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Assessing the ecological vulnerability of protected areas by using Big Earth Data

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2021年第11期14卷 1624-1637页

作者： Yaomin Zheng Shudong Wang Yue Cao Jinlian Shi Yi Qu Liping Li Tianjie Zhao Zhenguo Niu Rui Yang Peng Gong School of International Economics and Management Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingPeople’s Republic of China Aerospace Information Research Institute Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingPeople’s Republic of China Institute for National Parks Tsinghua UniversityBeijingPeople’s Republic of China Department of Landscape Architecture School of ArchitectureTsinghua UniversityBeijingPeople’s Republic of China eInstitute for Culture and Tourism Development(ICTD) Beijing Technology and Business UniversityBeijingPeople’s Republic of China National and Local Joint Laboratory of Wetland and Ecological Conservation Institute of Natural Resources and EcologyHeilongjiang Academy of SciencesHarbinPeople’s Republic of China Ministry of Education Key Laboratory for Earth System Modeling Department of Earth System ScienceTsinghua UniversityBeijingPeople’s Republic of China Ministry of Education Ecological Field Station for East Asian Migratory Birds BeijingChina Department of Geography and Department of Earth Sciences University of Hong KongHong KongPeople’s Republic of China

The ecological vulnerability of global protected areas(PAs)is linked to the 2030 United Nations Sustainable Development *** developed a novel degree of ecological vulnerability(DEV)index based on Big Earth Data to assess the ecological vulnerability of *** is a transparent,repeatable,large-scale and rapid assessment *** applied the method to case studies of International Union for Conservation of Nature(IUCN)PAs in the basins of the Aral Sea,the Caspian Sea,the Black Sea and the Lake *** 2001 and 2015,the spatial pattern of ecological vulnerability in the study area was relatively *** Caspian Sea basin and protected landscape/seascape(category V)showed high ecological vulnerability,while the Black Sea basin and wilderness areas(category Ib)showed low ecological *** Earth Data shows great vitality in PAs ecological vulnerability *** international cooperation is an important means to break the bottleneck of ecological environment and resource endowment in these important international basins.

关键词： protected areas ecological vulnerability assessment remote sensing sustainable development goals

Harmonisation requirements and capabilities towards a European spatial data infrastructure (ESDI): the HUMBOLDT protected areas scenario

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International Journal of Digital Earth 2012年第5期5卷 417-438页

作者： Paolo Villa Roderic Molina Mario A.Gomarasca Emanuele Roccatagliata CNR-IREA Institute for Electromagnetic Sensing of the EnvironmentMilanoItaly GISIG Geographical Information Systems International GroupGenovaItaly

The HUMBOLDT project has the aim of implementing a Framework for harmonisation of data and services in the geoinformation domain,under the Infrastructure for Spatial Information in Europe(INSPIRE)Directive and in the context of the Global Monitoring for Environment and Security(GMES)*** two-pronged approach of HUM BOLDT comprises a technical side of software framework development and an application side of scenario testing and *** the HUMBOLDT Application Scenarios designed to demonstrate the capabilities of the Framework there is the one covering protected areas themes and use cases It aims to transform geoinformation,managed by park authorities,into a seamless flow that com bines multiple information sources from different governance levels(European,national,regional),and exploits this newly combined information for the purposes of planning,management and tourism *** Scenario constitutes a step further towards the integration of monitoring systems envisaged in the view of Digital *** areas Scenario creates an examples of the use of the HUMBOLDT tools in Desktop and Web GIS environment,together with setting up a server environment exploiting HUMBOLDT harmonisation framework as taking into account user require-ments and needs and providing benefits for making the road to ESDI establish-ment easier.

关键词： data harmonisation geoinformation integration INSPIRE Digital Earth ESDI protected areas geo-spatial science spatial data infrastructure

Satellite monitoring of land-use and land-cover changes in northern Togo protected areas

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Journal of Forestry Research 2014年第2期25卷 385-392页

作者： Fousseni Folega Chun-yu Zhang Xiu-hai Zhao Kperkouma Wala Komlan Batawila Hua-guo Huang Marra Dourma Koffi Akpagana The Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry University Université de Lomé Laboratoire de botanique et écologie végétaleFaculté des sciences

Remote-sensing data for protected areas in northern Togo, obtained in three different years （2007, 2000, and 1987）, were used to assess and map changes in land cover and land use for this drought prone zone. The normalized difference vegetation index （NDVI） was applied to the images to map changes in vegetation. An unsupervised classification, followed by classes recoding, filtering, identifications, area computing and post-classification process were applied to the composite of the three years of NDVI images. Maximum likelihood classification was applied to the 2007 image （ETM＋2007） using a supervised classification process. Seven vegetation classes were defined from training data sets. The seven classes included the following biomes： riparian forest, dry forest, flooded vegetation, wooded savanna, fallows, parkland, and water. For these classes, the overall accuracy and the overall kappa statistic for the classi- fied map were 72.5% and 0.67, respectively. Data analyses indicated a great change in land resources; especially between 1987 and 2000 proba- bly due to the impact of democratization process social, economic, and political disorder from 1990. Wide-scale loss of vegetation occurred during this period. However, areas of vegetation clearing and regrowth were more visible between 2000 and 2007. The main source of confusion in the contingency matrix was due to heterogeneity within certain classes. It could also be due to spectral homogeneity among the classes. This research provides a baseline for future ecological landscape research and for the next management program in the area.

关键词： land change NDVI land cover protected areas Northern Togo

A comparison of the management models of protected areas between China and the southern Africa region

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Forestry Studies in China 2010年第3期12卷 151-157页

作者： Claudino DA VEIGA MENDONA College of Science of Nature Conservation Beijing Forestry University

A comparison of the management models of protected areas between China and the African south region allows reading and evaluating the similarities and differences in the use of management model as a management tool for protected areas and specifi- cally some positive and negative features of the management approaches in these two regions. Previous to this study it verified the designation of protected areas as increasing at a faster rate than ever before, comparatively much faster now in China than southern Africa regions. With the aim of evaluating similarities and differences in the use of management model as a management tool for pro- tected areas in China and southern Africa Region, both qualitative and quantitative data were collected. Qualitative data were mainly from policy documents, scientific articles and magazine reports, whereas quantitative （secondary data） statistical data from Interna- tional Union for Conservation of Nature Resources （IUCN） and World Database on protected areas （WDPA）. In view of the data sources above, the study found that in China all the protected areas are state owned whilst in southern Africa regions there are some protected areas that are privately owned; also that the models or typology of governance applied are successful for the fact that they both combine co-management or collaborative management, community-conserved areas and private protected areas that are subject to greater success and can help design planning and management than those who use exclusively government management. To this, the study concluded that the use of management model is influenced by the type of governance a country applies to its reserved areas.

关键词： protected areas sustainability China southern Africa region management model

Assessment and impact of anthropogenic disturbances in protected areas of northern Togo

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Forestry Studies in China 2012年第3期14卷 216-223页

作者： Folega FOUSSENI Dourma MARRA Kperkouma WALA Komlan BATAWILA ZHANG Chun-yu ZHAO Xiu-hai Koffi AKPAGANA Key Laboratory for Silviculture and Conservation of Ministry of Education Beijing Forestry University Beijing 100083 E R. China Universite de Loree Laboratoire de Botanique et d'Ecologie Vegetale Faculte des Sciences Lome BP 1515 Togo

These days, human activities in the savanna and the remaining dry and riparian forests of the Sudanian ecoregions continue to have their impact. These anthropogenic practices are still the main cause of disturbances in these areas. In order to investigate and assess the importance of these disturbances, caused by people bordering on protected areas and to determine the relation between these activities and the environment in which they are carried out, 220 samples were selected in the three main protected areas of northern Togo. The investigation was mainly qualitative, considering the floristic sampling of this drought area; any anthropogenic activities observed were recorded. A simple investigative questionnaire about the activities of rural people in the reserved areas was distributed to individuals encountered in the study area. Each sample in the investigation ended with a site description of its ecologi- cal characterization, i.e., soil features, topography, fauna footprints, dominant plant species and GPS position; we also took photo- graphs of the site. Data processing was entirely based on descriptive statistics and a factor analysis. The results show that eight kinds of human activities, i.e., the use of pastures, tree cutting, bush fires, charcoal production, harvesting of plant material, fanning, honey harvesting and hunting, were noted to be serious disturbances to the integrity of the ecosystems. Among these disturbances, three are recurrent in all the sampled areas of which the use of pastures accounts for 31.88%, tree cutting for 30.35% and bush fires for 30.13%. Fire and pasture disturbances are closely linked and are responsible for the current features of the savanna area of the region. Tree cutting is more a direct function of the need for the production of wood fuel, generally used by city populations. Hunting, farm- ing and honey production are of lesser importance in the area and therefore, do not pose a significantly negative effect on the gr

关键词： disturbances protected areas seasonal migration anthropogenic impact Togo

protected areas, Subsistence Farming Systems and Nature Conservation

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Journal of Agricultural Science and Technology(A) 2012年第3期2卷 402-411页

作者： Luis Tiberio Filipa Manso Ana Marta-Costa Carlos Fonseca Aurora Monzon Department of Economics Sociology and Management University of Tr6s-os-Montes and Alto Douro Vila Real 5000-660 Portugal

The preservation of the traditional subsistence farming systems and the conservation of natural values （habitats, fauna and flora）, in articulation with local development, was the key issues in this paper. The farmers have been able to manage the systems so as to cope with adverse conditions, but their future is quite uncertain. The methodology included：（1） field observation visits and cartographic information analysis of land use; （2） structured interviews with animal production and agro-forestry specialists; and （3） meetings with the participation of stakeholders. The paper concludes that depopulation is responsible for the increasing decline of agriculture and livestock. The decrease in agricultural activity in general and the consequent practices and traditional systems of agriculture causes changes in the landscape and has negative effects on nature conservation and biodiversity. Thus, we believe that the preservation and development of traditional economic activities linked to agriculture, agro-forestry and food processing are essential to maintain the typical landscape and to preserve natural values of Montemuro Site. The paper shows that in mountain areas, particularly those classified as nature network sites, farming, economic development and nature conservation are not antagonistic objectives.

关键词： Farming systems protected areas nature conservation biodiversity local development.

Coupling Conservation and Livelihoods for Sustainable Management of protected areas in East Africa

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Journal of Resources and Ecology 2018年第3期9卷 266-272页

作者： FU Chao BAI Yunli ZHANG Linxiu WANG Shuai YAN Xue International Ecosystem Management Partnership United Nations Environment Programme Beijing 100101 China Key Laboratory of Ecosystem Network Observation and Modeling Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China Center for Chinese Agricultural Policy Institute of Geographic Sciences and Natural Resources Research Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100101 China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049 China State Key Laboratory of Urban and Regional Ecology Research Center for Eco-Environmental Sciences Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100085 China Key Laboratory of Aquatic Botany and Watershed Ecology Wuhan Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of Sciences Wuhan 430074 China

Strengthening research efforts to understand the combined impacts of conservation and livelihoods in protected areas（PAs） will increase the collective contribution that PAs can make towards meeting global goals for sustainable development in the next decade. As an example of such efforts, in 2014 the Chinese Academy of Sciences（CAS）, the Kenya Wildlife Service（KWS） and the United Nations Environment Programme（UN Environment） jointly initiated the ＂Sustainable Management of protected areas in East Africa＂ project. This paper provides a brief overview of the project＇s research background, goals and research tasks. The study is based on a look at the PA management system in East Africa and a review of the literature on the impact of PAs in the region. Results show that East African nations have expanded the coverage of PAs and established a complex set of PA management systems over the past century. The mandate for PAs in East African nations has changed recently from protecting biodiversity to alleviating poverty and supporting livelihoods. However, a combination of human activities and ecological processes inside and outside of PAs may not only impact biodiversity and ecosystem function over the long term, but also pose a threat to the capacity of PAs to maintain livelihoods and alleviate poverty in the local communities around them. The state of existing research in the field suggests there is an enormous need for additional research, the purpose of which is to help PA managers and policy-makers in East Africa understand how to achieve win-win outcomes for both ecosystems and human well-being. Against this background, the CAS-KWS-UN Environment joint research project aims to understand the dynamic interactions between ecosystems and human well-being around PAs in East Africa and identify good practices for PA management to reconcile conservation targets with the livelihood demands of local communities. It is intended that this research be shared with interested part

关键词： protected areas conservation livelihoods coupling East Africa

Spatial Analysis of Federal protected areas and Priority areas for Biodiversity Conservation in Brazil

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Journal of Geographic Information System 2018年第6期10卷 718-734页

作者： Valdir Adilson Steinke Sandra Maria da Silva Barbosa Venicius Juvencio de Miranda Mendes Vinicius Galvao Zanatto Gabriella Emilly Pessoa Gustavo Bayma Department of Geography University of BrasiliaBrasiliaBrazil

This study presents a spatial analysis of priority areas for biodiversity conservation (PABCs) in Brazil and their coverage by federal protected areas as an indicator of the level of protection afforded to biodiversity in the country and the convergence of environmental protection policies in the sphere of federal government. Georeferenced data were processed using a geographic information system, enabling the calculation of areas, analyses of superimpositions, localizations, and the obtainment of other information using spatial features manipulated in this system. A comparative analysis is done of the PABCs mapped in two periods (2003 and 2007) to ascertain the evolution of this public policy instrument in detecting environmental priorities in protected areas. The improved coverage of PABCs by protected areas in the more recent mapping indicates a good convergence of environmental policies, which are enhanced by technical improvements to mapping procedures and methods for identifying such areas. As a result, the priority areas for biodiversity conservation could become a protected area regulated and recognized by the federal government.

关键词： protected areas Environment Public Policies Spatial Information Geoprocessing Priority areas for Biodiversity Conservation

Research on the sustainable development of ecotourism in protected areas:a review

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Ecological Economy 2009年第4期5卷 410-419页

作者： Cheng Zhenyu Institute of Economics Shandong Academy of Social Sciences Ji＇nan 250002 P. R. China

Due to the unique function of protected areas in species and nature resources conservation,sustainability has become the primary consideration in the development of ecotourism in protected *** paper focuses on this issue,and reviews the current literatures in this field,tries to give a comprehensive review which can also be organized in logical sense,classifies three major paradigms about the current research:research on the development of ecotourism in protected areas,research on the external indicators which affect the sustainability of ecotourism in protected areas,researches on the assessment of sustainability of ecotourism in protected areas,and finally points out that the further study in this field must be carried out by inter-disciplines,such as cultural economics and ecological economics.

关键词： protected areas Sustainable development Ecotourism Review.