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runoff projections of the Qinling Mountains and their impact on water demand of Guanzhong region in Northwest China

Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第8期19卷 2272-2285页

作者： ZHANG Zhao-peng DUAN Ke-qin LIU Huan-cai MENG Ya-li CHEN Rong LI Da-wei LI Shuang-shuang School of Geographical Sciences and Tourism Shaanxi Normal UniversityXi'an 710062China School of Geographical Sciences Shanxi Normal UniversityLinfen 041081China

The Qinling Mountains are the main source of water supply to the Weihe River and Hanjiang River,but systematic studies on runoff changes in this region are *** study simulated the annual runoff in the Qinling Mountains from 1970 to 2015 using the Variable Infiltration Capacity(VIC)hydrological model and projected runoff changes from 2015 to 2100 under different Shared Socio-economic Pathways(SSPs).Moreover,the water demand in the north and south of the Qinling Mountains from 2019 to 2100 was analyzed by constructing a system dynamic *** results show that the mean annual runoff in the southern and northern slopes of the Qinling Mountains from 1970 to 2015 were 21.5×10^(9) and 3.52×10^(9) m^(3),*** the SSP1-2.6,SSP2-4.5,SSP3-7.0,and SSP5-8.5 scenarios from 2015 to 2100,the mean annual runoff in the southern(northern)slope will increase by 2.9(1.5),2.0(1.4),2.7(1.6),and-2.1(0.4)×10^(9) m^(3),*** mean annual water consumption in the northern foothills of the Qinling Mountains for Baoji,Xi’an,and Weinan cities is projected to increase from 4.1×10^(9) m^(3) in 2015 to 7.6×10^(9) m^(3) in 2100,while that in the southern foothills for Hanzhong,Ankang,and Shangluo cites is projected to increase from 2.7×10^(9) m^(3) in 2015 to 4.8×10^(9) m^(3) in ***,runoff in the southern slope is much larger than the water demand in the southern *** increase of runoff in the northern slope cannot satisfy the water demand in the northern ***,the South-to-North Water Transfer project is proposed for meeting the water demand in the northern *** the premise of ensuring downstream water demand,approximately 10.5×10^(9) m^(3) of water resources can be transferred from the southern slope to the Weihe River and the Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei-Henan regions under SSP1-2.6,but only 3.9×10^(9) m^(3) can be transferred under SSP5-8.5.

关键词： Qinling Mountains Climate change runoff Hydrological model CMIP6 System Dynamics

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runoff and sediment yield in relation to precipitation,temperature and glaciers on the Tibetan Plateau

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第2期10卷 197-207页

作者： Fan Zhang Chen Zeng Guanxing Wang Li Wang Xiaonan Shi Key Laboratory of Tibetan Environment Changes and Land Surface Processes Institute of Tibetan Plateau ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100101China CAS Center for Excellence in Tibetan Plateau Earth Sciences Beijing100101China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100101China

The riverine sediment is an essential carrier for nutrients and pollutants delivery and is considered as an important indicator of land degradation and environmental *** growing interest in envi-ronmental changes over the Tibetan Plateau,this study investigated mean annual runoff and sediment yield from eight headwater catchments in relation to annual precipitation,air temperature,and glacier area ratio,*** show that runoff(Q)is positively correlated with both precipitation(P)and temperature(T),i.e.,Q¼0.357Pþ20.3T-6.4,indicating combined water supply from rainfall and melt-water,increase of which may exceed the evapotranspiration water loss caused by temperature *** yield(S)shows an inverted parabolic relationship with precipitation and at the same time positive correlation with glacier area ratio(Ag),i.e.,S¼0.000609 P2-0.470Pþ48.5 Agþ202.53,indicating that sediment yield is a minimum at about 500e600 mm of precipitation,increasing sharply on both sides of this minimum in one case owing to decreased vegetation protection and in the other to enhanced erosive power and that erosion rate in the glacierized area is generally higher than non-glacierized *** variation in sediment yield with precipitation can be explained by the operation of two factors,i.e.,rainfall erosive action that increases continuously with increase in precipitation,and vegetation protective action that is unity for zero precipitation and decreases with increases in *** above results may be useful in visualizing not only variations in rates of erosion among climatic zones on the Tibetan Plateau but also the probable changes of erosion during a climatic change.

关键词： Alpine catchment Climate condition Glacier erosion runoff Sediment yield

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runoff and soil loss responses of cultivated land managed with graded soil bunds of different ages in the Upper Blue Nile basin,Ethiopia

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Ecological Processes 2020年第1期9卷 789-806页

作者： Mengie Belayneh Teshome Yirgu Dereje Tsegaye Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Arba Minch UniversityP.O.Box 21Arba MinchEthiopia Department of Geography and Environmental Studies Mettu UniversityP.O.Box 318MettuEthiopia Department of Plant Science College of Agricultural SciencesArba Minch UniversityP.O.Box 21Arba MinchEthiopia

Background:In view of a wide range of on-site and off-site impacts of soil erosion,different soil and water conservation measures have been implemented mainly over the last two decades in the Gumara watershed and Ethiopia at *** their effects have not been sufficiently documented,and maintenance of structures received very little *** study investigated the effectiveness of graded soil bunds of zero and 11 years of age in reducing runoff and soil *** hydrologically isolated experimental runoff plots(three treatments×two replicates)were prepared to observe rainfall,runoff,and sediment concentrations in the 2019 summer rainfall season(covering approximately 70%of the annual rainfall).Results:Newly constructed soil bunds reduced runoff by 34.94 and 25.56%compared to the old and non-treated counterparts,***,59.6 and 48.3%soil loss reductions were *** amount of soil loss in non-treated plots was twice that from the new plots and even 1.6 times higher than that from the old-graded soil bund *** rate of soil loss in the new-and old-graded soil bund-treated and non-treated plots was 23.5,45.6,and 58.1 t ha^(-1) year^(-1),***,the effectiveness of the old soil bunds was much lower(only^(-1)2.6 and−21.7%in runoff and soil loss,respectively)than its new *** soil bunds,in its new form,reduced runoff,runoff coefficient,and soil loss significantly(Prunoff and runoff coefficient showed an increase,but sediment concentration *** constructed soil bund is the most effective in reducing runoff and soil ***:Graded soil bunds reduced runoff and soil loss significantly,but the rate even in the treated plots was very high when compared to both the soil loss tolerance(1-6 t ha^(-1) year^(-1))and formation rate(10-14 t ha^(-1) year^(-1))estimated for the ***,these structures need to be suppo

关键词： Erosion plots runoff runoff coefficient Sediment concentration Soil loss

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runoff and nutrient losses in alfalfa(Medicago sativa L)production with tied-ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting on sloping land

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2022年第2期10卷 308-323页

作者： Qi Wang Fuchun Li Xiaole Zhao Wucheng Zhao Dengkui Zhang Xujiao Zhou David JSample Xiaoyun Wang Qinglin Liu Xiaoling Li Guang Li Heling Wang Kai Zhang Jin Chen College of Grassland Science Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou730070China Tongwei County Agricultural Technology Extension Center Dingxi743300China Department of Biological Systems Engineering Hampton Roads Agricultural Research and Extension CenterVirginia Polytechnic Institute and State Univ.Virginia BeachVAUSA Gansu Provincial Key Laboratory of Aridland Crop Science Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou730070China College of Water Conservancy and Hydropower Engineering Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou730070China College of Forestry Gansu Agricultural UniversityLanzhou730070China Key Laboratory of Arid Climatic Change and Reducing Disaster of Gansu Province Key Open Laboratory of Arid Change and Disaster Reduction of CMAInstitute of Arid MeteorologyChina Meteorological AdministrationLanzhou730020China Dingxi Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Dingxi743000China

Ridge-furrow rainwater harvesting(RFRH)is known to be effective in controlling water loss and soil erosion,and increasing soil moisture and crop yield in semiarid ***,it can cause water-logging,ridge overtopping,and harvest failure if not properly designed.A four consecutive-year field trial was carried out to assess the impacts of various slope gradients and tillage practices on soil moisture,runoff,sediment yield,associated soil nutrient losses,fodder yield,and water use efficiency(WUE)of alfalfa in the Loess Plateau,*** trial adopted a split-plot design,taking slope gradient(5and 10)as main plot treatment and tillage practice(traditional tillage,open-ridging,and tied-ridging)as split-plot treatment,from 2015 to *** were greater variations in runoff,sediment yield,and associ-ated soil nutrient losses than in fodder yield and ***-ridging and open-ridging resulted in decreased runoff and reduced sediment transport and associated soil nutrient losses,and increased soil moisture,fodder yield,and ***,sediment transport,and associated soil nutrient losses inclined with increasing slope;while fodder yield and the WUE *** slopes of 5and 10,the average decrease in runoff,sediment yield,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and organic matter losses for open-ridging were 47.7e56.2%,91.0e92.7%,90.4e93.1%,90.1e92.2%,and 88.9e90.2%,respectively,while these for tied-ridging were 62.4e68.4%,94.5e96.4%,93.6e95.5%,93.9e95.9%,and 93.0e94.9%,over 4 years as compared with traditional *** mean annual runoff,sediment,total nitrogen,total phosphorus,and organic matter losses for slopes of 10were 1.31,1.96,1.87,1.99,and 1.64 times greater than the corresponding values for slopes of 5,*** increase of fodder yield and WUE for open-ridging and tied-ridging was 40.1e45.6%and 16.0e17.5%,and 3.66e5.99 and 1.35e2.50 kg ha^(-1)mm^(-1),respectively,for slopes of 5and 10.The average fodder yield and WUE for slopes of 5were 1.19

关键词： runoff Sediment Nutrient loss Alfalfa fodder yield

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runoff change in the Yellow River Basin of China from 1960 to 2020 and its driving factors

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Journal of Arid Land 2024年第2期16卷 168-194页

作者： WANG Baoliang WANG Hongxiang JIAO Xuyang HUANG Lintong CHEN Hao GUO Wenxian School of Water Conservancy North China University of Water Resources and Electric PowerZhengzhou 450046China College of Water Resources North China University of Water Resources and Electric PowerZhengzhou 450046China

Analysing runoff changes and how these are affected by climate change and human activities is deemed crucial to elucidate the ecological and hydrological response mechanisms of *** Indicators of Hydrologic Alteration and the Range of Variability Approach(IHA-RVA)method,as well as the ecological indicator method,were employed to quantitatively assess the degree of hydrologic change and ecological response processes in the Yellow River Basin from 1960 to *** Budyko's water heat coupling balance theory,the relative contributions of various driving factors(such as precipitation,potential evapotranspiration,and underlying surface)to runoff changes in the Yellow River Basin were quantitatively *** results show that the annual average runoff and precipitation in the Yellow River Basin had a downwards trend,whereas the potential evapotranspiration exhibited an upwards trend from 1960 to *** approximately 1985,it was reported that the hydrological regime of the main stream underwent an abrupt *** degree of hydrological change was observed to gradually increase from upstream to downstream,with a range of 34.00%-54.00%,all of which are moderate ***,significant differences have been noted among different ecological indicators,with a fluctuation index of 90.00%at the outlet of downstream hydrological stations,reaching a high level of *** the mutation,the biodiversity index of flow in the middle and lower reaches of the Yellow River was generally lower than that in the base *** research results also indicate that the driving factor for runoff changes in the upper reach of the Yellow River Basin is mainly precipitation,with a contribution rate of 39.31%-54.70%.Moreover,the driving factor for runoff changes in the middle and lower reaches is mainly human activities,having a contribution rate of 63.70%-84.37%.These results can serve as a basis to strengthen the protection and restoration efforts in the Yellow River Basin

关键词： Budyko theory hydrological regime attribution analysis ecological responses Yellow River climate change human activity runoff

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Effects of land-use pattern change on rainfall-runoff and runoff-sediment relations:a case study in Zichang watershed of the Loess Plateau of China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2004年第3期16卷 436-442页

作者： ZHAOWen-wu FUBo-jie MENGQing-hua ZHANGQiu-ju ZHANGYin-hui KeyLab.ofSystemsEcology ResearchCenterforEco-EnviromnentalSciences.ChineseAcademyofSciences.Beijing100085China InstituteofGeographicalSciencesandNaturalResourcesResearch ChineseAcademyofSciencesBeijing100101China

The purpose of this article is to identify the effect of land use pattern on rainfall runoff and runoff sediment relations in Zichang Watershed of the Loess Plateau. From 1986 to 1997, many farmlands changed into grassland or woodland, especially the farmland in steep slope positions or far away from the river. The change of land use pattern altered the rainfall runoff and runoff sediment relationships, and led to higher slope of trend curves(STCs) of annual rainfall runoff mass curve and runoff sediment mass curve in 1990s than that in 1980s. It is implied that more soil and water loss yielded in 1990s. In order to reduce soil loss, more attentions should be paid to land use pattern and some grass or other herbaceous filter strips should be built along rivers.

关键词： land use rainfall runoff sediment concentration double mass curve slope of trend curve Loess Plateau

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runoff variations in the Yangtze River Basin and sub-basins based on GRACE, hydrological models, and in-situ data

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Earth and Planetary Physics 2022年第3期6卷 228-240页

作者： WeiLong Rao WenKe Sun University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

Water budget closure is a method used to study the balance of basin water storage and the dynamics of relevant hydrological components(e.g.,precipitation,evapotranspiration,and runoff).When water budget closure is connected with terrestrial water storage change(TWSC)estimated from Gravity Recovery and Climate Experiment(GRACE)data,variations in basin runoff can be understood *** this study,total runoff variations in the Yangtze River Basin(YRB)and its sub-basins are examined in detail based on the water budget closure *** compare and combine mainstream precipitation and evapotranspiration models to determine the best estimate of precipitation minus *** addition,we consider human water consumption,which has been neglected in earlier studies,and discuss its *** evaluate the effectiveness and accuracy of the combined hydrological models in estimating subsurface runoff,we collect discharge variations derived from in situ observations in the YRB and its sub-basins and compare these data with the models’final estimated runoff *** estimated runoff variations suggest that runoff over the YRB has been increasing,especially in the lower sub-basins and in the post-monsoon season,and is accompanied by apparent terrestrial water loss.

关键词： runoff discharge Yangtze River Basin water budget closure GRACE

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runoff and Infiltration responses of revegetated slopes to clipping management on the northern Loess Plateau

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International Soil and Water Conservation Research 2024年第1期12卷 171-183页

作者： Qilin He Binbin Li Fengbao Zhang Nan Shen Mingyi Yang The Research Center of Soil and Water Conservation and Ecological Environment Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of EducationYanglingShaanxi712100China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Chinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYanglingShaanxi712100China Institute of Soil and Water Conservation Northwest A&F UniversityYanglingShaanxi712100China Water and Soil Conservation Monitoring Center of Ministry of Water Resources Beijing100053China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Large-scale vegetation restoration can reduce local watershed water yield,limit vegetation establishment and subsequent growth,and influence regional ecosystem *** management by reducing aboveground parts of grassland was gradually recommended and adopted in Grain-for-Green project management to offset these additional ***,scientific evaluation of the effectiveness of clipping management on infiltration and runoff processes is necessary for maintaining the stability of the surface water system and the sustainability of vegetation restoration in semi-arid regions.A field simulated rainfall experiment was conducted with four managed clipping grasslands(mainly bunge needlegrass and Stipa grandis),including no clipping,light clipping,heavy clipping,and complete clipping under three slope gradients(10,20,and 30°)and three rainfall intensities(60,90,and 120 mm/h)to explore the mechanism of runoff and infiltration responses to clipping using structural equation modeling and variation partitioning based on an SCS-CN *** results showed the runoff coefficient of the light clipping,heavy clipping,and complete clipping plots were 1.33,2.22,and 4.22 times that of the no clipping *** light clipping,heavy clipping,and complete clipping plots decreased the infiltration coefficients by 0%,5%,and 26%relative to the no clipping *** intensity dominated runoff and infiltration amounts,and clipping intensity's total effect was stronger than slope *** intensity and slope gradient were more influential on runoff with increasing rainfall *** mutual inhibition effect was between clipping intensity and slope gradient on *** order to maintain the sustainability of restoration,a 25-50%vegetation coverage after clipping maximizes the benefits of increasing runoff and maintaining enough soil water supply that prevents possible soil *** propose that future vegetation restoration policies should evaluate the appropriat

关键词： runoff Infiltration Grassland clipping management SCS-CN model Structural equation model Variation partitioning

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runoff Characteristics of the Nen River Basin and its Cause

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Journal of Mountain Science 2014年第1期11卷 110-118页

作者： LI Hong-yan WANG Yu-xin JIA Li-na WU Ya-nan XIE Miao Key Laboratory of Groundwater Resources and Environment Ministry of EducationJilin University

Based on annual runoff data collected from several hydrological stations in the Nen River Basin from 1956 to 2004,the cumulative filter method,Mann-Kendall method and Morlet wavelet analysis were used to analyze variations in the characteristics and factors influencing ***,the general characteristics list as:The distribution of runoff was found to be uneven within a year,and the annual variation showed an overall decreasing *** abrupt change points of runoff were found to be in the early 1960s,middle 1980s and late *** time scales analysis revealed three time-scale cycles,a long-term cycle of about 20-35 years with a scale center of 25 years,another cycle of about 8-15 years with a scale center of 11 years and a short-term cycle of about 5 *** on the Morlet wavelet transform coefficients figure of the 25-year time scale,it is preliminarily estimated that the Nen River Basin will enter a high flow period in *** results obtained using various methods were consistent with each *** physical causes of the results were also analyzed to confirm their accuracy.

关键词： Nen River Basin runoff changes Morlet wavelet analysis Mann-Kendall test

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Spatial and temporal variation of nitrogen exported by runoff from sandy agricultural soils

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2007年第9期19卷 1086-1092页

作者： ZHANG Ming-kui WANG Li-ping HE Zhen-li College of Natural Resources and Environmental Sciences Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310029 China. University of Florida Institute of Food and Agricultural Sciences Indian River Research and Education Center 2199 South Rock Road Fort Pierce FL 34945 USA

The eutrophication problem has drawn attention to nutrient leaching from agricultural soils, and an understanding of spatial and temporal variability is needed to develop decision-making tools. Thus, eleven sites were selected to monitor, over a two-year period, spatial and temporal variation of runoff discharge and various forms of N in surface runoff in sandy agricultural soils. Factors influencing the variation of runoff discharge and various forms of N in surface runoff were analyzed. Variation of annual rainfall was small among 11 sites, especially between 2001 and 2002. However, variation of annual discharge was significant among the sites. The results suggest that rainfall patterns and land use had significant effect on discharge. The concentrations of total N, total kjeldahl N （TKN）, organic matter-associated N （OM-N）, NO3- -N, and NHn＋-N in the runoff ranged widely from 0.25 to 54.1, 0.15 to 20.3, 0.00 to 14.6, 0.00 to 45.3, and 0.00 to 19.7 mg/L, respectively. Spatial and temporal variations in the N concentration and runoff discharge were noted among the different sites. Annual loads of N in the runoff varied widely among monitoring sites and depend mainly on runoff discharge. High loads of total N, OM-N, NO3--N, and NHn＋-N in the runoff either in citrus groves or on vegetable farms occurred from June to October for each year, which coincided with the rainy season in the region. This study found that N in surface runoff was related to rainfall intensity, soil N level, and fertilizer use.

关键词： citrus grove nitrogen rainfall runoff sandy agricultural soils spatial and temporal variation vegetable farms

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