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AC operation and runaway electron behaviour in HT-7 tokamak

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Chinese Physics B 2010年第6期19卷 375-384页

作者：卢洪伟胡立群周瑞杰林士耀钟国强王少锋陈开云许平张继宗凌必利毛松涛段艳敏 HT-7 Team Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of Sciences

Operation of HT-7 tokamak in a multicycle alternating square wave plasma current regime is reported. A set of AC operation experiments, including LHW heating to enhance plasma ionization during the current transition and current sustainment, is described. The behaviour of runaway electrons is analysed by four HXR detectors tangentially viewing the plasma in the equatorial plane, within energy ranges 0.3-1.2 MeV and 0.3-7 MeV, separately. High energy runaway electrons （~MeV） axe found to circulate predominantly in the opposite direction to the plasma current, while the number of low energy runaway electrons （~tens to hundreds of keV） circulating along the plasma current is comparable to that in the direction opposite to the plasma current. AC operation with lower hybrid current drive （LHCD） is observed to have an additional benefit of suppressing the runaway electrons if the drop of the loop voltage is large enough.

关键词： runaway electron alternating current (AC) discharge lower hybrid current drive loop voltage

runaway electron dynamics in Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak helium plasmas

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第7期32卷 62-70页

作者：罗晨曦曾龙朱翔唐天仇志勇林士耀张涛刘海庆石同辉张斌丁锐高伟王敏锐高伟提昂赵海林周天富钱金平孙有文吕波臧庆揭银先梁云峰高翔 Institute of Plasma Physics Hefei Institutes of Physics ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230031China Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China Advanced Energy Research Center Shenzhen UniversityShenzhen 518060China Institute for Fusion Theory and Simulation Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310000China Forschungszentrum Jülich GmbH Institute of Energy and Climate Research Plasma Physics(IEK-4)Jülich 52425Germany

The generation of runaway electrons(REs)is observed during the low-density helium ohmic plasma discharge in the Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST).The growth rate of hard x-ray(HXR)is inversely proportional to the line-average ***,the RE generation in helium plasma is higher than that in deuterium plasma at the same density,which is obtained by comparing the growth rate of HXR with the same discharge *** potential reason is the higher electron temperature of helium plasma in the same current and electron density ***,two Alfvén eigenmodes driven by REs have been *** frequency evolution of the mode is not fully satisfied with the Alfvén scaling and when extension of the Alfvén frequency is towards 0,the high frequency branch is~50 *** different spatial position of the two modes and the evolution of the helium concentration could be used to understand deviation between theoretical and experimental observation.

关键词： helium plasma runaway electron toroidal Alfvén eigenmode(TAE) Experimental Advanced Superconducting Tokamak(EAST)

Observations of runaway electron Generation during Disruptions on HL-2A Tokamak

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Southwestern Institute of Physics Annual Report

Southwestern Institute of Physics Annual Report 2004年第1期 6-8页

作者： YANG Qingwei YANG Jinwei SONG Xianying CUI Zhengying LI Wei ZHOU Hangyu DING Xuantong

The major disruption can not only lead to the great heat loads and produce the large electromagnetic force on the first wall and divertor plates, but also can generate the runaway electrons. The runaway electrongenera... 详细信息

关键词： runaway electron Disruption

Effect of the relative phase between pre-existing 2/1 and 3/1 magnetic islands on the suppression of runaway electrons on J-TEXT

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Chinese Physics B 2023年第7期32卷 71-77页

作者：熊金玉江中和焦子啸李振梁云峰陈忠勇丁永华 J-TEXT Team International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologySchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074China Yangtze Memory Technologies Co. Ltd.Wuhan 430074China Institute of Plasma Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesHefei 230031China Forschungszentrum J¨ulich GmbH Institut f¨ur Energie-und Klimaforschung-PlasmaphysikJ¨ulich 52425Germany

In the experiments of actively triggering plasma disruption by massive gas injection, the externally applied resonant magnetic perturbation has been used to mitigate the hazard of runaway electron(RE). Motivated by the experiment of multimode coupling to suppress REs on J-TEXT, some typical simulation cases with non-ideal MHD with rotation-open discussion(NIMROD) code are carried out to explore the influential mechanism of different relative phases between m/n =2/1 and m/n = 3/1 magnetic islands on the confinement of REs. Results show that the RE confinement is drastically affected by the relative phase between 2/1 and 3/1 magnetic islands. When the O point phase of 2/1 and 3/1 magnetic islands is toroidal 330°, REs can be effectively lost. The fitting curve of the remaining ratio of REs vs. the relative toroidal phase is predicted to approximate a sine-like function dependence. Further studies indicate that the phase difference between coexisting 2/1 and 3/1 islands can affect the radial transport of impurities. The loss of runaway electrons is closely related to the deposition effect of impurity. The impurity is easier to spread into the core region with smaller poloidal phase difference between the radial velocity of impurity and the impurity quantity of Ar.

关键词： major disruption runaway electron massive gas injection(MGI) resonant magnetic perturbation(RMP)

Soft landing of runaway currents by ohmic field in J-TEXT tokamak

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Plasma Science and Technology 2020年第11期22卷 11-22页

作者： Jie HU Wei YAN Ruihai TONG Wei LI Zhongyong CHEN Anjue DAI Duwei HUANG Yunong WEI Tiankui MA Yuan HUANG Yang LI Wei ZHENG Zhifang LIN You LI Huaiyu YANG Duoqin WANG Wei BAI Yu ZHONG Jiangang FANG J-TEXT Team International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologySchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and Tech no logyWuhan 430074People's Republic of China Southwestern Institute of Physics Chengdu 610041.People's Republic of China Chengdu University Chengdu 610106People's Republic of China Beibu Gulf University Qinzhou 535000People's Republic of China

Recently,experimental studies on the soft landing of RE current by ohmic(OH)field have been performed in J-TEXT tokamak,as a possible auxiliary method to dissipate the RE *** optimized horizontal displacement control of the RE beam,the toroidal electric field has been scanned from 1.6 to—0.3 V m^-1 during the RE plateau *** growth rate of RE currents and the evolution of hard x-ray(HXR)emissions have been *** is found that when the toroidal electric field is less than 7-12 times the theoretical critical electric field,the decay of REs could be *** dissipation rate by the ohmic field can reach a maximum value of 3 MA s^-***,the results of HXR spectra analysis indicate the different behaviors of HXR emissions under the condition of different toroidal electric *** analysis of the ionized argon emissions and magnetic fluctuations shows that under the condition of different toroidal electric fields,the physical process of RE generation may be different.

关键词： tokamak disruption runaway electron hard x-ray

Synergetic Effects of runaway and Disruption Induced by VDE on the First Wall Damage in HL-2A

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Plasma Science and Technology 2012年第3期14卷 207-214页

作者：宋先瑛杨进蔚李旭袁国梁张轶泼 Southwestern Institute of Physics

The plasma facing component in HL-2A has been damaged seriously after disruption, and for this reason its operation is suspended for maintenance. The experimental phenomena and plasma configurations, calculated by the current filament code （CF-code） using the plasma parameters measured by diagnostics and the signals of the magnetic probes, confirm that the first wall is damaged by the synergetic effects of runaway electrons and disruption induced by a vertical displacement event （VDE）. When the plasma column is displaced upward/downward, the strong runaway electrons normally hit the baffle plate of the MP3 or MP1 coil in the upper and lower divertor during the disruption, causing the baffle plates to be holed and wrinkled by the energetic runaway current, and water （for cooling or heating the baffle plates） to leak into the vacuum vessel. Another disastrous consequence is that bellows underlying the baffle plate and outside the coil of MP3 for connecting two segments of the jacket casing pipe are punctured by arcing. The arc may be part of the halo current that forms a complete circuit. The experimental phenomena are indirect but compelling evidence for the existence of a halo current during the disruption and VDE, though the halo current has not been measured by the diagnostics in the HL-2A tokamak.

关键词： runaway electron VDE Halo current

Overview of runaway current suppression and dissipation on J-TEXT tokamak

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第12期24卷 115-125页

作者： Zhongyong CHEN Zhifang LIN Wei YAN Duwei HUANG Yunong WEI You LI Nianheng CAI Jie HU Yonghua DING Yunfeng LIANG Zhonghe JIANG J-TEXT Team International Joint Research Laboratory of Magnetic Confinement Fusion and Plasma Physics State Key Laboratory of Advanced Electromagnetic Engineering and TechnologySchool of Electrical and Electronic EngineeringHuazhong University of Science and TechnologyWuhan 430074People's Republic of China School of Electrical Engineering&Automation Jiangsu Normal UniversityXuzhou 221116People's Republic of China

The main works on disruption mitigation including suppression and mitigation of runaway current on the J-TEXT tokamak are summarized in this *** strategies for the mitigation of runaway electron(RE) beams are applied in *** first strategy enables the REs to be completely suppressed by means of supersonic molecular beam injection and resonant magnetic perturbation which can enhance RE loss,magnetic energy transfer which can reduce the electric field,and secondary massive gas injection(MGI) which can increase the collisional *** the second strategy,the runaway current is allowed to form but should be dissipated or soft landed within *** is observed that the runaway current can be significantly dissipated by MGI,and the dissipation rate increases with the injected impurity particle number and eventually stabilizes at 28 MA s^(-1).The dissipation rate of the runaway current can be up to 3 MA s^(-1)by ohmic *** pellet injection has been chosen as the main disruption mitigation method,which has the capability of injecting material deeper into the plasma for higher density assimilation when compared to ***,simulation works show that the RE seeds in the plasma are strongly influenced under different phases and sizes of 2/1 mode locked islands during thermal *** robust runaway suppression and runaway current dissipation provide an important insight on the disruption mitigation for future large tokamaks.

关键词： tokamak disruption mitigation runaway electron runaway current

Damaging impacts of energetic charge particles on materials in plasma energy explosive events

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Chinese Physics B 2006年第7期15卷 1486-1491页

作者：邓柏权彭利林严建成罗正明陈志 Southwestern Institute of Physics Chengdu 610041 China Center of Radiation Physics Sichuan University Chengdu 610064 China

To provide some reference data for estimation of the erosion rates and lifetimes of some candidate plasma facing component （PFC） materials in the plasma stored energy explosive events （PSEEE）, this paper calculates the sputtering yields of Mo, W and deuterium saturated Li surface bombarded by energetic charged particles by a new sputtering physics description method based on bipartition model of charge particle transport theory. The comparisons with Monte Carlo data of TRIM code and experimental results axe made. The dependences of maximum energy deposition, particle and energy reflection coefficients on the incident energy of energetic runaway electrons impinging on the different material surfaces are also calculated. Results may be useful for estimating the lifetime of PFC and analysing the impurity contamination extent, especially in the PSEEE for high power density and with high plasma current fusion reactor.

关键词： sputtering bipartition model transport theory runaway electron