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All Roads Lead to Auxin: post-translational regulation of Auxin Transport by Multiple Hormonal Pathways

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Plant Communications 2020年第3期1卷 1-19页

作者： Hana Semeradova Juan Carlos Montesinos Eva Benkova Institute of Science and Technology Austria 3400 KlosterneuburgAustria

Auxin is a key hormonal regulator,that governs plant growth and development in concert with other hormonal *** unique feature of auxin is its polar,cell-to-cell transport that leads to the formation of local auxin maxima and gradients,which coordinate initiation and patterning of plant *** molecular machinery mediating polar auxin transport is one of the important points of interaction with other *** hormonal pathways converge at the regulation of auxin transport and form a regulatory network that integrates various developmental and environmental inputs to steer plant *** this review,we discuss recent advances in understanding the mechanisms that underlie regulation of polar auxin transport by multiple hormonal ***,we focus on the post-translational mechanisms that contribute to fine-tuning of the abundance and polarity of auxin transporters at the plasma membrane and thereby enable rapid modification of the auxin flow to coordinate plant growth and development.

关键词： plant hormones polar auxin transport(PAT) post-translational regulation trafficking PINs abiotic stress

MicroProteins:Dynamic and accurate regulation of protein activity

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Journal of Integrative Plant Biology 2022年第4期64卷 812-820页

作者： Qingqing Wu Shangwei Zhong Hui Shi College of Life Sciences Capital Normal Universityand Beijing Key Laboratory of Plant Gene Resources and Biotechnology for Carbon Reduction and Environmental ImprovementBeijing 100048China State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research School of Life SciencesPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China National Engineering Laboratory of Crop Stress Resistance Breeding School of Life SciencesAnhui Agricultural UniversityHefei 230036China

Proteins usually assemble oligomers or high-order complexes to increase their efficiency and specificity in biological *** dynamic equilibrium of complex formation and disruption imposes reversible regulation of protein *** are small,single-domain proteins that directly bind target protein complexes and disrupt their *** evidence shows that microProteins are efficient regulators of protein activity at the post-translational *** the last few decades,thousands of plant microProteins have been predicted by computational approaches,but only a few have been experimentally *** studies highlighted the mechanistic working modes of newly-identified microProteins in Arabidopsis and other plant ***,we review characterized microProteins,including their biological roles,regulatory targets,and modes of *** particular,we focus on microProtein-directed allosteric modulation of key components in light signaling pathways,and we summarize the biogenesis and evolutionary trajectory of known microProteins in *** the regulatory mechanisms of microProteins is an important step towards potential utilization of microProteins as versatile biotechnological tools in crop bioengineering.

关键词： allosteric deactivation biotechnological tools light signaling MicroProteins post-translational regulation

Atoh1 regulation in the cochlea:more than just transcription

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2019年第2期20卷 146-155页

作者： Yen-Fu CHENG Department of Otology and Laryngology Harvard Medical School Eaton-Peabody Laboratory Massachusetts Eye and Ear Infirmary Department of Medical Research Taipei Veterans General Hospital Department of Otolaryngology-Head and Neck Surgery Taipei Veterans General Hospital School of Medicine Yang-Ming University Department of Speech Language Pathology and Audiology Taipei University of Nursing and Health Science

More than 80%of all cases of deafness are related to the death or degeneration of cochlear hair cells and the associated spiral ganglion neurons,and a lack of regeneration of these cells leads to permanent hearing ***,the regeneration of lost hair cells is an important goal for the treatment of ***1 is a basic helix-loop-helix(bHLH)transcription factor that is critical in both the development and regeneration of cochlear hair ***1 is transcriptionally regulated by several signaling pathways,including Notch and Wnt *** the post-translational level,it is regulated through the ubiquitin-proteasome *** vitro and in vivo studies have revealed that manipulation of these signaling pathways not only controls development,but also leads to the regeneration of cochlear hair cells after *** progress toward understanding the signaling networks involved in hair cell development and regeneration has led to the development of new strategies to replace lost hair *** review focuses on our current understanding of the signaling pathways that regulate Atoh1 in the cochlea.

关键词： Atoh1 Huwe1 Cochlea Hair cells Regeneration post-translational regulation

Reprogramming plant specialized metabolism by manipulating protein kinases

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aBIOTECH 2021年第3期2卷 226-239页

作者： Ruiqing Lyu Sanjay K.Singh Yongliang Liu Barunava Patra Yan Zhou Bingwu Wang Sitakanta Pattanaik Ling Yuan Department of Plant and Soil Sciences and the Kentucky Tobacco Research and Development Center University of Kentucky1401 University DriveLexingtonKY 40546USA South China Botanical Garden Chinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510650China Tobacco Breeding Center Yunnan Academy of Tobacco Agricultural SciencesKunming 650021YunnanChina

Being sessile,plants have evolved sophisticated mechanisms to balance between growth and defense to survive in the harsh *** transition from growth to defense is commonly achieved by factors,such as protein kinases(PKs)and transcription factors,that initiate signal transduction and regulate specialized *** produce an array of lineage-specific specialized metabolites for chemical defense and stress *** of these molecules are also used by humans as ***,many of these defense-responsive metabolites are toxic to plant cells and inhibitory to growth and *** have,thus,evolved complex regulatory networks to balance the accumulation of the toxic *** of external stimuli is a vital part of the regulatory *** kinase-mediated signaling activates a series of defense responses by phosphorylating the target pro-teins and translating the stimulus into downstream cellular *** biosynthesis of specialized metabolites is triggered when plants perceive stimuli,a possible connection between PKs and spe-cial ized meta bolism is well ***,the roles of PKs in plant specialized metabolism have not received much attention until ***,we summarize the recent advances in understanding PKs in plant specialized *** aim to highlight how the stimulatory signals are transduced,leading to the biosynthesis of corresponding *** discuss the post-translational regulation of specialized metabolism and provide insights into the mechanisms by which plants respond to the external *** addition,we propose possible strategies to increase the production of plant spe-cial ized metabolites in biotechnological applications using PKs.

关键词： Medicinal plants Protein kinases MAP kinase Specialized metabolites post-translational regulation Signal transd uction

Clp Protease and OR Directly Control the Proteostasis of Phytoene Synthase, the Crucial Enzyme for Carotenoid Biosynthesis in Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2018年第1期11卷 149-162页

作者： Ralf Welsch Xiangjun Zhou Hui Yuan Daniel Alvarez Tianhu Sun Dennis Schlossarek Yong Yang Guoxin Shen Hong Zhang Manuel Rodriguez-Concepcion Theodore W. Thannhauser Li Li University of Freiburg Faculty of Biology II 79104 Freiburg Germany Robert W. Holley Center for Agriculture and Health USDA-ARS Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA plant Breeding and Genetics Section School of Integrative Plant Science Cornell University Ithaca NY 14853 USA Zhejiang Academy of Agricultural Sciences Hangzhou 310021 China Department of Biological Sciences Texas Tech University Lubbock TX 79409 USA Centre for Research in Agricultural Genomics (CRAG) CSIC-IRTA-UAB-UB Campus UAB Bellaterra Barcelona Spain These authors contributed equally to this article.

Phytoene synthase （PSY） is the crucial plastidial enzyme in the carotenoid biosynthetic pathway. However, its post-translational regulation remains elusive. Likewise, Clp protease constitutes a central part of the plastid protease network, but its substrates for degradation are not well known. In this study, we report that PSY is a substrate of the Clp protease. PSY was uncovered to physically interact with various Clp protease subunits （i.e., ClpS1, CIpC1, and CIpD）. High levels of PSY and several other carotenogenic enzyme proteins overac- cumulate in the clpcl, clpp4, and clprl-2 mutants. The overaccumulated PSY was found to be partially enzy- matically active. Impairment of Clp activity in clpcl results in a reduced rate of PSY protein turnover, further supporting the role of Clp protease in degrading PSY protein. On the other hand, the ORANGE （OR） protein, a major post-translational regulator of PSY with holdase chaperone activity, enhances PSY protein stability and increases the enzymatically active proportion of PSY in clpcl, counterbalancing CIp-mediated proteol- ysis in maintaining PSY protein homeostasis. Collectively, these findings provide novel insights into the qual- ity control of plastid-localized proteins and establish a hitherto unidentified post-translational regulatory mechanism of carotenogenic enzymes in modulating carotenoid biosynthesis in plants.

关键词： carotenoid phytoene synthase clp protease OR post-translational regulation Arabidopsis

The generation of PD-L1 and PD-L2 in cancer cells: From nuclear chromatin reorganization to extracellular presentation

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2022年第3期12卷 1041-1053页

作者： Zhiwei Fan Changyue Wu Miaomiao Chen Yongying Jiang Yuanyuan Wu Renfang Mao Yihui Fan Department of Pathogenic Biology School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantong 226001China Laboratory of Medical Science School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantong 226001China Department of Dermatology Affiliated Hospital of Nantong UniversityNantong UniversityNantong 226001China Department of Pathophysiology School of MedicineNantong UniversityNantong 226001China

The immune checkpoint blockade(ICB)targeting on PD-1/PD-L1 has shown remarkable promise in treating ***,the low response rate and frequently observed severe side effects limit its broad *** is partially due to less understanding of the biological regulation of ***,we systematically and comprehensively summarized the regulation of PD-L1 from nuclear chromatin reorganization to extracellular *** PD-L1 and PD-L2 highly expressed cancer cells,a new TAD(topologically associating domain)(chr9:5,400,000-5,600,000)around CD274 and CD273 was discovered,which includes a reported super-enhancer to drive synchronous transcription of PD-L1 and *** re-shaped TAD allows transcription factors such as STAT3 and IRF1 recruit to PD-L1 locus in order to guide the expression of *** transcription,the PD-L1 is tightly regulated by mi RNAs and RNA-binding proteins via the long 3’*** translational level,PD-L1 protein and its membrane presentation are tightly regulated by post-translational modification such as glycosylation and *** addition,PD-L1 can be secreted via exosome to systematically inhibit immune ***,fully dissecting the regulation of PD-L1/PD-L2 and thoroughly detecting PD-L1/PD-L2 as well as their regulatory networks will bring more insights in ICB and ICB-based combinational therapy.

关键词： Immune checkpoint blockade PD-L1 PD-L2 Topologically associating domain Transcription post-transcriptional regulation post-translational regulation Exosome

Epigenetic regulatory differentiation of hematopoietic stem cells to the red lineage

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Reproductive and Developmental Medicine 2024年第3期8卷 169-177页

作者： Hong-Xing Li Yi-Hong Chai Xiao-Hong Sun Xiao-Xia He Ya-Ming Xi The First School of Clinical Medicine Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China Key Laboratory for Reproductive Medicine and Embryo of Gansu Province Lanzhou 730000China Department of Hematology The First Hospital of Lanzhou UniversityLanzhou 730000China

The differentiation process from hematopoietic stem cells(HSCs)to mature red blood cells(RBCs)is characterized by remarkable precision and is tightly controlled from the initial lineage commitment to eventual terminal *** is the dynamic journey of HSCs through various functional and phenotypic *** physiological course of erythrogenesis is intricately linked to significant changes in chromatin accessibility,necessitating precise coordination of transcription factors and epigenetic *** review presents a comprehensive overview of recent investigations into the molecular-level epigenetic regulatory factors that influence the differentiation of the erythroid *** encompasses the exploration of transcriptional,post-transcriptional,and post-translational regulatory *** intricate interplay of epigenetic and transcriptional regulatory networks in erythroid differentiation not only enhances our understanding of this fundamental biological process but also provides valuable insights into the underlying mechanisms contributing to the pathogenesis of disorders associated with abnormal erythroid *** findings hold significant promise for the development of novel therapeutic strategies to address these diseases and improve patient outcomes.

关键词： Hematopoietic stem cells Differentiation Epigenetics post-translational regulation