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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2023年第10期62卷 11-20页

作者： Zhihao Zhang Danyang Song Hengxing Bao Xiang Ling Xiaogang Jin School of Mechanical and Power Engineering Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211816China

The Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO thermochemical energy storage(TCES)system based on calcium looping has received extensive attention owing to its high energy storage density,prolonged energy storage time,and environmental friendliness.The heat storage process of the Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO TCES system in a mixed heating reactor was evaluated in this study,by employing a combination of direct and indirect heating modes.The dehydration process was studied experimentally,and a numerical model was established and verified based on the experimental results.The dehydration behavior of 500 g of Ca(OH)_(2) powder was investigated in a fixed-bed reactor with mixed heating.The experimental and simulation results indicated that mixed heating causes combined centripetal and horizontal propulsion.Heat input is the main limiting factor in the heat storage process,because the radial advance of the reaction is hindered by the low thermal conductivity of the solid reactant particles.Heat transmission partitions were added to enhance the performance of the reactor.The performance of the modified reactor was compared with that of a conventional reactor.The radial heat transmission partitions in the modified reactor effectively enhance the energy storage rate and reduce the reaction time by 59.5%compared with the reactor without partitions.

关键词： Thermochemical energy storage reactor Ca(OH)_(2)/CaO Dehydration Experiment research Numerical simulation

Performance of the hybrid growth sequencing batch reactor(HG-SBR) for biodegradation of phenol under various toxicity conditions

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第1期31卷 64-72页

作者： NikAthirah Yusoff Soon-An Ong Li-Ngee Ho Yee-Shian Wong Farah Naemah Mohd Saad WanFadhilah Khalik Sin-Li Lee School of Environmental Engineering University Malaysia Perlis School of Materials Engineering University Malaysia Perlis

Hybrid growth microorganisms in sequencing batch reactors have proven effective for treating the toxic compound phenol, but the toxicity effect under different toxicity conditions has rarely been discussed. Therefore, the performance of the HG-SBR under toxic, acute and chronic organic loading can provide the overall operating conditions of the system. Toxic organic loading(TOL) was monitored during the first 7 hr while introducing50 mg/L phenol to the system. The system was adversely affected with the sudden introduction of phenol to the virgin activated sludge, which caused a low degradation rate and high dissolved oxygen consumption during TOL. Acute organic loading(AOL) had significant effects at high phenol concentrations(600, 800 1000 mg/L). The specific oxygen uptake rate(SOUR) gradually decreased to 4.9 mg O_2/(g MLVSS·hr) at 1000 mg/L of phenol compared to 12.74 mg O_2/(g MLVSS·hr) for 200 mg/L of phenol. The HG-SBR was further monitored during chronic organic loading(COL) over 67 days. The effects of organic loading were more apparent at 800 mg/L and 1000 mg/L phenol concentrations, as the removal range was between 22%–30% and 18%–46% respectively, which indicated the severe effects of COL.

关键词： Toxic organic loading Acute organic loading Chronic organic loading Phenol Sequencing batch reactor

The key role of inoculated sludge in fast start-up of sequencing batch reactor for the domestication of aerobic granular sludge

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第4期31卷 127-136页

作者： Xiao-chun Wang Zhong-lin Chen Jing Kang Xia Zhao Ji-min Shen Liu Yang State Key Laboratory of Urban Water Resource and Environment School of EnvironmentHarbin Institute of Technology College of Petrochemical Technology Lanzhou University of Technology

Two types of inoculated sludges, granular sludge that had been stored at-20°C and activated sludge, were investigated for the domestication of aerobic granular sludges(AGSs in sequencing batch reactors(SBRs). The results showed that using the stored granular sludge as inoculation sludge could effectively shorten the domestication time of AGS and yielded mature granular sludge after 22 days of operation. The AGS domesticated by stored granular sludge had better biomass and sedimentation properties; its MLSS and SVI reached8.55 g/L and 35.27 mL/g, respectively. The removal efficiencies for chemical oxygen demand(COD), ammonium nitrogen(NH_4^+-N) and total phosphorus(TP) reached 90.76%, 97.39% and 96.40%, respectively. By contrast, 54 days were needed to obtain mature granules using activated sludge. The microbial community structure was probed by using scanning electron microscopy(SEM) and high-throughput sequencing. The results showed that the diversity of the microbial community in mature granules was reduced when stored granular sludge rather than activated sludge was employed as inoculation sludge, and the dominant microbes were changed. The dominant species in mature granules domesticated using stored granular sludge were Zoogloea, Acidovorax and Tolumonas at the genus classification level, while the dominant species were Zoogloea and TM7-genera in granules developed from activated sludge.

关键词： Aerobic granular sludge Microbial community Sequencing batch reactor Stored granular sludge

Biodegradation of high concentration phenol containing heavy metal ions by functional biofilm in bioelectro-reactor

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2006年第4期18卷 639-643页

作者： LI Xin-gang WANG Tao SUN Jin-sheng HUANG Xin KONG Xiao-song National Engineering Research Centre for Distillation Technology College of Chemical Engineering and Tecl~nology Tianjin University Tianjin300072 China

Functional microorganisms to high concentration phenol containing Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ were cultured and biofilm was formed on polypropylene packings in bioelectro-reactor. It was found that the biodegradation capability of such biofilm to phenol changed with the applied voltage. Under the optimal electric field conditions （voltage of 3.0 V, electric field of strength 17.7 V/m and current density of 1.98 A/m2）, biodegradation efficiency of phenol aof concentration of 1200 mg/L increased 33% compared to the instance without applying electric field. However, voltage had inverse effect on biodegradation, as microorganisms were killed under strong electric field. Voltage had little effect on heavy ions elimination. Higher absorption rate of Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ was observed when changing pH fi＇om acidic to neutral. The experiment results indicated that, after treatment, 10 L phenol of 2400 mg/L was biodegraded completely within 55 h and concentrations of Cr^6＋ and Pb^2＋ dropped to less than 1 mg/L within 12 h and 6 h, fi＇om initial values of 50 mg/L and 30 mg/L, respectively.

关键词： biofilm biodegradation phenol heavy ions electric field reactor

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基于高粘度介质对气液两相混合的数值模拟

Biomaterials as carrier, barrier and reactor for cell-based regenerative medicine

建模与仿真 2024年第2期13卷 1223-1235页

作者：任恒宇叶立张凤时安宁吕文静上海理工大学能源与动力工程学院，上海

为了探究高粘度介质在泰勒涡釜式搅拌反应器内的气液流动与混合特性，采用数值模拟与实验相结合的方法，通过对比分析在不同介质下，反应器内泰勒涡流对流场、气含率及速度分布的影响。结果表明：在低粘度介质的流场内，能在250 rpm转... 详细信息

为了探究高粘度介质在泰勒涡釜式搅拌反应器内的气液流动与混合特性，采用数值模拟与实验相结合的方法，通过对比分析在不同介质下，反应器内泰勒涡流对流场、气含率及速度分布的影响。结果表明：在低粘度介质的流场内，能在250 rpm转速下，快速地形成满涡泰勒涡，泰勒涡能促进气相均布性，同时增强气液相间传质，但容易失稳，满涡结构仅能在较窄的转速范围内维持稳定；在高粘度介质的流场内，在550 rpm转速下形成的满涡泰勒涡胞具有数量多、分布均匀、大小相似、形状规则等特点，能够抑制气液相间传质，且满涡结构能够在较宽的转速范围内维持稳定，同时使轴向上的速度出现分层分级现象，具有类似正弦的周期性变化规律，不同高度径向上的速度均匀性提升20.5%，增强了反应器内的流动稳定性。研究结果为高粘度介质在泰勒涡釜式搅拌反应器内的工业应用提供了理论基础。

关键词：高粘度介质气液两相流泰勒涡反应器流体动力学 High Viscosity Medium Gas-Liquid Two-Phase Flow Taylor Vortex reactor Fluid Dynamics

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Protein & Cell 2015年第9期6卷 638-653页

作者： Chunxiao Qi Xiaojun Yan Chenyu Huang Alexander Melerzanov Yanan Du Department of Biomedical Engineering School of Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Collaborative Innovation Center for Diagnosis and Treatment of Infectious Diseases Hangzhou 310003 China Department of Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital. Medical CenterTsinghua University Beijing 102218 China Cellular and Molecular Technologies Laboratory MIPT Dolgoprudny 141701 Russia

Cell therapy has achieved tremendous success in regenerative medicine in the past several decades. However, challenges such as cell loss, death and immune-rejection after transplantation still persist. Bio- materials have been designed as carriers to deliver cells to desirable region for local tissue regeneration; as barriers to protect transplanted cells from host immune attack; or as reactors to stimulate host cell recruitment, homing and differentiation. With the assistance of bio- materials, improvement in treatment efficiency has been demonstrated in numerous animal models of degener- ative diseases compared with routine free cell-based therapy. Emerging clinical applications of biomaterial assisted cell therapies further highlight their great pro- mise in regenerative therapy and even cure for complex diseases, which have been failed to realize by conven- tional therapeutic approaches.

关键词： carrier barrier reactor biomaterial-assisted therapy regenerative medicine

Biomass torrefaction in a slot-rectangular spouted bed reactor

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Particuology 2019年第1期17卷 154-162页

作者： Ziliang Wang C. Jim Lim John R. Grace Department of Chemical and Biological Engineering. University of British Columbia Vancouver. Canada

Sawdust was subjected to torrefaction in a "semi-batch" slot-rectangular spouted bed (SRSB) reactor at temperatures from 240 to 330℃ and biomass feed rates from 220 to 710g/h.Stable spouting of the sawdust was achieved in the slot-rectangular spouted bed,although the pressure drop across the reactor was observed to oscillate.Compared to the biomass feed rate,the temperature had a greater effect on the biomass weight loss and energy yield.Increases in temperature were found to promote weight loss of the sawdust while decreasing the energy yield.The main solid product was the torrefied sawdust,which remained in the SRSB reactor and was captured by a cyclone.The ratio of the torrefied biomass removed by the cyclone to the total torrefied biomass increased along with both the feed rate and temperature.After undergoing torrefaction,6.7%-39.2% of the original sawdust mass was lost while 67.4%-98.7% of its energy was retained.The torrefied sawdust had a higher carbon content but less oxygen,hydrogen and volatiles,along with a greater higher heating value and increased density compared to the raw sawdust.The size of the sawdust particles also decreased markedly during the torrefaction process.

关键词： Torrefaction Slot-rectangular spouted bed reactor Temperature Biomass feed rate Torrefied sawdust property

Microstructure and stress corrosion cracking of a SA508-309L/308L-316L dissimilar metal weld joint in primary pressurized water reactor environment

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Journal of Materials Science & Technology 2020年第5期40卷 1-14页

作者： Lijin Dong Cheng Ma Qunjia Peng En-Hou Han Wei Ke Key Laboratory of Nuclear Materials and Safety Assessment Institute of Metal ResearchChinese Academy of SciencesShenyang110016China School of Materials and Engineering Southwest Petroleum UniversityChengdu610500China

Stress corrosion cracking(SCC) of an SA508-309 L/308 L–316 L dissimilar metal weld joint in primary pressurized water reactor environment was investigated by the interrupted slow strain rate tension tests following a microstructure characterization. The 308 L weld metal shows a higher content of δ ferrite than the 309 L weld metal. In addition, no obvious Cr-depletion but carbides precipitation at δ phase boundaries was observed in both 308 L and 309 L weld metals. The slow strain rate tension tests showed that the SCC susceptibility of the base and weld metals of the dissimilar metal weld joint follows the order of SA508 < 308 L weld metal < the heat affected zone of 316 L base metal < 309 L weld metal.The higher SCC susceptibility of 309 L weld metal than that of 308 L weld metal is likely due to the lower content of δ ferrite. In addition, a preferential SCC initiation in the 309 L weld metal adjacent to 308 L weld metal is attributed to few carbides in this region.

关键词： Dissimilar metal weld joint Stress corrosion cracking Microstructure Primary pressurized water reactor environment Slow strain rate tension

Optimization of the fuel rod＇s arrangement cooled by turbulentnanofluids flow in pressurized water reactor (PWR)

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Chinese Journal of Chemical Engineering 2017年第6期25卷 722-731页

作者： M. Hatami MJ.Z. Ganfi I. Sohrabiasl D. Jing International Research Center for Renewable Energy State Key Laboratory of Multiphase Flow in Power Engineering Xi'anJiaotong University Xi'an 710049 China Department of Mechanical Engineering Esfarayen University of Technology Esfarayen North Khorasan lran Department of Renewable Energies Engineering Faculty of New Sdences & Technologies University of Tehran Tehran lran Department of Mechanical Engineering Babol University of Technology Babol lran

In this paper, response surface methodology(RSM) based on central composite design(CCD) is applied to obtain an optimization design for the fuel rod's diameter and distance cooled by turbulent Al_2O_3–water nanofluid for a typical pressurized water reactor(PWR). Fuel rods and nanofluid flow between them are simulated 3D using computational fluid dynamics(CFD) by ANSYS-FLUNET package software. The RNG k–ε model is used to simulate turbulent nanofluid flow between the rods. The effect of different nanoparticles concentration is also investigated on the Nusselt number from heat transfer efficiency view point. Results reveal that when distance parameter(a) is in the minimum level and diameter parameter(r) is in the maximum possible level, cooling the rods will be better due to higher Nusselt number in this situation. Also, using the different nanoparticles on the cooling process confirms that Al_2O_3 averagely 17% and TiO_2 10% improve the Nusselt numbers.

关键词： Optimization Fuel rods Nanofluid Pressurized water reactor

Thermal-hydraulic and stress analysis of AP1000 reactor containment during LOCA in dry cooling mode

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Nuclear Science and Techniques 2017年第6期28卷 73-85页

作者： Sh.Sheykhi S.Talebi M.Soroush E.Masoumi Department of Energy Engineering and Physics Amirkabir University of Technology(Tehran Polytechnic) Young Researchers and Elite Club Islamic Azad UniversitySouth Tehran Branch

Some kinds of break in the reactor coolant system may cause the coolant to exit rapidly from the failure site,which leads to the loss of coolant accident(LOCA).In this paper,a stress analysis of an AP1000 reactor containment is performed in an LOCA,with the passive containment cooling system(PCCS) being available and not available for cooling the wall's containment.The variations in the mechanical properties of the wall's containment,including elastic modulus,strength,and stress,are analyzed using the ABAQUS code.A general two-phase model is applied for modeling thermal-hydraulic behavior inside the containment.Obtained pressure and temperature from thermal-hydraulic models are considered as boundary conditions of the ABAQUS code to obtain distributions of temperature and stress across steel shell of the containment in the accident.The results indicate that if the PCCS fails,the peak pressure inside the containment exceeds the design value.However,the stress would still be lower than the yield stress value,and no risk would threaten the integrity of the containment.

关键词： Two-phase flow LOCA Containment integrity AP1000 reactor