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Hormones and carbohydrates synergistically regulate the formation of swollen roots in a Chinese cabbage translocation line

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Horticulture Research 2023年第8期10卷 44-58页

作者： Xiaojing Ren Wei Ma Shuxin Xuan Dandan Li Yanhua Wang Yuanchao Xu Daling Feng Jianjun Zhao Xueping Chen Shuangxia Luo Shuxing Shen Aixia Gu State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation Key Laboratory of Vegetable Germplasm Innovation and Utilization of HebeiCollaborative Innovation Center of Vegetable Industry in HebeiCollege of HorticultureHebei Agricultural University071000 BaodingChina

The genus Brassica contains a rich diversity of species and morphological types,including leaf,root,and oil crops,all of which show substantial phenotypic *** Chinese cabbage and cabbage are typical leaf-type crops with normal *** created translocation lines based on interspecific crosses between Chinese cabbage and cabbage and identified qdh225,which exhibited a swollen-root *** swollen root of qdh225 contained a large number of granular substances,and the formation of its irregular morphological tissue was caused by a thickening of the *** and metabolomic data suggested that differential expression of genes encoding nine types of enzymes involved in starch and sucrose metabolism caused changes in starch synthesis and degradation in the swollen *** genes jointly regulated sucrose and starch levels,leading to significant enrichment of starch and soluble proteins in the swollen root and a reduction in the content of soluble sugars such as d-glucose and trehalose 6-phosphate.A significant increase in auxin(IAA)and abscisic acid(ABA)contents and a decrease in gibberellin(GA)content in the swollen root likely promoted the differential expression of genes associated with hormone signal transduction,thereby regulating the development of the swollen *** together,our data suggest that accumulation of IAA and ABA and reduction in GA promote swollen root formation by regulating hormone-mediated signaling,leading to a thickening of phloem,root enlargement,and substantial accumulation of starch and soluble *** latter provide materials,energy,and nutrient sources for the development of swollen roots.

关键词： crops roots synergistic

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Genome-wide transcriptome analysis of roots in two rice varieties in response to alternate wetting and drying irrigation

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The Crop Journal 2020年第4期8卷 586-601页

作者： Tao Song Debatosh Das Feng Yang Moxian Chen Yuan Tian Chaolin Cheng Chao Sun Weifeng Xu Jianhua Zhang Shenzhen Research Institute The Chinese University of Hong KongShenzhen 518057GuangdongChina Southern Regional Collaborative Innovation Center for Grain and Oil Crops in China Hunan Agricultural UniversityChangsha 410128HunanChina College of Horticulture Nanjing Agricultural UniversityNanjing 210095JiangsuChina Center for Plant Water-use and Nutrition Regulation and College of Life Sciences Joint International Research Laboratory of Water and Nutrient in CropFujian Agriculture and Forestry UniversityFuzhou 350002FujianChina Department of Biology Hong Kong Baptist UniversityKowloonHong KongChina State Key Laboratory of Agrobiotechnology The Chinese University of Hong KongShatinHong KongChina

Alternate wetting and drying(AWD)irrigation has been widely used as an efficient rice production method to obtain better yield without continuous flooding(CF)of the paddy ***,how this practice affects gene expression to regulate rice physiology and morphology is largely *** this study,we used two rice varieties,Nipponbare,a lowland rice cultivar,and Gaoshan 1,an upland cultivar,and found that root dry weight(RDW)and root oxidation activity(ROA)in both cultivars substantially increased in response to *** then analyzed the differences in transcriptome profiles of their roots irrigated in AWD *** *** responsive genes are mainly involved in lignin biosynthetic pathway and phytohormone signal transduction pathway and belong mainly to b HLH,b ZIP,NAC,WRKY,and HSF transcription factor *** discussed how these differentially expressed genes may contribute to the morphological adaptations observed in roots exposed to *** analysis also provides useful information to explain the similarities and differences in adaptation to AWD irrigation between the two rice ecotypes.

关键词： cultivar paddy roots

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Identification of suitable reference genes in leaves and roots of rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) under different nutrient deficiencies

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2017年第4期16卷 809-819页

作者： HAN Pei-pei QIN Lu LI Yin-shui LIAO Xiang-sheng XU Zi-xian HU Xiao-jia XIE Li-hua YU Chang-bing WU Yan-feng LIAO Xing Oil Crops Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences/Key Laboratory of Biology and Genetics Improvement of Oil Crops Ministry of Agriculture Wuhan 430062 P.R. China

Nutrient deficiency stresses often occur simultaneously in soil. Thus, it＇s necessary to investigate the mechanisms underlying plant responses to multiple stresses through identification of some key stress-responsive genes. Quantitative real-time PCR （qRT-PCR） is essential for detecting the expression of the interested genes, of which the selection of suitable reference genes is a crucial step before qRT-PCR. To date, reliable reference genes to normalize qRT-PCR data under different nutrient deficiencies have not been reported in plants. In this study, expression of ten candidate reference genes was detected in leaves and roots of rapeseed （Brassica napus L.） after implementing different nutrient deficiencies for 14 days. These candidate genes, included two traditionally used reference genes and eight genes selected from an RNA- Seq dataset. Two software packages （GeNorm, NormFinder） were employed to evaluate candidate gene stability. Results showed that VHA-E1 was the highest-ranked gene in leaves of nutrient-deficient rapeseed, while VHA-G1 and UBC21 were most stable in nutrient-deficient roots. When rapeseed leaves and roots were combined, UBC21, HTB1, VHA-G1 and A CT7 were most stable among all samples. To evaluate the stabilities of the highest-ranked genes, the relative expression of two target genes, BnTrxl;1 and BnPhtl;3 Were further determined. The results showed that the relative expression of BnTrxl;1 depended on reference gene selection, suggesting that it＇s necessary to evaluate the stability of reference gene prior to qRT-PCR. This study provides suitable reference genes for gene expression analysis of rapeseed responses to different nutrient deficiencies, which is essential for elucidation of mechanisms underlying rapeseed responses to multiple nutrient deficiency stresses

关键词： reference genes rapeseed (Brassica napus L.) nutrient deficiency leaves roots

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Effects of Cinnamon Acid on Respiratory Rate and Its Related Enzymes Activity in roots of Seedlings of Malus hupehensis Rehd.

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2010年第6期9卷 833-839页

作者： GAO Xiang-bin,ZHAO Feng-xia,SHEN Xiang,HU Yan-li,HAO Yun-hong,YANG Shu-quan,SU Li-tao and MAO Zhi-quan State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Horticultural Science and Engineering,Shandong Agricultural University,Tai’an 271018,P.R.China State Key Laboratory of Crop Biology/College of Horticultural Science and Engineering Shandong Agricultural University Tai'an 271018 P.R.China

This paper studied the effects of cinnamon acid treatments on the respiratory rate and related enzymes activity in the seedling roots of Malus hupehensis *** would provide information for understanding the mechanisms of inhibition damage caused by continuous cultivation of apple tree.20 mL of solution containing different concentrations of cinnamon acid was added into container with the tested *** treatment,the samples were taken periodically and the respiratory rates were measured by OXY-LAB oxygen electrodes under 25°C stable temperature and then the activities of related enzymes were *** rates of total respiration and other 2 pathways [tricarboxylic acid cycle （TCA） and pentose phosphate pathway （PPP）] appeared initially an increasing treads and late （on the 3rd d） began to ***,they again appeared an increase trend at the end period,on the contrast,the respiratory rate of embden-meyer- hot-parnas （EMP） pathway appeared a stead decline tread but it had a recover on the last *** respiratory rate of total and 3 pathways were decreased under 125 mg kg-1 （soil）.The dynamic trends of the enzymes activities of pyrophosphate-dependent phosphofructokinase （PFK）,glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase （G-6-PDH） and malate dehydrogenase （MDH） showed *** conclusion,treatments of certain concentration of cinnamon acid would inhibit the respiratory rate and related enzymes activity of roots of *** *** the inhibition degrees were positively related with concentration of cinnamon acid treatments.

关键词： cinnamon acid Malus hupehensis Rehd. roots respiratory rate enzymes activity

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Expression Profiling of Cassava Storage roots Reveals an Active Process of Glycolysis/Gluconeogenesis

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2011年第3期53卷 193-211页

作者： Jun Yang Dong An Peng Zhang Shanghai Center for Cassava Biotechnology National Laboratory of Plant Molecular Genetics Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China Key Laboratory of Synthetic Biology Institute of Plant Physiology & Ecology Shanghai Institutes for Biological Sciences the Chinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai 200032 China Shanghai Chenshan Plant Science Research Center the Chinese Academy of Sciences Chenshan Botanical Garden Shanghai 201602 China

Mechanisms related to the development of cassava storage roots and starch accumulation remain largely unknown. To evaluate genome-wide expression patterns during tuberization, a 60 mer oligonucleotide microarray representing 20 840 cassawl genes was designed to identify differentially expressed transcripts in fibrous roots, developing storage roots and mature storage roots. Using a random variance model and the traditional twofold change method for statistical analysis, 912 and 3 386 upregulated and downregulated genes related to the three developmental phases were identified. Among 25 significantly changed pathways identified, glycolysis/gluconeogenesis was the most evident one. Rate-limiting enzymes were identified from each individual pathway, for example, enolase, L-lactate dehydrogenase and aldehyde dehydrogenase for glycolysis/gluconeogenesis, and ADP-glucose pyrophosphorylase, starch branching enzyme and glucan phosphorylase for sucrose and starch metabolism. This study revealed that dynamic changes in at least 16% of the total transcripts, including transcription fac- tors, oxidoreductases/transferases/hydrolases, hormone-related genes, and effectors of homeostasis. The reliability of these differentially expressed genes was verified by quantitative real-time reverse transcription-polymerase chain reaction. Tlhese studies should facilitate our understanding of the storage root formation and cassava improvement.

关键词： roots Storage Rooting Cassava Transcription Genomes Genes Starch Statistical methods Enzymes

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Optimization of roots and Copper Slag to Reinforce Soft Soil Using Response Surface Method

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2020年第11期8卷 1391-1409页

作者： Dingbang Zhang Yi Zhang Zhiguo Cao Tao Cheng School of Civil Engineering Hubei Polytechnic UniversityHuangshi435003China School of Civil Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing100091China College of Civil Engineering Chongqing Jiaotong UniversityChongqing404100China

In this paper,roots and copper slag were used to overcome the weakness and reinforce the mechanical property of soft *** experiments were designed by the Response Surface Method(RSM),the content optimizing of the root permeated copper slag mixed soil for achieving appropriate values of shear strength and the final results evaluating were also conducted by *** independent variables including moisture content(12–21%by dry weight of the mixture),slag content(10–20%by dry weight of the mixture),roots content(0–1.1%by dry weight of the mixture),and aspect ratio of roots L/d(5–40)were studied and a generalized response model was built to predict the experimental *** optimum contents of the four independent variables were suggested as 15.41%(moisture),16.30%(copper slag),and 0.82%(roots)with an aspect ratio of 28.14,*** can be concluded from the verification experiments that the predicted values of the soil mechanical property are almost equal to the experimental values,which validate the response ***,a typical subgrade model was built for proving the practical advantages of using the above-mentioned mixture as subgrade fill.

关键词： Response surface shear strength roots copper slag

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Transcriptomic profiling of sorghum leaves and roots responsive to drought stress at the seedling stage

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2019年第9期18卷 1980-1995页

作者： ZHANG Deng-feng ZENG Ting-ru LIU Xu-yang GAO Chen-xi LI Yong-xiang LI Chun-hui SONG Yan-chun SHI Yun-su WANG Tian-yu LI Yu Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences

Drought stress affects the growth and productivity of crop plants including *** study the molecular basis of drought tolerance in sorghum,we conducted the transcriptomic profiling of sorghum leaves and roots under drought stress using RNA-Seq method.A total of 510,559,and 3 687 differentially expressed genes(DEGs)in leaves,3 368,5 093,and 4 635 DEGs in roots responding to mild drought,severe drought,and re-watering treatments were identified,*** them,190 common DEGs in leaves and 1 644 common DEGs in roots were responsive to mild drought,severe drought,and re-watering *** Ontology(GO)enrichment analysis revealed that the GO categories related to drought tolerance include terms related to response to stimulus especially response to water deprivation,abscisic acid stimulus,and reactive oxygen *** major transcription factor genes responsive to drought stress include heat stress transcription factor(HSF),ethylene-responsive transcription factor(ERF),Petunia NAM,Arabidopsis ATAF1/2 and CUC2(NAC),WRKY transcription factor(WRKY),homeodomain leucine zipper transcription factor(HD-ZIP),basic helix-loop-helix transcription factor(bHLH),and V-myb myeloblastosis viral oncogene homolog transcription facotr(MYB).Functional protein genes for heat shock protein(HSPs),late-embryogenesis-abundant protein(LEAs),chaperones,aquaporins,and expansins might play important roles in sorghum drought ***,the genomic regions enriched with HSP,expansin,and aquaporin genes responsive to drought stress could be used as powerful targets for improvement of drought tolerance in sorghum and other ***,our results provide a genome-wide analysis of DEGs in sorghum leaves and roots under mild drought,severe drought,and re-watering *** study contributes to a better understanding of the molecular basis of drought tolerance of sorghum and can be useful for crop improvement.

关键词： sorghum(Sorghum bicolor L.) transcriptomic profiling drought leaves roots

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Distribution of Manganese(Ⅱ) Chemical Forms on Soybean roots and Manganese(Ⅱ) Toxicity

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Pedosphere 2019年第5期29卷 656-664页

作者： LIU Yuan LI Zhongyi XU Renkou State Key Laboratory of Soil and Sustainable Agriculture Institute of Soil ScienceChinese Academy of SciencesNanjing 210008 (China) Farmland Irrigation Research Institute Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXinxiang 453002 (China) Key Laboratory of High-Efficient and Safe Utilization of Agriculture Water Resources Chinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesXinxiang 453002 (China)

Distribution of chemical forms of manganese(Ⅱ)(Mn(Ⅱ))on plant roots may affect Mn(Ⅱ)absorption by plants and toxicity of Mn(Ⅱ)to plants at its high *** chemical forms of Mn(Ⅱ)on soybean roots were investigated to determine the main factors that affect their distribution and relationship with Mn(Ⅱ)plant *** soybean roots were reacted with Mn(Ⅱ)in solutions,and Mn(Ⅱ)adsorbed on the roots was differentiated into exchangeable,complexed,and precipitated forms through sequential extraction with KNO3,EDTA,and *** exchangeable Mn(Ⅱ)content on the roots was the highest,followed by the complexed and precipitated Mn(Ⅱ)***(Ⅱ)toxicity to the roots was greater at pH 5.5 than at pH 4.2 due to the larger amount of exchangeable Mn(Ⅱ)at higher *** cations Al3+,La3+,Ca2+,Mg2+,and NH4+competed with Mn(Ⅱ)for cation exchange sites on the root surfaces and thus reduced exchangeable Mn(Ⅱ)on the roots,in the order Al3+,La3+>Ca2+,Mg2+>NH4+.Al3+ and La3+ at 100μmol L-1 decreased exchangeable Mn(Ⅱ)by 80%and 79%,respectively,and Ca2+ and Mg2+at 1 mmol L-1 decreased exchangeable Mn(Ⅱ)by 51%and 73%,*** anions oxalate,citrate,and malate reduced free Mn(Ⅱ)concentration in solution through formation of complexes with Mn(Ⅱ),efficiently decreasing exchangeable Mn(Ⅱ)on the roots;the decreases in exchangeable Mn(Ⅱ)on the roots were 30.9%,19.7%,and 10.9%,respectively,which was consistent with the complexing ability of these organic anions with Mn(Ⅱ).Thus,exchangeable Mn(Ⅱ)was the dominant form of Mn(Ⅱ)on the roots and responsible for Mn(Ⅱ)toxicity to *** coexisting cations and organic anions reduced the exchangeable Mn(Ⅱ)content,and thus they could alleviate Mn(Ⅱ)toxicity to plants on acid soils.

关键词： acidic soils cations exchangeable Mn(Ⅱ) organic anions plant micronutrient plant roots toxicity alleviation

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Effects of Chronic Stress of Cadmium and Lead on Anatomical Structure of Tobacco roots

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2011年第12期10卷 1941-1948页

作者： YUAN Zu-li XIONG Shu-ping LI Chun-ming MA Xin-ming College of Life Science Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 P.R. China College of Agronomy Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 P.R.China Institute of Economic Crop Research Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou 450002 P.R.China College of Information and Management Science Henan Agricultural University Zhengzhou 450002 P.R. China

Cadmium （Cd2＋） is one of the major widespread environmental pollutants, and can cause serious problems to all organisms. Lead （Pb2＋） is another wide spread dangerous heavy metal. Tobacco is a popular growing economic crop in China. Most tobacco growing region soils contain excessive Cd2＋ and Pb2＋. To assess anatomic changes of tobacco roots under Cd2＋, Pb2＋, and Cd2＋＋pb2＋ chronic stress, a pot experiment was carried out in field. The tobacco seedlings with 6 leaves were transplanted to pots in which soil was placed. The amounts of Cd2＋ added to soil were 0, 3, 6, 10, 30, 60, and 100 mg kg-1 dry soil. The amounts of Pb2＋ added to soil were 0, 150, 300, 450, 600, 750, and 1 000 mg kg-1 dry soil. The amounts of Cd2＋＋Pb2＋ added to soil were 0＋0, 3＋150, 6＋300, 10＋450, 30＋600, 60＋750, and 100＋1000 mg kg-1 dry soil. The contents of Cd2＋ and Pb2＋ in root systems were determined by inductively coupled plasma, and the anatomical structure was studied by method of paraffin sectioning. The results revealed that the amounts of exchangeable Cd2＋ and Pb2＋ and carbonate bound Cd2＋ and Pbz＋ in soil increased with the amounts of Cd2＋ and Pb2＋ added to soil, and the contents of both Cd2＋ and Pb1＋ in roots were significantly increased along with stress time and the amounts of Cd2＋ and Pb2＋ added to soil. The growing of tobacco in Cd2＋ and Cd2＋＋Pb2＋ polluted soil for 50, 100, and 150 d resulted in some abnormal extemal morphological and anatomical changes in ripe region of lateral roots. All the abnormal roots had abnormal vascular cylinders, and the ratio of abnormal extemal morphological and anatomical changes of roots positively correlated with the Cd2＋ contents in roots and stress time. While, there were no abnormal external morphological and anatomical changes of roots under Pb2＋ stress. It was suggested that Cd2＋ stress could cause abnormal anatomic changes of roots, but Pb2＋ stress could not.

关键词： tobacco roots Cd2+ Pb2+ stress anatomical structure

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Isolation and Analysis of Drought-Induced Genes in Maize roots

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Agricultural Sciences in China 2009年第2期8卷 129-136页

作者： LI Hui-yong HUANG Shu-hua SHI Yun-su SONG Yan-chun ZHONG Zhong-bao WANG Guo-ying WANG Tian-yu LI Yu Institute of Crop Sciences Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100081 P.R.China The Cereal Crops Institute Henan Academy of Agricultural Sciences Zhengzhou 450002 P.R.China

Maize roots are important component for plant adaptation to soil water deficits because they are supposed to take up water and necessary solutes from the soil. In the present study, the drought-induced genes were isolated in maize roots. A suppression subtractive hybridization protocol was applied to construct a forward subtractive cDNA library from CN165 for drought-stressed maize roots and a number of drought-induced genes were isolated. Totally, 126 uniESTs （containing 82 singlets and 44 contigs） were obtained from 503 available ESTs sequences after macroarray hybridization. UniESTs were analyzed using BLASTN and BLASTX and the results showed that 92% of the uniESTs had homolgous sequences in maize nr database by BLASTN. About 89% of uniESTs appeared the homlogous amino acid sequences in rice protein database but not in maize protein database by BLASTX, implying that those genes are likely new functional genes in maize. Function analysis showed that those genes were involved in a broad spectrum of biological pathways, mainly in signaling and regulatory pathways related to stress tolerance.

关键词： maize roots drought stress suppression subtractive hybridization expressed sequence tag

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