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RAD-seq data reveals robust phylogeny and morphological evolutionary history of rhododendron

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Horticultural Plant Journal 2024年第3期10卷 866-878页

作者： Yuanting Shen Gang Yao Yunfei Li Xiaoling Tian Shiming Li Nian Wang Chengjun Zhang Fei Wang Yongpeng Ma Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Beijing Genomics of Institute ShenzhenGuangdong 518120China Guiyang Institute of Humanities and Technology GuiyangGuizhou 550025China State Forestry and Grassland Administration Key Laboratory of Silviculture in Downstream Areas of the Yellow River College of ForestryShandong Agricultural UniversityTai'anShandong 271018China The Southwest China of Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China West China Subalpine Botanical Garden Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesChengduSichuan 611834China

rhododendron is famous for its high ornamental ***,the genus is taxonomically difficult and the relationships within rhododendron remain *** addition,the origin of key morphological characters with high horticulture value need to be *** problems largely hinder utilization of germplasm *** studies attempted to disentangle the phylogeny of rhododendron,but only used a few genomic markers and lacked large-scale sampling,resulting in low clade support and contradictory phylogenetic ***,we used restriction-site associated DNA sequencing(RAD-seq)data and morphological traits for 144 species of rhododendron,representing all subgenera and most sections and subsections of this species-rich genus,to decipher its intricate evolutionary history and reconstruct ancestral *** results revealed high resolutions at subgenera and section levels of rhododendron based on RAD-seq *** optimal phylogenetic tree and split tree recovered five lineages among ***(cladeⅠ)formed the basal *** and Azaleastrum formed cladeⅡand had sister ***Ⅲincluded all scaly rhododendron ***(cladeⅣ)formed a sister group to ***(cladeⅤ).The results of ancestral state reconstruction showed that rhododendron ancestor was a deciduous woody plant with terminal inflorescence,ten stamens,leaf blade without scales and broadly funnelform corolla with pink or purple *** study shows significant distinguishability to resolve the evolutionary history of rhododendron based on high clade support of phylogenetic tree constructed by RAD-seq *** also provides an example to resolve discordant signals in phylogenetic trees and demonstrates the application feasibility of RAD-seq with large amounts of missing data in deciphering intricate evolutionary ***,the reconstructed ancestral state of six important characters provides insights into the inn

关键词： rhododendron RAD-seq Missing data Quartet sampling(QS) Ancestral state reconstruction

rhododendron kuomeianum(Ericaceae),a new species from northeastern Yunnan(China),based on morphological and genomic data

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Plant Diversity 2021年第4期43卷 292-298页

作者： Yu-Hang Chang Gang Yao Jens Neilsen De-Tuan Liu Lu Zhang Yong-Peng Ma Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Chinese Academy of SciencesKunmingYunnan 650201China Dobbies Garden Centre UK-DD2 PerthScotlandUK Flower Research Institute Yunnan Academy of Agricultural SciencesKunmingYunnan 650051China

rhododendron kuomeianum ***,***&***,a new species of rhododendron(Ericaceae)within *** in *** from Yiliang County,NE Yunnan,China,is described and *** new species is similar to ***,but it can be easily distinguished by its sparse scales on the abaxial surface of the leaf blade,fewer flowers per inflorescence and white corolla with pale red *** are also differences in the widths of calyx lobes,leaf blade shape and indumentum characteristics of the petiole between the new species and rhododendron *** confirmed that *** is a new species closely related to *** and *** with phylogenomic studies of 10 species within this subsection based on restriction site-associated DNA sequencing(RADseq)*** phylogenomic analyses also clarified additional taxonomic problems in this subsection previously raised by morphological *** findings make a strong case for using next-generation sequencing to explore phylogenetic relationships and identify new species,especially in plants groups with complicated taxonomic problems.

关键词： rhododendron New species RAD-seq Phylogenetic position

rhododendron Molle(Ericaceae):phytochemistry,pharmacology,and toxicology

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Chinese Journal of Natural Medicines 2018年第6期16卷 401-410页

作者： CAI Yong-Qing HU Jian-Hui QIN Jie SUN Tao LI Xiao-Li Department of Pharmacy Institute of Surgery ResearchDaping HospitalThird Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400042China Student Brigade Ten Team Second Military Medical UniversityShanghai 200433China Student Eleven Camp Third Military Medical UniversityChongqing 400038China College of Pharmacy Chengdu University of Traditional Chinese MedicineChengdu 611137China College of Pharmacy Chongqing Medical UniversityChongqing 400016China Chongqing Key Laboratory of Drug Metabolism Chongqing 400016China

rhododendron molle G. Don, belonging to the Ericaceae family, is a traditional Chinese medicinal plant with a wide spectrum of pharmacological effects. This paper aimed to review the phytochemistry, pharmacology and toxicology of R. molle, and to discuss the tendency of future investigations on this plant. A systematic review of literature about R. molle was carried out using resources including classic books about Chinese herbal medicine, and scientific data bases including CNKI, Pubmed, Sci Finder, Scopus, and Web of Science. Over 67 compounds, including diterpenes, triterpenes, flavonoids, and lignans, had been extracted and identified from R. molle. The extracts/monomers isolated from the root, flower and fruits of this plant were used as effective agents for treating pains, inflammatory diseases, hypertension, and pest, etc. In addition, diterpenes, such as rhodojaponin III, were considered as the toxic agents associated with the toxicities of this plant. These findings will be significant for the discovery of new drugs from this plant and full utilization of R. molle.

关键词： rhododendron molle Phytochemistry Pharmacology Toxicology

Pervasive hybridization during evolutionary radiation of rhododendron subgenus Hymenanthes in mountains of southwest China

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National Science Review 2022年第12期9卷 50-60页

作者： Yazhen Ma Xingxing Mao Ji Wang Lei Zhang Yuanzhong Jiang Yuying Geng Tao Ma Liming Cai Shuangquan Huang Pete Hollingsworth Kangshan Mao Minghui Kang Yiling Li Wenlu Yang Haolin Wu Yang Chen Charles C.Davis Nawal Shrestha Richard H.Ree Zhenxiang Xi Quanjun Hu Richard I.Milne Jianquan Liu Key Laboratory for Bio-Resource and Eco-Environment of Ministry of Education College of Life SciencesSichuan University State Key Laboratory of Grassland Agro-ecosystem College of EcologyLanzhou University Department of Organismic and Evolutionary Biology and Harvard University Herbaria Harvard University Institute of Evolution and Ecology School of Life SciencesCentral China Normal University Royal Botanic Garden Edinburgh Negaunee Integrative Research Center Field Museum Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences The University of Edinburgh

Radiations are especially important for generating species biodiversity in mountainous *** contribution of hybridization to such radiations has rarely been ***,we use extensive genomic data to test whether hybridization was involved in evolutionary radiation within rhododendron subgenus Hymenanthes,whose members show strong geographic isolation in the mountains of southwest *** sequenced genomes for 143 species of this subgenus and 93 species of four other subgenera,and found that Hymenanthes was monophyletic and radiated during the late Oligocene to middle *** hybridization events were inferred within and between the identified clades and *** suggests that hybridization occurred both early and late during diversification of subgenus Hymenan thes,although the extent to which hybridization,speciation through mixing-isolation-mixing or hybrid speciation,accelerated the diversification needs further *** of isolation and contact in such and other montane ecosystems may have together promoted species radiation through hybridization between diverging populations and *** radiation processes may apply to other montane floras in this region and elsewhere.

关键词： evolutionary radiation hybridization rhododendron subgenus Hymenanthes montane flora

Incomplete reproductive isolation between rhododendron taxa enables hybrid formation and persistence

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2019年第4期61卷 433-448页

作者： Li-Jun Yan Kevin S.Burgess Wei Zheng Zhi-Bin Tao De-Zhu Li Lian-Ming Gao Key Laboratory for Plant Diversity and Biogeography of East Asia Kunming Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Germplasm Bank of Wild Species Kunming Institute of Botany the Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming College of Life Science University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences College of Vocational and Technical Education Yunnan Normal University Department of Biology College of Letters & Sciences Columbus State University University System of Georgia

The evolutionary consequences of hybridization ultimately depend on the magnitude of reproductive isolation between hybrids and their parents. We evaluated the relative contributions of pre-and post-zygotic barriers to reproduction for hybrid formation, hybrid persistence and potential for reproductive isolation of hybrids formed between two rhododendron species,R. spiciferum and R. spinuliferum. Our study established that incomplete reproductive isolation promotes hybrid formation and persistence and delays hybrid *** pre-zygotic barriers to reproduction leading to hybrid formation are incomplete: parental species have overlapping flowering; they share the same pollinators;reciprocal assessments of pollen tube germination and growth do not differ among parents. The absence of post-zygotic barriers between parental taxa indicates that the persistence of hybrids is likely. Reproductive isolation was incomplete between hybrids and parents in all cases studied, although asymmetric differences in reproductive fitness were prevalent and possibly explain the genetic structure of natural hybrid swarms where hybridization is known to be bidirectional but asymmetric. Introgression, rather than speciation, is a probable evolutionary outcome of hybridization between the two rhododendron taxa. Our study provides insights into understanding the evolutionary implications of natural hybridization in woody plants.

关键词： Incomplete reproductive isolation rhododendron taxa

Diversity of root-associated fungi of rhododendron simsii in subtropical forests: fungal communities with high resistance to anthropogenic disturbances

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Journal of Forestry Research 2019年第6期30卷 2321-2330页

作者： Yanhua Zhang Fangping Tang Jian Ni Lijia Dong Lifu Sun College of Life Sciences Shaoxing University

Species of the Ericaceae or heath family are widely distribute in continental ecosystems and their special ericoid mycorrhizas(ERM)are considered benefi cial to their survival and persistence in variable ***,increasing anthropogenic disturbances and improper forest management are aff ecting subtropical forests of China where these native species *** activities not only aff ect plant communities above-ground,but also impose pressures on microbial communities *** this study,rootassociated fungal communities of rhododendron simsii in four forest types under diff erent anthropogenic disturbances were identifi ed using an Illumina Miseq platform,i.e.,old growth forests,secondary forests with one cutting(SECⅠ),secondary forests with two cuttings(SECⅡ),and Chinesefi r plantations(PLF).Intra-and inter-annual variations were analyzed by comparing samples taken in diff erent seasons and *** results show that:(1)over 1000 OTUs were found in hair roots with most from the division Ascomycota and Basidiomycota belonging to diff erent functional groups;(2)while there were a few indicator OTUs specifi c to diff erent forest types,seasons and years,the proportion of shared taxa was quite large,accounting for 44.9–79.4%of the total OTUs;(3)signifi cantly positive correlations were found between disturbance sensitivity and temporal variations in common fungal orders,and both in major fungal orders were signifi cantly diff erent among fungal functional groups in which putative and possible ERM fungi were highly resistant to disturbances and low temporal *** high disturbance resistance and temporal persistence of putative ERM fungi may be essential for the successful adaptation of *** in disturbed subtropical forests of China.

关键词： rhododendron simsii Mycorrhiza Fungal community Diversity Subtropical forests Human disturbance

Does the critically endangered rhododendron amesiae deserve top priority for conservation?

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Plant Diversity 2022年第6期44卷 625-628页

作者： Yi-Shan Ao Yu-Hang Chang De-Tuan Liu Yong-Bo Liu Yong-Peng Ma Yunnan Key Laboratory for Integrative Conservation of Plant Species with Extremely Small Populations Kunming Institute of BotanyChinese Academy of SciencesKunming650201China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing100012China

The genus rhododendron is the largest genus of woody plants in China,having extremely important horticultural value(Chamberlain et al.,1996).However,efforts have only recently been made to assess the conservation status of the *** to conservation category assessments on the Red List of rhododendrons(Gibbs et al.,2011)and the Threatened Species List of China's Higher Plants(Qin et al.,2017),32.03%and 17.13%of rhododendrons are evaluated to be threatened.

关键词： rhododendron endangered Species

Changes in regeneration and leaf traits of rhododendron campanulatum along a treeline ecotone in central Nepal

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第3期17卷 602-613页

作者： SHARMA Prasad Krishna TIWARI Achyut SHRESTHA Babu Bharat Central Department of Botany Tribhuvan UniversityKathmandu44613Nepal Budhanilkantha School Kathmandu44622Nepal

Changes in population structure and plant functional traits across environmental gradient in the near natural treeline is a critical determinant of environmental changes in treelines. In this study we analyzed population characteristics and leaf traits of rhododendron campanulatum across treeline ecotone in a trans-Himalayan region of Mustang district in central Nepal. Along 4 vertical transects, a total of 72 quadrats(5 m × 5 m)-34 above Betula utilis treeline and 38 below treeline-were sampled to analyze the population structure, regeneration,specific leaf area(SLA) and leaf-stem relationship of R. campanulatum. Our results showed that the regeneration of R. campanulatum was fairly good in both habitats, as evident from density-diameter *** species showed type Ⅲ survivorship curve in both habitats with the highest mortality during early stage of life. However, the seedling density and mortality was higher below treeline than above treeline. Canopy cover and basal cover were found to be the major factors affecting regeneration, as indicated by higher number of juveniles in relatively open areas above treeline. The total leaf area increased(p <0.001) with stem cross-section area in both habitats. However, the SLA was higher below treeline(55 cm^2/g) than above(47 cm^2/g)(p < 0.001);it also increased with the canopy cover of trees(R^2 =0.59, p <0.001) below the treeline. In conclusion,high density of juvenile, low mortality of seedlings,and low SLA above treeline indicated that the species has successfully adapted in climatically stressful alpine habitat with potential to expand upward.

关键词： rhododendron Climate change Life table Mortality Specific leaf area Mustang district

Structural characterization of four rhododendron *** genomes and comparative analyses with other azaleas

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BIOCELL 2023年第3期47卷 657-668页

作者： XIAOJUN ZHOU MENGXUE LIU LINLIN SONG Life Science College Luoyang Normal UniversityLuoyang471934China College of Life Science and Technology Henan Institute of Science and TechnologyXinxiang453003China

Azalea is a general designation of rhododendron in the Ericaceae *** not only has high ornamental value but also has application value in ecological protection,medicine,and scientific *** this study,we used Illumina and PacBio sequencing to assemble and annotate the entire chloroplast genomes(cp genomes)of four rhododendron *** chloroplast genomes of ***,*** ***,***,and *** were assembled into 207,236,208,015,207,233,and 206,912 bp,*** chloroplast genomes contain eight rRNA genes,with either 88 or 89 protein-coding *** four cp genomes were compared and analyzed by bioinformatics,and the phylogenetic analysis based on chloroplast genomes of 26 species of Ericaceae,Actinidiaceae,and Primulaceae under Ericales was conducted.A comparison of the linear structure of cp genomes of four rhododendron showed that there were substantial sequence similarities in coding regions,but high differences in non-coding regions.A phylogenetic analysis,based on chloroplast whole genome sequences,showed that all rhododendron species are in the clade *** study provides valuable genetic information for the study of population genetics and evolutionary relationships in rhododendron and other azalea species.

关键词： rhododendron Comparative analysis Repeat sequences Phylogeny