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Influence of Filling ratio and Working Fluid Thermal Properties on Starting up and Heat Transferring Performance of Closed Loop Plate Oscillating Heat Pipe with Parallel Channels

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Journal of Thermal Science 2017年第1期26卷 73-81页

作者： SHI Weixiu PAN Lisheng School of Environment and Energy Engineering Beijing University of Civil Engineering and Architecture Beijing Key Lab of Heating Gas SupplyVentilating and Air Conditioning Engineering State Key Laboratory of High-temperature Gas Dynamics Institute of MechanicsChinese Academy of Sciences

Using ethanol or acetone as the working fluid, the performance of starting up and heat transfer of closed-loop plate oscillating heat pipe with parallel channels(POHP-PC) were experimentally investigated by varying filling ratio, inclination, working fluids and heating power. The performance of the tested pulsating heat pipe was mainly evaluated by thermal resistance and wall temperature. Heating copper block and cold water bath were adopted in the experimental investigations. It was found that oscillating heat pipe with filling ratio of 50% started up earlier than that with 70% when heating input was 159.4 W, however, it has similar starting up performance with filling ratio of 50% as compared to 70% on the condition of heat input of 205.4 W. And heat pipe with filling ratio of 10% could not start up but directly transit to dry burning. A reasonable filling ratio range of 35%-70% was needed in order to achieve better performance, and there are different optimal filling ratios with different heating inputs- the more heating input, the higher optimal filling ratio, and vice versa. However, the dry burning appeared easily with low filling ratio, especially at very low filling ratio, such as 10%. And higher filling ratio, such as 70%, resulted in higher heat transfer( dry burning) limit. With filling ratio of 70% and inclination of 75°, oscillating heat pipe with acetone started up with heating input of just 24 W, but for ethanol, it needed to be achieved 68 W, Furthermore, the start time with acetone was similar as compared to that with ethanol. For steady operating state, the heating input with acetone was about 80 W, but it transited to dry burning state when heating input was greater than 160 W. However, for ethanol, the heating input was in vicinity of 160 W. Furthermore, thermal resistance with acetone was lower than that with ethanol at the same heating input of 120 W.

关键词： closed loop with parallel channels, plate pulsating heat pipe, filling ratio, working fluid thermalproperties, start up, heat transfer performance

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S-wave velocity and Poisson's ratio structure of crust in Yunnan and its implication

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第2期48卷 210-218页

作者： HU Jiafu, SU Youjin, ZHU Xiongguan & CHEN Yun Geophysical Department of Yunnan University, Kunming 650091, China Seismological Bureau of Yunnan Province, Kunming 650041, China Institute of Geology and Geophysics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 100101, China Geophysical Department of Yunnan University Kunming China Seismological Bureau of Yunnan Province Kunming China Institute of Geology and Geophysics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing China

Receiver function of body wave under the 23 stations in Yunnan was extracted from 3-component broadband digital recording of teleseismic event. Thus, the S-wave velocity structure and distribution characteristics of Poisson's ratio in crust of Yunnan are obtained by inversion.The results show that the crustal thickness is gradually thinned from north to south. The crustal thickness in Zhongdian of northwest reaches as many as 62.0 km and the one in Jinghong of further south end is only 30.2 km. What should be especially noted is that there exists a Moho upheaval running in NS in the Chuxiong region and a Moho concave is generally parallel to it in Dongchuan. In addition, there exists an obvious transversal inhomogeneity for the S-wave veIocity structure in upper mantle and crust in the Yunnan region. The low velocity layer exists not only in 10.0-15.0 km in upper crust in some regions, but also in 30.0-40.0 km in lower crust.Generally, the Poisson's ratio is on the high side, however it has a better corresponding relation to the crustal velocity structure. An obvious block distribution feature is still shown on such a high background of Poisson's ratio. It is discovered by synthetically analyzing the velocity structure and Poisson's ratio distribution that there are high Poisson's ratio and complicated crust-mantle velocity structure feature in the Sichuan-Yunnan Diamond Block with Xiaojiang fault to be the east boundary and Yulong Snow Mountain fault to be the west boundary besides the frequent seismicity. This feature differs obviously from that of surrounding areas, which would provide geophysical evidence to deeply study the eastwardly flowage of lithospheric substances in the Qinghai-Tibet Plateau.

关键词： Yunnan, S-wave velocity, Poisson's ratio, Sichuan-Yunnan Diamond Block.

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Effect of Blending ratio on he Properties of Ramie/Polyester Blended Yarn

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Journal of Donghua University(English Edition) 2002年第4期19卷 70-73页

作者：俞雯 College of Textiles Dong Hua UniversityShanghai200051

The effects of the blending ratio on the properties of Ramie/Polyester blended yarns are discussed in this paper. The experimental results show that the elongation of the yarn with the polyester content more than 40% is better than that of others. There is a lowest tenacity of the yarn corresponding to the blending ratio of 50/50 or so. The other properties of the yarn, such as the evenness and hairiness, will be improved with the increasing of the polyester content.

关键词： Blending ratio, tenacity, elongation, evenness,hairiness, ramie/polyester blended yarn

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Poisson's ratio of eclogite: Implications for lower crustal delamination of orogens

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Science China Earth Sciences 2003年第9期46卷 909-918页

作者：高山 Hartmut Kern 金振民张宏飞张本仁 Faculty of Earth Sciences China University of Geosciences Wuhan 430074 China Department of Geology Northwest University Xi'n 710069 China Institut f Geowissenschaften Universit Kiel Olshausenstrasse 40 24098 Kiel Germany

Laboratory measurements of combined P- and S-wave-velocities of eclogite from the Dabie-Sulu ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt and from literature data show a significant increase of Poisson抯 ratio of eclogite with its intrinsic water content H2O+ and thus the degree of hydration. Unaltered eclogites with H2O+ratio between 0.24 and 0.25, which is identical to that calculated from single crystal elastic properties but lower than the averages (0.270.02) of measurements compiled by previous studies. Thus, the Poisson抯 ratio of unaltered eclogites is considerably lower than that of lower crustal mafic granulite and upper mantle peridotite. The lower crust and upper mantle of the Dabie ultrahigh pressure metamorphic belt, the northern and southern parts of the Tibetan Plateau as well as the central Andes, where eclogite may have formed during Mesozoic and Cenozoic tectonism, are characterized by the Poisson抯 ratio >0.26. This, together with their normal upper mantle P-wave velocities, implies that eclogites are no longer an important component of the present-day lower crust and upper mantle of these subduction-collision belts. Combined with age constraints on eclogite-facies metamor- phism and subsequent exhumation, this in turn suggests that the interval from formation to delamination of eclogites is confined to a very short period of <15 Ma.

关键词： eclogite, Poisson's ratio, orogen, delamination of lower crust.

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Estimation of cancer burden in Guangdong Province,China in 2009

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Chinese Journal of Cancer 2015年第12期34卷 594-601页

作者： Su-Mei Cao Yan-Jun Xu Guo-Zhen Lin Qi-Hong Huang Kuang-Rong Wei Shang-Hang Xie Qing Liu State Key Laboratory of Oncology in South China Collaborative Innovation Center for Cancer MedicineSun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Department of Cancer Prevention Sun Yat-sen University Cancer Center Institute of Control and Prevention for Chronic Non-infective Disease Guangdong Provincial Center for Disease Control and Prevention Department of Disease Surveillance Guangzhou Center for Disease Control and Prevention Sihui Institute of Cancer Institute of Cancer Zhongshan People's Hospital

Background:Surveying regional cancer incidence and mortality provides significant data that can assist in making health policy for local areas;however,the province- and region-based cancer burden in China is seldom reported.In this study,we estimated cancer incidence and mortality in Guangdong Province,China and presented basic information for making policies related to health resource allocation and disease control.Methods:A log-linear model was used to calculate the sex-,age-,and registry-specific ratios of incidence to mortality(l/M) based on cancer registry data from Guangzhou,Zhongshan,and Sihui between 2004 and 2008.The cancer incidences in 2009 were then estimated according to representative l/M ratios and the mortality records from eight death surveillance sites in Guangdong Province.The cancer incidences in each city were estimated by the corresponding sex- and age-specific incidences from cancer registries or death surveillance sites in each area.Finally,the total and region-based cancer incidences and mortalities for the entire population of Guangdong Province were summarized.Results:The estimated l/M ratios in Guangzhou(3.658),Zhongshan(2.153),and Sihui(1.527) were significantly different(P ratio of 2.446.Significant differences in the estimated l/M ratios were observed between distinct age groups and the three cancer registries.The estimated l/M ratio in females was significantly higher than that in males(2.864 vs.2.027,P < 0.001).It was estimated that there were 163,376 new cancer cases(99,689 males and 63,687 females) in 2009;it was further estimated that 115,049 people(75,054 males and 39,995females) died from cancer in Guangdong Province in 2009.The estimated crude and age-standardized rate of incidences(ASRI) in Guangdong Province were 231.34 and 246.87 per 100,000 males,respectively,and 156.98 and 163.57 per 100,000 females,respectively.The estimated crude and age-standardized rate of mortalities(ASRM) in Guangdong Province were 174.17 and 187.46 per 100,000 males,r

关键词： Disease burden, Incidence-to-mortality ratio, Loq-linear model

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Theory and practice concerning classification for expansive soils using standard moisture absorption water content

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2005年第1期48卷 31-40页

作者： YAO Hailin1, CHENG Ping2, YANG Yang1 & WU Wanping2 1. Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Wuhan 430071, China 2. China Communications Second Highway Survey Design and Research Institute, Wuhan 430052, China Institute of Rock and Soil Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan China China Communications Second Highway Survey Design and Research Institute Wuhan China

A series of tests on physical, mechanical and chemical properties of expansive soils have shown that the standard moisture absorption water content (SMA) of expansive soils has a good linear relationship with montmorillonite content, cation exchange capacity, specific surface, and it also presents a linear relationship tendency to plastic index and free swell ratio. All this indicates that the above SMA is of clear significance in physics. The plastic index can better reflect the interaction extent between composition and dispersing character of grains, cation and clay minerals. Consequently, SMA can reflect the basic essential properties of expansive soils. On the basis of the classification results that have been published in literature and in consideration of the succession to the classification results for the free swell ratio, this paper puts forward three indexes, i.e. the SMA, plastic index and free swell ratio to classify expansive soils. The tests proposed for the classification indexes are easy to operate, simple in testing device and last a short time. Compared with the latest issued “Classification Standard Code for Rocks and Soils of Railway Projects” (TB10077-2001), the method proposed in this paper is more convenient and reasonable, and can be popularized, when environment conditions ripen, for the application in field of exploration and design of highway in the areas surrounded by expansive soils.

关键词： expansive soil, standard moisture absorption water content (SMA), plasticity index, free expansive ratio, identification and classification of expansive soils.

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Stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition of gas hydrate-bearing sediment from Hydrate Ridge,Cascadia Margin

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第8期49卷 872-880页

作者： Young-Joo Lee Petroleum and Marine Resources Research Division Korea Institute of Geoscience and Mineral Resources Daejon 305-350South Korea

54 sediments were sampled at 5 sites, 1244, 1245, 1246, 1250 and 1251 from ODP Leg 204, Hydrate Ridge, Cascadia Margin. The stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition, δ C of 13 organic matter and δ N, have been used to characterize the depositional variation of sediments with 15 gas hydrate bearing. Values of δ C of bulk organic matter range between ?22.37‰ and ?24.72‰ 13 PDB, with a mean value of ?23.54±1.17‰ PDB; δ N of the same sedimentary samples range from 15 3.30‰ to 5.68‰, with a mean value of 4.49±1.19‰; Values of C/N ratio range from 4.53 to 9.26, with a mean value of 6.90±2.37. The occurrence of gas hydrate changed the diagenetic evolution trend of the carbon and nitrogen in organic matter. The δ N and C/N ratio depletion suggest that the nitrogen 15 fixation related with the bacteria/archaea maybe occurred in the sediments near the hydrate. The stable carbon and nitrogen isotopic composition could be used to evaluate the depositional environ- ment in the study area.

关键词： gas hydrate, carbon isotopes, nitrogen isotopes, C/N ratio, nitrogen fixation.

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Wind-wave affected phosphate loading variations and their relationship to redox condition in Lake Taihu

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Science China Earth Sciences 2006年第Z1期49卷 154-161页

作者： ZHANG Lu ZHU Guangwei LUO Liancong GAO Guang ZHANG Yunlin QIN Boqiang FAN Chengxin Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China Nanjing Institute of Geography & Limnology Chinese Academy of Sciences Nanjing 210008 China

Variation of wind speed and the physico-chemical parameters, such as dissolved phosphate, ferrous and manganese in lake water were observed on site. Together with the chemistry analysis and simulated experiment in lab, the change of phosphate concentration in lake water was analyzed. The variation of ferrous/phosphate ratio explained that along with the enhancement of wind-wave effect and the oxidation ability of lake water, the effects of co-precipitation and removal of dissolved phosphate and iron in the lake water were reinforced. The ferrous/phosphate ratio in pore water was less than 2.0, demonstrating that the dissolved phosphate can be released into the overlying water. But, in the lake water, the stability of phosphate was controlled by the water dynamics.The phosphate release experiment showed that molecular release was only part of the whole and the direct discharge of phosphate in the pore water was also a part. The mineralization and biological process of suspended particulates in the water may be another important reason for the whole phosphate loadings.

关键词： phosphate, internal release, redox condition, ferrous/phosphate ratio, Lake Taihu.

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Isotopic feature and uranium dating of the volcanic rocks in the Okinawa Trough

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中国科学：地球科学英文版 2006年第4期49卷 375-383页

Volcanic rocks from the northern and middle Okinawa Trough were dated by ura- nium-series dating method. Differential fractions using magnetic procedure were designed to separate samples. New report on the ages and isotopic data of rocks in the northern trough (especially black pumice) was discussed. Based on the uranium dates and Sr-Nd isotopic ratio, magmatic evolution process of the Okinawa Trough was noted. Firstly, there have been wide silicic volcanic activities in the Okinawa Trough from late Pleistocene to present, and the volcanic rocks can be divided into three subgroups. Secondly, magma generally came from PREMA source area under the Okinawa Trough. Magmatic evolution in the northern trough was similar to the middle, but different to the south. Finally, volcanic activities indicated that opening of the southern Okinawa Trough did not happen due to the collision between Luson Arc and Eurasian Plate until the early Pleistocene.

关键词： Okinawa Trough, black pumice, uranium-series dating, Sr-Nd isotopic ratio, magmatic evolution.

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Burst detection in turbulent channel flows based on large eddy simulation databases

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Science China(Physics,Mechanics & Astronomy) 2005年第4期48卷 469-484页

作者： ZHANG Qiang ZHOU Jifu LI Jiachun Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080 Institute of Mechanics Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100080

Reliable turbulent channel flow databases at several Reynolds numbers have been established by large eddy simulation (LES), with two of them validated by comparing with typical direct numerical simulation (DNS) results. Furthermore, the statistics, such as velocity profile, turbulent intensities and shear stress, were obtained as well as the temporal and spatial structure of turbulent bursts. Based on the LES databases available, the conditional sampling methods are used to detect the structures of burst events. A method to deterimine the grouping parameter from the probability distribution function (pdf) curve of the time separation between ejection events is proposed to avoid the errors in detected results. And thus, the dependence of average burst period on thresholds is considerably weakened. Meanwhile, the average burst-to- bed area ratios are detected. It is found that the Reynolds number exhibits little effect on the burst period and burst-to-bed area ratio.

关键词： turbulence, burst period, burst-to-bed area ratio, LES.

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