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replication of LZTFL1 Gene Region as a Susceptibility Locus for COVID-19 in Latvian Population

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Virologica Sinica 2021年第5期36卷 1241-1244页

作者： Raimonds Rescenko Raitis Peculis Monta Briviba Laura Ansone Anna Terentjeva Helena Daiga Litvina Liga Birzniece Kaspars Megnis Oksana Kolesova Baiba Rozentale Ludmila Viksna Vita Rovite Janis Klovins Latvian Biomedical Research and Study Centre Riga 1067Latvia Riga Stradins University Riga 1007Latvia

Dear Editor,Clinical outcomes of SARS-CoV-2 infection are highly heterogeneous,ranging from symptoms-free infection to death of the patient(Park et al.2020).Although the outcome can be explained to some extent by age and comorbidities,genetic factors have also been linked to the prognosis of SARS-CoV-2 infection(Hu et al.2021;Liu et al.2020;Maya et al.2020;Pairo-Castineira et al.2021。

关键词： replication Maya COV

Comparison of the replication and neutralization of different SARS-CoV-2 Omicron subvariants in vitro

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2023年第1期6卷 51-56页

作者： Yaqing Zhang Qi Lv Feifei Qi Fengdi Li Ran Deng Xujian Liang Mingya Liu Yiwei Yan Linlin Bao Beijing Key Laboratory for Animal Models of Emerging and Reemerging Infectious Diseases NHC Key Laboratory of Human Disease Comparative MedicineInstitute of Laboratory Animal SciencesChinese Academy of Medical Sciences&Peking Union Medical CollegeBeijingChina National Center of Technology Innovation for Animal Model BeijingChina

Background:New Omicron subvariants are emerging rapidly from BA.1 to BA.4 and BA.5.Their pathogenicity has changed from that of wild-type(WH-09)and Omicron variants have over time become globally dominant.The spike proteins of BA.4 and BA.5 that serve as the target for vaccine-induced neutralizing antibodies have also changed compared to the previous subvariants,which is likely to cause immune es-cape and the reduction of the protective effect of the vaccine.Our study addresses the above issues and provides a basis for formulating relevant prevention and control strategies.Methods:We collected cellular supernatant and cell lysates and measured the viral titers,viral RNA loads,and E subgenomic RNA(E sgRNA)loads in different Omicron subvariants grown in Vero E6 cells,using WH-09 and Delta variants as a reference.Additionally,we evaluated the in vitro neutralizing activity of different Omicron sub-variants and compared it to the WH-09 and Delta variants using macaque sera with different types of immunity.Results:As the SARS-CoV-2 evolved into Omicron BA.1,the replication ability in vitro began to decrease.Then with the emergence of new subvariants,the replication ability gradually recovered and became stable in the BA.4 and BA.5 subvariants.In WH-09-inactivated vaccine sera,geometric mean titers of neutralization antibodies against different Omicron subvariants declined by 3.7~15.4-fold compared to those against WH-09.In Delta-inactivated vaccine sera,geometric mean titers of neutrali-zation antibodies against Omicron subvariants declined by 3.1~7.4-fold compared to those against Delta.Conclusion:According to the findings of this research,the replication efficiency of all Omicron subvariants declined compared with WH-09 and Delta variants,and was lower in BA.1 than in other Omicron subvariants.After two doses of inactivated(WH-09 or Delta)vaccine,cross-neutralizing activities against various Omicron subvariants were seen despite a decline in neutralizing titers.

关键词： cross-neutralize Omicron replication SARS-CoV-2

replication potentials of HIV-1/HSIV in PBMCs from northern pigtailed macaque （Macaca leonina）

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Zoological Research 2014年第3期35卷 186-195页

作者： Ai-Hua LEI Gao-Hong ZHANG Ren-Rong TIAN Jia-Wu ZHU Hong-Yi ZHENG Wei PANG Yong-Tang ZHENG Key Laboratory of Animal Models and Human Disease Mechanisms of Chinese Academy of Sciences & Yunnan Province Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China Kunming College of Life Sciences University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650204 China University of Science and Technology of China Hefei 230026 China Kunming Primate Research Center Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming 650223 China

The northern pig-tailed macaque （Macaca leonina） has been identified as an independent species of Old World monkey, and we previously found that PBMCs from M. leonina were susceptible to human immunodeficiency virus type 1 （HIV-1）, which may be due to the absence of a TRIM5 protein restricting HIV-1 replication. Here we investigated the infection potentials of six laboratory adapted HIV-1 strains and three primary HIV-1 isolates in PBMCs from M. leonina. The results indicate that these strains are characterized by various but low replication levels, and among which, HIV-INL4-3 shows the highest replication ability. Based on the abundant evidence of species-specific interactions between restriction factors APOBEC3 and HIV/SIV-derived Vif protein, we subsequently examined the replication potentials of v/f-substituted HIV-1 （HSIV） in M. leonina PBMCs. Notably, HSIV-vifmac and stHIV-lsv chimeras, two HIV-1Ni.4-3-derived viruses encoding the viral infectivity factor （Vif） protein from SIVmac239, replicated robustly in cells from M. leonina, which suggests that HSIV could effectively antagonize the antiviral activity of APOBEC3 proteins expressed in cells of M. leonina. Therefore, our data demonstrate that M. leonina has the potential to be developed into a promising animal model for human AIDS.

关键词： HIV-1 HSIV replication PBMC Northern pig-tailed macaque （Macaca leonina）

Premature Stop Codon at Residue 101 within HIV-1 Rev Does Not Influence Viral replication of Clade BC but Severely Reduces Viral Fitness of Clade B

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Virologica Sinica 2020年第2期35卷 181-190页

作者： Zheng Wang Xiaolin Ji Yanling Hao Kunxue Hong Liying Ma Dan Li Yiming Shao State Key Laboratory of Infectious Diseases Prevention and Control Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious DiseasesChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China Division of Research of Virology and Immunology National Center for AIDS/STD Control and PreventionChinese Center for Disease Control and PreventionBeijing 102206China

HIV-1 Rev is an accessory protein that plays a key role in nuclear exportation,stabilization,and translation of the viral mRNAs.Rev of HIV-1 clade BC often shows a truncation of 16 AAs due to a premature stop codon at residue 101.This stop codon presents the highest frequency in clade BC and the lowest frequency in clade B.In order to discover the potential biological effect of this truncation on Rev activity and virus replication of clade BC,we constructed Rev expression vectors of clade BC with or without 16 AAs within C-terminal separately,and replaced the stop codon by Q in a CRF07_BC infectious clone.We found that 16 AAs truncation had no effect on expression and activity of Rev in clade BC.Also,the mutation from the stop codon to Q had no effect on virus replication of clade BC.Next,to investigate the effect of this truncation on Rev activity and replication capacity of clade B,Rev expression vectors of clade B carrying or lacking 16 AAs in C-terminal were constructed respectively,and residue Q at position 101 within Rev was substituted by the stop codon in a clade B infectious clone.It was found that 16 AAs truncation significantly down-regulated Rev expression and impaired clade B Rev activity.Furthermore,a Q-to-stop codon substitution within Rev significantly reduced viral replication fitness of clade B.These results indicate that the premature stop codon at residue 101 within Rev exerts diverse impact on viral replication among different HIV-1 clades.

关键词： HIV-1 CRF_BC Rev Premature stop codon replication

Oxymatrine Inhibits Bocavirus MVC replication, Reduces Viral Gene Expression and Decreases Apoptosis Induced by Viral Infection

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Virologica Sinica 2019年第1期34卷 78-87页

作者： Yanqin Ding Na Li Jinhan Sun Linran Zhang Jianhui Guo Xueqi Hao Yuning Sun Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Key Laboratory of Fertility Preservation and Maintenance of Ministry of EducationSchool of Basic Medical ScienceNingxia Medical University School of Clinical Medicine Hainan Medical University Department of Respiratory and Critical Care General Hospital of Ningxia Medical UniversityNingxia Medical University

Oxymatrine(OMT), as the main active component of Sophoraflavescens, exhibits a variety of pharmacological properties,including anti-oxidative, anti-inflammatory, anti-tumor, and anti-viral activities, and currently is extensively employed to treat viral hepatitis; however, its effects on parvovirus infection have yet to be reported. In the present study, we investigated the effects of OMT on cell viability, virus DNA replication, viral gene expression, cell cycle, and apoptosis in Walter Reed canine cells/3873 D infected with minute virus of canines(MVC). OMT, at concentrations below 4 mmol/L(no cellular toxicity), was found to inhibit MVC DNA replication and reduce viral gene expression at both mRNA and protein levels, which was associated with the inhibition of cell cycle S-phase arrest in early-stage of MVC infection.Furthermore, OMT significantly increased cell viability, decreased MVC-infected cell apoptosis, and reduced the expression of activated caspase 3. Our results suggest that OMT has potential application in combating parvovirus infection.

关键词： Oxymatrine (OMT) Minute virus of canines (MVC) Infection replication Apoptosis

Roles of ANP32 proteins in cell biology and viral replication

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Animal Diseases 2022年第4期2卷 199-212页

作者： Mengmeng Yu Yuxing Qu Haili Zhang Xiaojun Wang State Key Laboratory of Veterinary Biotechnology Harbin Veterinary Research In stituteThe Chinese Academy of Agricultural Scie ncesHarbi n 150069China State Key Laboratory for Zoonotic Diseases Key Laboratory for Zoonosis Research of the Ministry of EducationInstitute of Zoonosisand College ofVeterinary Medicinejlin UniversityChangchun 130062China

The acidic leucine-rich nuclear phosphoprotein 32 kDa(ANP32)family con sists of evolutionarily con served proteins of 220-291 amino acids characterized by an N-terminal leucine-rich repeat domain(LRR)and a C-terminal low-complexity acidic region(LCAR).ANP32 family proteins regulate a variety of physiological functions,including chromatin remodeling apoptosis and nervous system development.Abnormal ANP32 expression is closely related to tumori-genesis.In recent years,the role of ANP32 family proteins in viral infections has received considerable attention due to their activity supporting influenza virus replication and restriction of virus cross-species transmission.Moreover,ANP32 proteins are closely related to the replication of HIV and nonsegmented negative-strand RNA viruses(NNSVs).In this review,the general physiological functions of ANP32 family proteins,as well as their roles in virus replication,are summarized in detail.

关键词： ANP32 ANP32A Physiological process Influenza virus replication Cross-species transmission HIV-1

MicroRNA-135a Modulates Hepatitis C Virus Genome replication through Downregulation of Host Antiviral Factors

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Virologica Sinica 2019年第2期34卷 197-210页

作者： Catherine Sodroski Brianna Lowey Laura Hertz T.Jake Liang Qisheng Li Liver Diseases Branch National Institute of Diabetes and Digestive and Kidney Diseases National Institutes of Health

Cellular microRNAs(miRNAs) have been shown to modulate HCV infection via directly acting on the viral genome or indirectly through targeting the virus-associated host factors. Recently we generated a comprehensive map of HCV–miRNA interactions through genome-wide miRNA functional screens and transcriptomics analyses. Many previously unappreciated cellular miRNAs were identified to be involved in HCV infection, including miR-135a, a human cancerrelated miRNA. In the present study, we investigated the role of miR-135a in regulating HCV life cycle and showed that it preferentially enhances viral genome replication. Bioinformatics-based integrative analyses and subsequent functional assays revealed three antiviral host factors, including receptor interacting serine/threonine kinase 2(RIPK2), myeloid differentiation primary response 88(MYD88), and C-X-C motif chemokine ligand 12(CXCL12), as bona fide targets of miR-135a. These genes have been shown to inhibit HCV infection at the RNA replication stage. Our data demonstrated that repression of key host restriction factors mediated the proviral effect of miR-135a on HCV propagation. In addition,miR-135a hepatic abundance is upregulated by HCV infection in both cultured hepatocytes and human liver, likely mediating a more favorable environment for viral replication and possibly contributing to HCV-induced liver malignancy.These results provide novel insights into HCV–host interactions and unveil molecular pathways linking miRNA biology to HCV pathogenesis.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus (HCV) Genome replication Virus-host interactions miR-135a Antiviral factors

Regulation of Virus replication and T Cell Homeostasis by N^6-Methyladenosine

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Virologica Sinica 2019年第1期34卷 22-29页

作者： Jing Yang Hong Wang Wenyan Zhang Institute of Virology and AIDS Research The First Hospital of Jilin University

RNA modifications are abundant in eukaryotes, bacteria, and archaea. N^6-methyladenosine(m^6A), a type of RNA modification mainly found in messenger RNA(mRNA), has significant effects on the metabolism and function of m RNAs. This modification is governed by three types of proteins, namely methyltransferases as ‘‘writers' ', demethylases as ‘‘erasers' ',and specific m^6A-binding proteins(YTHDF1-3) as ‘‘readers' '. Further, it is important for the regulation of cell fate and has a critical function in many biological processes including virus replication, stem cell differentiation, and cancer development, and exerts its effect by controlling gene expression. Herein, we summarize recent advances in research on m^6A in virus replication and T cell regulation, which is a rapidly emerging field that will facilitate the development of antiviral therapies and the study of innate immunity.

关键词： RNA modification N^6-methyladenosine (m^6A) Virus replication T cell homeostasis

RNA binding protein 24 regulates the translation and replication of hepatitis C virus

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Protein & Cell 2018年第11期9卷 930-944页

作者： Huang Cao Kaitao Zhao Yongxuan Yao Jing Guo Xiaoxiao Gao Qi Yang Min Guo Mengji Lut Xinwen Chen Rongjuan Pei State Key Laboratory of Virology Wuhan Institute of Virology Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430071 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China Department of Infectious Disease University Hospital Essen University of Duisburg-Essen Geb~ude V15 45117 EssenGermany

The secondary structures of hepatitis C virus （HCV） RNA and the cellular proteins that bind to them are important for modulating both translation and RNA replication. However, the sets of RNA-binding proteins involved in the regulation of HCV translation, replication and encapsidation remain unknown. Here, we identified RNA binding motif protein 24 （RBM24） as a host factor par- ticipated in HCV translation and replication. Knockdown of RBM24 reduced HCV propagation in Huh7.5.1 cells. An enhanced translation and delayed RNA synthesis during the early phase of infection was observed in RBM24 silencing cells. However, both overexpression of RBM24 and recombinant human RBM24 protein sup- pressed HCV IRES-mediated translation. Further analy- sis revealed that the assembly of the 80S ribosome on the HCV IRES was interrupted by RBM24 protein through binding to the 5＇-UTR. RBM24 could also inter- act with HCV Core and enhance the interaction of Core and 5＇-UTR, which suppresses the expression of HCV. Moreover, RBM24 enhanced the interaction between the 5＇- and 3＇-UTRs in the HCV genome, which probably explained its requirement in HCV genome replication. Therefore, RBM24 is a novel host factor involved in HCV replication and may function at the switch from trans- lation to replication.

关键词： RNA binding protein RBM24 hepatitis Cvirus translation replication