcineurin B-Like Calcium Sensors CBL1 and CBL9 Together with Their Interacting Protein Kinase ClPK26 Regulate the Arabidopsis NADPH Oxidase RBOHF

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Molecular Plant 2013年第2期6卷 559-569页

作者： Maria Magdalena Drerup Kathrin Schlückinga Kenji Hashimoto Prabha Manishankar Leonie Steinhorst Kazuyuki Kuchitsu Jōrg Kudl Institut for Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen Universitāt Münster Schlossplatz 4 48149 MOnster Germany Department of Applied Biological Science Tokyo University of Science Noda Chiba 278-8510 Japan

Stimulus-specific accumulation of second messengers like reactive oxygen species （ROS） and Ca^＋ are central to many signaling and regulation processes in plants. However, mechanisms that govern the reciprocal interrelation of Ca^＋ and ROS signaling are only beginning to emerge. NADPH oxidases of the respiratory burst oxidase homolog （RBOH） family are critical components contributing to the generation of ROS while Calcineurin B-like （CBL） Ca^＋ sensor proteins together with their interacting kinases （CIPKs） have been shown to function in many Ca^＋- signaling processes. In this study, we identify direct functional interactions between both signaling systems. We report that the CBL-interacting pro- tein kinase ClPK26 specifically interacts with the N-terminal domain of RBOHF in yeast two-hybrid analyses and with the full-length RBOHF protein in plant cells. In addition, CIPK26 phosphorylates RBOHF in vitro and co-expression of either CBL1 or CBL9 with CIPK26 strongly enhances ROS production by RBOHF in HEK293T cells. Together, these findings identify a direct interconnection between CBL-ClPK-mediated Ca^＋ signaling and ROS signaling in plants and provide evidence for a synergistic activation of the NADPH oxidase RBOHF by direct Ca^＋-binding to its EF-hands and Ca2＋-induced phospho-rylation by CBL1/9-ClPK26 complexes.

关键词： Calcium ROS CBL CIPK NADPH oxidase RBOH signal transduction.