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Variation Characteristics of root traits of Different Alfalfa Cultivars under Saline-Alkaline Stress and their Relationship with Soil Environmental Factors

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Phyton-International Journal of Experimental Botany 2024年第1期93卷 29-43页

作者： Tian-Jiao Wei Guang Li Yan-Ru Cui Jiao Xie Xing-Ai Gao Xing Teng Xin-Ying Zhao Fa-Chun Guan Zheng-Wei Liang Northeast Agricultural Research Center of China Jilin Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangchun130033China Northeast Institute of Geography and Agroecology Chinese Academy of SciencesChangchun130102China

Soil salinization is the main factor that threatens the growth and development of plants and limits the increase of yield.It is of great significance to study the key soil environmental factors affecting plant root traits to reveal the adaptation strategies of plants to saline-alkaline-stressed soil environments.In this study,the root biomass,root morphological parameters and root mineral nutrient content of two alfalfa cultivars with different sensitivities to alkaline stress were analyzed with black soil as the control group and the mixed saline-alkaline soil with a ratio of 7:3 between black soil and saline-alkaline soil as the saline-alkaline treatment group.At the same time,the correlation analysis of soil salinity indexes,soil nutrient indexes and the activities of key enzymes involved in soil carbon,nitrogen and phosphorus cycles was carried out.The results showed that compared with the control group,the pH,EC,and urease(URE)of the soil surrounding the roots of two alfalfa cultivars were significantly increased,while soil total nitrogen(TN),total phosphorus(TP),organic carbon(SOC),andα-glucosidase activity(AGC)were significantly decreased under saline-alkaline stress.There was no significant difference in root biomass and root morphological parameters of saline-alkaline tolerant cultivar GN under saline-alkaline stress.The number of root tips(RT),root surface area(RS)and root volume(RV)of AG were reduced by 61.16%,44.54%,and 45.31%,respectively,compared with control group.The ratios of K^(+)/Na^(+),Ca^(2+)/Na^(+)and Mg^(2+)/Na^(+)of GN were significantly higher than those of AG(proot fresh weight(RFW)and dry weight(RDW),root length(RL),RV and RT of alfalfa were positively regulated by soil SOC and TN,but negatively regulated by soil pH,EC,and URE(proot Ca^(2+)/Na+ratio was significantly positively correlated with soil TN,TP and SOC(proots is significantly negatively regulated by soilβ-glucosidase activity(BGC)and acid phosphatase activity(APC)(p<

关键词： Saline-alkaline stress alfalfa root traits soil environmental factors correlation analysis

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Quantitative trait loci analysis for root traits in synthetic hexaploid wheat under drought stress conditions

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2020年第8期19卷 1947-1960页

作者： LIU Rui-xuan WU Fang-kun YI Xin LIN Yu WANG Zhi-qiang LIU Shi-hang DENG Mei MA Jian WEI Yu-ming ZHENG You-liang LIU Ya-xi Triticeae Research Institute Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130P.R.China College of Environmental Sciences Sichuan Agricultural UniversityChengdu 611130P.R.China

Synthetic hexaploid wheat(SHW),possesses numerous genes for drought that can help breeding for drought-tolerant wheat varieties.We evaluated 10 root traits at seedling stage in 111 F9 recombinant inbred lines derived from a F2 population of a SHW line(SHW-L1)and a common wheat line,under normal(NC)and polyethylene glycol-simulated drought stress conditions(DC).We mapped quantitative trait loci(QTLs)for root traits using an enriched high-density genetic map containing 120370 single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNPs),733 diversity arrays technology markers(DArT)and 119 simple sequence repeats(SSRs).With four replicates per treatment,we identified 19 QTLs for root traits under NC and DC,and 12 of them could be consistently detected with three or four replicates.Two novel QTLs for root fresh weight and root diameter under NC explained 9 and 15.7%of the phenotypic variation respectively,and six novel QTLs for root fresh weight,the ratio of root water loss,total root surface area,number of root tips,and number of root forks under DC explained 8.5–14%of the phenotypic variation.Here seven of eight novel QTLs could be consistently detected with more than three replicates.Results provide essential information for fine-mapping QTLs related to drought tolerance that will facilitate breeding drought-tolerant wheat cultivars.

关键词： synthetic hexaploid wheat quantitative trait loci drought stress root traits

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QTL mapping of seedling biomass and root traits under different nitrogen conditions in bread wheat(Triticum aestivum L.)

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2021年第5期20卷 1180-1192页

作者： YANG Meng-jiao WANG Cai-rong Muhammad Adeel HASSAN WU Yu-ying XIA Xian-chun SHI Shu-bing XIAO Yong-gui HE Zhong-hu College of Agriculture Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052P.R.China National Wheat Improvement Centre Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences(CAAS)Beijing 100081P.R.China Institute of Agricultural Science of Yili Prefecture Yining 835000P.R.China International Maize and Wheat Improvement Centre(CIMMYT)China Office c/o CAASBeijing 100081P.R.China

Plant nitrogen assimilation and use efficiency in the seedling's root system are beneficial for adult plants in field condition for yield enhancement.Identification of the genetic basis between root traits and N uptake plays a crucial role in wheat breeding.In the present study,198 doubled haploid lines from the cross of Yangmai 16/Zhongmai 895 were used to identify quantitative trait loci(QTLs)underpinning four seedling biomass traits and five root system architecture(RSA)related traits.The plants were grown under hydroponic conditions with control,low and high N treatments(Ca(NO_(3))_(2)·4H_(2)O at 0,0.05 and 2.0 mmol L^(-1),respectively).Significant variations among the treatments and genotypes,and positive correlations between seedling biomass and RSA traits(r=0.20 to 0.98)were observed.Inclusive composite interval mapping based on a high-density map from the Wheat 660 K single nucleotide polymorphisms(SNP)array identified 51 QTLs from the three N treatments.Twelve new QTLs detected on chromosomes 1 AL(1)in the control,1 DS(2)in high N treatment,4 BL(5)in low and high N treatments,and 7 DS(3)and 7 DL(1)in low N treatments,are first reported in influencing the root and biomass related traits for N uptake.The most stable QTLs(RRS.caas-4 DS)on chromosome 4 DS,which were related to ratio of root to shoot dry weight trait,was in close proximity of the Rht-D1 gene,and it showed high phenotypic effects,explaining 13.1%of the phenotypic variance.Twenty-eight QTLs were clustered in 12 genetic regions.SNP markers tightly linked to two important QTLs clusters C10 and C11 on chromosomes 6 BL and 7 BL were converted to kompetitive allele-specific PCR(KASP)assays that underpin important traits in root development,including root dry weight,root surface area and shoot dry weight.These QTLs,clusters and KASP assays can greatly improve the efficiency of selection for root traits in wheat breeding programmes.

关键词： KASP marker QTL analysis root traits SNP array Triticum aestivum

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Evaluation of root traits and water use efficiency of different cotton genotypes in the presence or absence of a soil-hardpan

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The Crop Journal 2021年第4期9卷 945-953页

作者： Ricardo St Aime Grace Rhodes Michael Jones BTodd Campbell Sruthi Narayanan Department of Plant and Environmental Sciences Clemson UniversityClemsonSC 29634USA Medical University of South Carolina SC 29425USA Pee Dee Research and Education Center Clemson UniversityFlorenceSC 29506USA USDA-ARS Coastal Plain SoilWater and Plant Conservation ResearchFlorenceSC 29501USA

Cotton(Gossypium spp.) is an important fiber and oil crop grown worldwide. Water and nutrient stresses are major issues affecting cotton production globally. root traits are critical in improving water and nutrient uptake and maintaining plant productivity under optimal as well as drought conditions.However, root traits have rarely been utilized in cotton breeding programs, a major reason being the lack of information regarding genetic variability for root traits. The objective of this research was to evaluate ten selected cotton genotypes for root traits and water use efficiency. The tested genotypes included germplasm lines(PD 1 and PD 695) and cultivars that are currently grown in the southeastern USA(PHY 499 WRF, PHY 444 WRF, PHY 430 W3 FE, DP 1646 B2 XF, DP 1538 B2 XF, DP 1851 B3 XF, NG5007 B2 XF, and ST 5020 GLT). Experiments were conducted under controlled environmental conditions in 2018 and 2019. A hardpan treatment was included in the second year to evaluate the effect of a soil hardpan on root traits and water use efficiency. Genotype PHY 499 WRF ranked at the top and NG5007 B2 XF ranked at the bottom for root morphological traits(total and fine root length, surface area,and volume) and root weight. PHY 499 WRF was also one of the best biomass producers and had high water use efficiency. PHY 444 WRF, PHY 430 W3 FE, and PD-1 were the other best genotypes in terms of root traits and water use efficiency. All genotypes had higher values for root traits and water use efficiency under hardpan conditions. This trend indicates a horizontal proliferation of root systems when they incur a stress imposed by a hardpan. The genotypic differences identified in this research for root traits and water use efficiency would be valuable for selecting genotypes for cotton breeding programs.

关键词： Cotton root traits Water use efficiency Hardpan Genetic variability

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Response of root traits of Reaumuria soongorica and Salsola passerina to facilitation

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Journal of Arid Land 2014年第5期6卷 628-636页

作者： HaiNa ZHANG PeiXi SU ShanJia LI ZiJuan ZHOU TingTing XIE Linze Inland River Basin Research Station Cold and Arid Regions Environmental and Engineering Research InstituteChinese Academy of Sciences Key Laboratory of Land Surface Process and Climate Change in Cold and Arid Regions Chinese Academy of Sciences

C3 plant Reaumuria soongorica and C4 plant Salsola passerina are super xerophytes and coexist in a mixed community in either isolated or associated growth, and interspecific facilitation occurs in associated growth. In the present study, the root traits including root distribution, root length（RL）, root surface area（RSA）, root weight（RW） and specific root length（SRL） of both species in two growth forms were investigated to clarify their response to facilitation in associated growth. Six isolated plants of each species, as well as six associated plants similar in size and development were selected during the plant growing season, and their roots were excavated at 0–10, 10–20, 20–30, 30–40 and 40–50 cm soil depths at the end of the growing season. All the roots of each plant were separated into the two categories of fine roots（2 mm diameter） and coarse roots（≥2 mm diameter）. root traits such as RL and RSA in the fine and coarse roots were obtained by the root analyzing system WinRHIZO. Most of the coarse roots in R. soongorica and S. passerina were distributed in the top 10 cm of the soil in both growth forms, whereas the fine roots of the two plant species were found mainly in the 10–20 and 20–30 cm soil depths in isolated growth, respectively. However, the fine roots of both species were mostly overlapped in 10–20 cm soil depth in associated growth. The root/canopy ratios of both species reduced, whereas the ratios of their fine roots to coarse roots in RL increased, and both species had an increased SRL in the fine roots in associated growth. In addition, there was the increase in RL of fine roots and content of root N for S. passerina in associated growth. Taken together, the root growth of S. passerina was facilitated for water and nutrient exploration under the interaction of the overlapped roots in both species in associated growth, and higher SRL allowed both species to more effectively adapt to the infertile soil in the desert ecosystem.

关键词： C3 plant C4 plant facilitation relationship root traits specific root length

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root and shoot traits responses to phosphorus deficiency and QTL analysis at seedling stage using introgression lines of rice

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Journal of Genetics and Genomics 2009年第3期36卷 173-183页

作者： Junzhou Li Yan Xie Anyong Dai Lifeng Liu Zichao Li Key Laboratory of Crop Genomics and Genetic Improvement of Ministry of Agriculture and Beijing Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement China Agricultural University Beijing 100193 China

Phosphorous （P） deficiency is a major restraint factor for crop production and plants have developed several mechanisms to adapt to low P stress. In this study, a set of 271 introgression lines （ILs） were used to characterize the responses of seedlings to low P availability and to identify QTLs for root traits, biomass, and plant height under P-deficiency and P-sufficiency conditions. Plant height, total dry weight, shoot dry weight, and root number were inhibited under P-deficiency, whereas maximum root length （MRL） and root-shoot ratio （RS） were induced by P-deficiency stress. Relative MRL （RMRL, the ratio of MRL under P-deficiency to MRL under P-sufficiency con- dition） and relative RS （RRS） were used to evaluate P-deficiency tolerance at the seedling stage. A total of 24 additive QTLs and 29 pairs of epistatic QTLs were detected, but only qRN4 was detected in both conditions. This suggested that different mechanisms may exist in both P supply levels. QTLs for adaptive traits （RMRL, RRS, RRV, and RRDW） and qRN4 consistently expressed to increase trait stability may contribute to P-deficiency tolerance. Twelve intervals were cluster regions of QTLs for P-deficiency tolerance, and one QTL （qRRSS） showed pleiotropic effects on P-deficiency tolerance and drought tolerance. These interesting QTLs can be used in marker-assisted breeding through the target ILs.

关键词： introgression lines phosphorous deficiency tolerance QTL mapping rice root traits

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A population for genome-wide association studies(GWAS) of root traits in oilseed rape(Brassic napus L.)

A population for genome-wide association studies(GWAS) of ro...

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第十四届全国植物基因组学大会

作者： Xiaohua Wang Yanling Chen Guangda Ding Fangsen Xu Tingdong Fu Lei Shi Bin Yi National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural University

Genome-wide associate studies(GWAS) have been employed to reveal the genetic bases of some important complex agronomic traits in crops,such as kernel,plant height,flowering time and root number in the germination stag... 详细信息

关键词： genome-wide association studies（GWAS） oilseed rape root traits Single Nucleotide Polymorphism（SNP） phosphorus

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Effects of nitrogen addition on the soil detachment in the typical grasslands of the Loess Plateau

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第12期19卷 3503-3516页

作者： LI Pan-pan WANG Bing YANG Yan-fen LIU Guo-bin State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationNorthwest A&F UniversityYangling 712100China State Key Laboratory of Soil Erosion and Dryland Farming on the Loess Plateau Institute of Soil and Water ConservationChinese Academy of Sciences and Ministry of Water ResourcesYangling 712100China

Nitrogen deposition will alleviate the nitrogen limitation in terrestrial ecosystems and greatly affect vegetation growth,thereby soil erosion.It is important to clarify the effects of nitrogen addition to the plant roots and soil properties on the soil erosion process.A nitrogen addition experiment was conducted in the grassland dominated by Bothriochloa ischaemum(Linn.)Keng(BI),which has received 0,2.5,5,and 10 g N m^(-2) yr^(-1)(N_(0),N_(2.5),N_(5)and N_(10),respectively)for three consecutive years.Then,a total of 150 undisturbed soil samples were collected(including bare soil control)and subjected to flowing water to test their soil detachment capacities under six shear stress levels(10.2 Pa to 29.9 Pa).Three-year nitrogen addition increased the soil bulk density,soil cohesion and nitrate nitrogen while decreasing the saturated hydraulic conductivity,soil water-stable aggregates,soil organic carbon,total nitrogen and ammonium nitrogen.The root mass density and root diameter decreased with nitrogen addition.And the root length,surface area and volume density of the N_(0) and N_(5) treatments were larger than those of the other treatments,while the plant roots were significantly inhibited by N_(10).Additionally,the soil detachment capacity(D_(c))and rill erodibility(K_(r))of the N_(0) and N_(5) treatments were significantly less than those of the N_(2.5) and N_(10)treatments,of which the Dc(0.020 kg m^(-2) s^(-1))of the N_(0) treatment was 69.0%,24.3%and 66.8%less than that of the N_(2.5),N_(5) and N_(10) treatments,respectively.The Kr of the N_(0) treatment was 0.0012 s m^(-1),which was 72.1%,25.0%and 70.0%less than that of the others.This study implies that an increase in nitrogen addition likely exacerbates soil erosion in the early(approximately 2.5 g N m^(-2) yr^(-1))and late phases(more than 10 g N m^(-2) yr^(-1)).However,when the nitrogen addition rate is approximately 5 g m^(-2) yr^(-1),soil erosion may be inhibited because of the responses of the plant roots and soil to nitrogen addition.

关键词： Nitrogen deposition root traits Soil properties Soil detachment Grassland Loess Plateau

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Microplastic fiber and drought effects on plants and soil are only slightly modified by arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi

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Soil Ecology Letters 2022年第1期4卷 32-44页

作者： Anika Lehmann Eva FLeifheit Linshan Feng Joana Bergmann Anja Wulf Matthias C.Rillig Freie Universität Berlin Institut für Biologie14195 BerlinGermany Berlin-Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research 14195 BerlinGermany Leibniz Centre for Agricultural Landscape Research(ZALF) 15374 MünchebergGermany

Microplastics are increasingly recognized as a factor of global change. By altering soil inherentproperties and processes, ripple-on effects on plants and their symbionts can be expected.Additionally, interactions with other factors of global change, such as drought, can influence theeffect of microplastics. We designed a greenhouse study to examine effects of polyester microfibers,arbuscular mycorrhizal (AM) fungi and drought on plant, microbial and soil responses. We found thatpolyester microfibers increased the aboveground biomass of Allium cepa under well-watered anddrought conditions, but under drought conditions the AM fungal-only treatment reached the highestbiomass. Colonization with AM fungi increased under microfiber contamination, however, plantbiomass did not increase when both AM fungi and fibers were present. The mean weight diameter ofsoil aggregates increased with AM fungal inoculation overall but decreased when the system wascontaminated with microfibers or drought stressed. Our study adds additional support to themounting evidence that microplastic fibers in soil can affect the plant–soil system by promoting plantgrowth, and favoring key root symbionts, AM fungi. Although soil aggregation is usually positivelyinfluenced by plant roots and AM fungi, and microplastic promotes both, our results show that plasticstill had a negative effect on soil aggregates. Even though there are concerns that microplastic mightinteract with other factors of global change, our study revealed no such effect for drought.

关键词： Arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi Microplastic Soil aggregation Organic matter decomposition Drought root traits

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Co-planted barnyardgrass reduces rice yield by inhibiting plant above-and belowground-growth during post-heading stages

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The Crop Journal 2021年第5期9卷 1198-1207页

作者： Zichang Zhang Jingjing Cao Tao Gu Xia Yang Qiong Peng Lianyang Bai Yongfeng Li Institute of Plant Protection Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural SciencesKey Laboratory of Food Quality and Safety of Jiangsu Province-State Key Laboratory Breeding BaseNanjing 210014JiangsuChina Biotechnology Research Center Hunan Academy of Agricultural SciencesChangsha 410125HunanChina

Barnyardgrass (Echinochloa spp.) is the most common noxious weed in rice paddies as it inhibits rice growth and reduces grain yield.To date,little information is available on above-and belowgroundgrowth changes in rice due to neighboring barnyardgrass.This study aimed to investigate the changes in root traits and shoot growth of rice when it is grown with different kinds of barnyardgrass.Japonica rice plants (var.Nanjing 9108) were co-cultured with two varieties of Echinochloa crusgalli (L.) Beauv.(EP,var.mitis (pursh) Petern;EH,var.zelayensis (H.B.K.) Hitchc),and E.colonum (L.) Link (EL) in the field in 2017 and 2018.Four treatments included control (i.e.,weed free rice plants) and co-cultures with each of three barnyardgrasses (EP,EH,and EL).The results revealed that EP,EH,and EL treatments significantly reduced rice grain yields by 30.6%–36.2%,42.5%–46.5%,and 10.6%–14.3%,respectively.Shoot growth including shoot dry weight,leaf photosynthetic rate,zeatin (Z) and zeatin riboside (ZR) in grains,and activities of key enzymes involved in sucrose-to-starch conversion in grains and root traits,such as length density,root dry weight,total absorbing surface area,active absorption surface area,oxidation activity,and Z+ZR contents in roots were dramatically reduced during post-heading stages of rice when grown with the three kinds of barnyardgrass.Moreover,above-mentioned rice shoot growth indices were strongly and positively correlated with root traits.These results suggested the decrease in rice shoot growth and root traits during post-heading stages contributes to the reduction in the rice yield when it grows with barnyardgrass neighbors.

关键词： Rice Barnyardgrass Grain yield root traits Shoot traits

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