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An exploratory study on road tunnel with semi-transparent photovoltaic canopy-From energy saving and fire safety perspectives

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Building Simulation 2022年第4期15卷 537-548页

作者： Dahai Qi Senwen Yang Chang Shu Xin Zhang Liangzhu(Leon)Wang Andreas Athienitis Department of Civil and Building Engineering Universite de Sherbrooke2500boul.de I'UniversiteSherbrookeQuebec J1K2R1Canada Centre for Zero Energy Building Studies Department of BuildingCivil and Environmental EngineeringConcordia University1455 de Maisonneuve Blvd.WestMontrealQuebec H3G 1M8Canada

road tunnels consume a large amount of energy,especially in the Canadian cold climate,where the roads are heated electrically or deicing during the winter.For a more sustainable and resilient road tunnel energy system,we conducted an exploratory study on installing a semi-transparent photovoltaic(STPV)canopy at the entrances and exits of a tunnel under a river.The proposed system generates solar-powered electricity,improves thermal and visual conditions,and reduces energy loads.In this study,field measurements of road surface temperature and air temperature were conducted,and numerical simulations with and without STPV were performed to study air and road surface temperatures under different traffic speeds.The field measurements show the road surface temperatures are higher than the air temperature on average.The interior air and road surface temperature were measured to be above 0°C,even though the outdoor temperature is far below 0°C,thus significantly reducing the need for deicing in winter using salts.The simulations show that the air and surface temperatures elevate due to the solar transmission heat through the STPV canopy,thus reducing deicing energy consumption significantly.The fire safety analysis also showed that the proposed system's top opening should be located near the tunnel entrance instead of the canopy entrance for better smoke exhaust during a fire.

关键词： STPV road tunnel fire safety energy efficiency cold climate

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THE TRANSIENT AERODYNAMIC CHARACTERISTICS AROUND VANS RUNNING INTO A road tunnel

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Journal of Hydrodynamics 2010年第2期22卷 283-288页

作者： LI Li DU Guang-sheng LIU Zheng-gang LEI Li School of Energy and Power Engineering Shandong University Jinan 250061 China

In this article,the processes of vans running into a one-way two-lane road tunnel are simulated numerically using the dynamic mesh technique and RNG k ？ ε turbulence model.The transient aerodynamic characteristics around vans are obtained in three cases：a single van,two vans side-by-side and two vans one after another running into the tunnel,respectively.Through a comparison with the results of the wind tunnel experiment,the transient simulation method is verified.The results show that,when a van runs into the tunnel,the aerodynamic drag coefficient increases near the tunnel entrance,and after entering the tunnel,the side force is generated,pointing to the tunnel wall nearer to the van.When two vans run into the tunnel side-by-side,their drag coefficients increase by 50%,and the side force varies sharply with directions changing twice near the tunnel entrance.When two vans run into tunnel one after another,the aerodynamic characteristics around the van in the front is similar to that of a single van,but the aerodynamic forces on the van behind do not have obvious change.Among the three cases,the aerodynamic forces have a sharp change when two vans run side-by-side,so driving side-by-side into a tunnel should be avoided for safety.

关键词： dynamic mesh technique transient aerodynamic characteristic road tunnel

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Supporting decision-making processes for selecting fire safety measures for road tunnels

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2022年第3期9卷 473-489页

作者： Panagiotis Ntzeremes Konstantinos Kirytopoulos School of Mechanical Engineering National Technical University of AthensAthens 10682Greece

Selecting fires safety measures for road tunnels relies mainly on strict regulatory requirements. However, the choice should also be based on many different criteria and ranking of alternatives should take place. Existing methods exhibit lack in dealing rigorously with measures’ selection amongst different alternatives. This paper contributes to the body of knowledge by proposing a novel method, named EVADE, which aims to incorporate diverse stakeholders’ views and provide a meaningful ranking of alternatives.To do so, it estimates the tunnel level of safety taking into account only any standard measures existing. Subsequently, the performance of additional measures is examined.Then, a list of the most significant criteria that are valuable to judge the appropriateness of selected measures is introduced. The relative importance amongst the decision criteria is calculated through the Analytic Hierarchy Process, based on the expert opinion. Sensitivity analysis through Monte Carlo simulation is embedded to allow for a meaningful prioritization of the decision criteria. Thus, the alternatives’ ranking comes as a distribution instead of a single number, providing the decision-maker richer information for selecting the most suitable measure(s) according to the specific tunnel situation. At last, a typical tunnel is examined to showcase the utilization of the method.

关键词： road tunnel Critical infrastructure Decision-making Quantitative-risk-assessment

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Connection of the prefabricated updeck of road tunnels by a short lap-spliced joint using ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete

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结构与土木工程前沿:英文版 2023年第6期17卷 870-883页

作者： Hui WANG Yong YUAN Junnan QIU Yuan XUE Guangzhou XIE Qian CHENG Yuanchao DING Qing AI School of Naval Architecture Ocean and Civil EngineeringShanghai Jiao Tong UniversityShanghai200240China College of Civil Engineering Tongji UniversityShanghai200092China Shanghai Chengtou Highway Group Co. Ltd.Shanghai200336China Shanghai Shentong Metro Group Co. Ltd.Shanghai201103China

Prefabricated internal structures of road tunnels,consisting of precast elements and the connections between them,provide advantages in terms of quality control and manufacturing costs.However,the limited construction space in tunnels creates challenges for on-site assembly.To identify feasible connecting joints,flexural tests of precast straight beams connected by welding-spliced or lap-spliced reinforcements embedded in normal concrete or ultra-high-performance fiber-reinforced concrete(UHPFRC)are first performed and analyzed.With an improvement in the strength grade of the closure concrete for the lap-spliced joint,the failure of the beam transforms from a brittle splitting mode to a ductile flexural mode.The beam connected by UHPFRC100 with short lap-spliced reinforcements can achieve almost equivalent mechanical performance in terms of the bearing capacity,ductility,and stiffness as the beam connected by normal concrete with welding-spliced reinforcements.This favorable solution is then applied to the connection of neighboring updeck slabs resting on columns in a double-deck tunnel.The applicability is validated by flexural tests of T-shaped joints,which,fail in a ductile fashion dominated by the ultimate bearing capacity of the precast elements,similar to the corresponding straight beam.The utilization of UHPFRC significantly reduces the required lap-splice length of reinforcements owing to its strong bonding strength.

关键词： UHPFRC prefabricated updeck road tunnel lap-spliced rebars flexural tests

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Evaluating Market Benefits of Transportation tunnels—The Carmel tunnels as a Case Study

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Journal of Environmental Protection 2016年第10期7卷 1259-1272页

作者： Ofira Ayalon Lior Shmueli Shiri Freund Koren Maayan Zion Zerbib Department of Natural Resources & Environmental Management Faculty of Management University of Haifa Haifa Israel Samuel Neaman Institute Technion Haifa Israel EcoFinance-Consulting & Responsible Investments Ramat Gan Israel

Since opening in 2010, The Carmel tunnels have redirected some of the traffic from within the City of Haifa in Israel. This paper studies the direct and indirect financial and environmental benefits of the Carmel tunnels compared to alternative routes. Di-rect benefits for drivers include financial savings thanks to savings on time and gas. Indirect benefits for drivers and for the public include reduced air pollution, green-house gas emissions and noise. Results show significant positive benefits from using the Carmel tunnels compared to various alternative routes (i.e., reference scenarios). During peak hours (8 am and 4 pm), when there is heavy traffic on the alternative routes, the total benefits increase by about 25% - 47%. Using tunnels for transportation allows, among other benefits, efficient use of underground land, redirecting traffic congestion from town centers, decreasing landscape damage due to major roads passing through open spaces, and reducing air pollution in residential areas.

关键词： road tunnel Traffic Air Pollution Traffic Noise Alternative Routes

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