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positron emission tomography imaging for the assessment of mild traumatic brain injury and chronic traumatic encephalopathy:recent advances in radiotracers

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Neural Regeneration Research 2022年第1期17卷 74-81页

作者： Chu-Xin Huang Yan-Hui Li Wei Lu Si-Hong Huang Meng-Jun Li Li-Zhi Xiao Jun Liu Department of Radiology the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina Department of Neurology the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina PET-CT Center the Second Xiangya Hospital of Central South UniversityChangshaHunan ProvinceChina

A chronic phase following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury can present as chronic traumatic encephalopathy in some cases,which requires a neuropathological examination to make a definitive diagnosis.positron emission tomography(PET)is a molecular imaging modality that has high sensitivity for detecting even very small molecular changes,and can be used to quantitatively measure a range of molecular biological processes in the brain using different radioactive tracers.Functional changes have also been reported in patients with different forms of traumatic brain injury,especially mild traumatic brain injury and subsequent chronic traumatic encephalopathy.Thus,PET provides a novel approach for the further evaluation of mild traumatic brain injury at molecular levels.In this review,we discuss the recent advances in PET imaging with different radiotracers,including radioligands for PET imaging of glucose metabolism,tau,amyloid-beta,γ-aminobutyric acid type A receptors,and neuroinflammation,in the identification of altered neurological function.These novel radiolabeled ligands are likely to have widespread clinical application,and may be helpful for the treatment of mild traumatic brain injury.Moreover,PET functional imaging with different ligands can be used in the future to perform largescale and sequential studies exploring the time-dependent changes that occur in mild traumatic brain injury.

关键词： amyloid-β chronic traumatic encephalopathy flumazenil fluorodeoxyglucose mild traumatic brain injury positron emission tomography tau protein traumatic brain injury

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positron emission tomography-adapted therapy in low-risk diffuse large B-cell lymphoma:results of a randomized,phase Ⅲ,non-inferiority trial

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Cancer Communications 2023年第8期43卷 896-908页

作者： Qing Shi Yang He Hong-Mei Yi Rong-Ji Mu Xu-Feng Jiang Di Fu Lei Dong Wei Qin Peng-Peng Xu Shu Cheng Qi Song Sai-Juan Chen Li Wang Wei-Li Zhao State Key Laboratory of Medical Genomics National Research Center for Translational Medicine at ShanghaiShanghai Institute of HematologyRuijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiP.R.China Department of Pathology Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiP.R.China Clinical Research Institute Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiP.R.China Department of Nuclear Medicine Ruijin Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiP.R.China Department of Radiology Ruijin Hospital affiliated to Shanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiP.R.China Laboratory of Molecular Pathology Pole de Recherches Sino-Francis en Science du Vivant et GénomiqueShanghaiChina

Background:The current standard of care for non-bulky diffuse large B-cell lymphoma(DLBCL)patients with an International Prognostic Index(IPI)of 0 is four cycles of rituximab plus cyclophosphamide,doxorubicin,vincristine and prednisone(R-CHOP)but whether the same efficacy can be achieved with reduced chemotherapy regimen of four cycles for non-bulky DLBCL patients with an IPI of 1 remains unclear.This study compared four cycles versus six cycles of chemotherapy in non-bulky low-risk DLBCL patients with negative interim positron emission tomography with computed tomography(PET-CT,Deauville 1-3),irrespective of age and other IPI risk factors(IPI 0-1).Methods:This was an open-label,randomized,phaseⅢ,non-inferiority trial.Patients aged 14-75 years with newly diagnosed low-risk DLBCL,according to IPI,achieving PET-CT confirmed complete response(CR)after four cycles of R-CHOPwere randomized(1:1)between four cycles of rituximab(4R-CHOP+4R arm)or two cycles of R-CHOP plus two cycles of rituximab(6R-CHOP+2R arm).The primary endpoint was 2-year progression-free survival(PFS),conducted in the intention-to-treat population.Safety was assessed in patients with at least one cycle of assigned treatment.The non-inferiority margin was-8%.Results:A total of 287 patients were included in the intention-to-treat analysis,the median follow-up was 47.3 months,and the 2-year PFS rate was 95%(95%confidence interval[CI],92%to 99%)and 94%(95%CI,91%to 98%)for the 4R-CHOP+4R and 6R-CHOP+2R arm.The absolute difference in 2-year PFS between the two arms was 1%(95%CI,-5%to 7%),supporting the non-inferiority of 4R-CHOP+4R.Grade 3-4 neutropenia was lower in the last four cycles of rituximab alone in the 4R-CHOP+4R arm(16.7%versus 76.9%),with decreased risk of febrile neutropenia(0.0%versus 8.4%)and infection(2.1%versus 14.0%).Conclusions:For newly diagnosed low-risk DLBCL patients,interim PET-CT after four cycles of R-CHOP was effective in identifying patients with Deauville 1-3 who would have a good response and Deauville 4-5 patients who might

关键词： diffuse large B-cell lymphoma low-risk positron emission tomography randomized phaseⅢtrial

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positron emission tomography and magnetic resonance imaging combined with computed tomography in tumor volume delineation: A case report

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2022年第1期10卷 249-253页

作者： Qi-Ping Zhou Yu-Hua Zhao Lei Gao The Second Clinical Medical School Guangzhou University of Chinese MedicineGuangzhou 510006Guangdong ProvinceChina The Second Affiliated Hospital of Guangzhou University of Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510006Guangdong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND Accurate delineation of the target area for patients with hypopharyngeal cancer is the key to achieving an ideal radiotherapy effect.Since computed tomography(CT)alone can no longer meet the treatment needs,fusing CT images with magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)or positron emission tomography(PET)images can overcome the disadvantages of CT.Herein,we present a clinical case of hypopharyngeal cancer to delineate the tumor volume using combined MRI-CT and PET-CT fusion images to examine if they could accurately cover the tumor volume.CASE SUMMARY A 67-year-old male patient with hypopharyngeal carcinoma could not tolerate chemotherapy and surgery due to complicated health issues such as diabetic nephropathy and other underlying diseases.After multidisciplinary consultations,clinicians eventually agreed to undergo radiotherapy to control the progression of his tumor.He was examined by CT,MRI,and 18-fluorodeoxyglucose-PET for treatment planning,and CT images were fused with PET and MRI images while delineating tumor volume.CONCLUSION The image fusion of MRI-CT and PET-CT has both advantages and disadvantages.Compared with CT images alone,the combination of MRI-CT and PET-CT fusion images can precisely cover the gross tumor volume in hypopharyngeal carcinoma and avoid overestimation or incomplete coverage of tumor volume.

关键词： Hypopharyngeal carcinoma Computed tomography Magnetic resonance imaging positron emission tomography Image fusion Tumor volume delineation Case report

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positron emission tomography study of the specificity of Waiguan (SJ 5) acupoint

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Neural Regeneration Research 2011年第18期6卷 1391-1397页

作者： Xinsheng Lai Chunzhi Tang Guifeng Zhang Junjun Yang Gustav Wik Baoci Shan Yangjia Lu Yong Huang Department of Acupuncture and Massage Guangzhou University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Guangzhou 510405 Guangdong Province China School of Traditional Chinese Medicine Southern Medical University Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong Province China Department of Clinical Medicine University of Bergen Sandviken Hospital Bergen 116011 Norway Institute of High Energy Physics Chinese Academy of Science Beijing 100049 China

Functional brain imaging studies of the specificity of acupoint stimulation have revealed that needling at particular acupoints can induce activation of corresponding brain areas, examined in physiological and pathological states. The present study examined Waiguan （SJ 5） as the acupoint of interest. We tested five conditions： a true needling at true acupoint group, a sham needling at true acupoint group, a true needling at sham acupoint group, a sham needling at sham acupoint group, and a healthy control group. We examined changes in glucose metabolism in different functional cortical regions to determine the specific brain activation elicited by acupuncture at Waiguan. The results revealed that true and sham acupuncture at the same acupoint activated different brain regions. In addition, applying acupuncture at a genuine acupoint and a neighboring sham acupoint activated different brain regions. These findings suggest that acupuncture at Waiguan causes activation in some brain regions.

关键词： acupoint specificity needling Waiguan （SJ 5） positron emission tomography cerebral function imaging

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^(64)Cu radiolabeled nanomaterials for positron emission tomography(PET)imaging

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2022年第7期33卷 3349-3360页

作者： Xueqian Chen Wenchao Niu Zhongying Du Yong Zhang Dongdong Su Xueyun Gao Department of Chemistry and Biology Faculty of Environment and LifeBeijing University of TechnologyBeijing 100124China

The prevalence of positron emission tomography(PET)imaging has advanced biomedical applications for its ultrahigh sensitivity,deep tissue penetration and quantitative visualization of diseases in vivo.^(64)Cu with ideal half-life and decay characteristics has been designed as radioactive probes for disease diagnosis.The currently reported ^(64)Cu-labeled nanomaterials have the advantages of long circulation time in serum,good biocompatibility and mature preparation methods,and have been used in vivo PET imaging,biodistribution and pharmacokinetic monitoring,and imaging guided therapy.At the same time,suitable carrier characteristics and radiolabeling strategies are particularly important in the ^(64)Cu PET imaging process.In this review,we summarize different imaging probe designs and ^(64)Cu radiolabeling strategies,as well as their eventual applications in biomedicine.The potential challenges and prospects of ^(64)Cu labeled nanomaterials are also described,which provides broad prospects for radiolabeling strategies and further applications.

关键词： ^(64)Cu positron emission tomography Chelating agent-free Radiolabeling strategies Imaging guided therapy

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Recent progress in the applications of presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography imaging in parkinsonism

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Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第1期20卷 93-106页

作者： Yujie Yang Xinyi Li Jiaying Lu Jingjie Ge Mingjia Chen Ruixin Yao Mei Tian Jian Wang Fengtao Liu Chuantao Zuo Key Laboratory of Arrhythmias Ministry of EducationDepartment of Medical GeneticsShanghai East HospitalSchool of MedicineTongji UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Neurology National Research Center for Aging and MedicineNational Center for Neurological Disordersand State Key Laboratory of Medical NeurobiologyHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina Department of Nuclear Medicine&PET Center National Center for Neurological Disordersand National Clinical Research Center for Aging and MedicineHuashan HospitalFudan UniversityShanghaiChina International Human Phenome Institutes(Shanghai) ShanghaiChina Human Phenome Institute Fudan UniversityShanghaiChina

Nowadays,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography,which assesses deficiencies in dopamine synthesis,storage,and transport,is widely utilized for early diagnosis and differential diagnosis of parkinsonism.This review provides a comprehensive summary of the latest developments in the application of presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography imaging in disorders that manifest parkinsonism.We conducted a thorough literature search using reputable databases such as PubMed and Web of Science.Selection criteria involved identifying peer-reviewed articles published within the last 5 years,with emphasis on their relevance to clinical applications.The findings from these studies highlight that presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has demonstrated potential not only in diagnosing and differentiating various Parkinsonian conditions but also in assessing disease severity and predicting prognosis.Moreover,when employed in conjunction with other imaging modalities and advanced analytical methods,presynaptic dopaminergic positron emission tomography has been validated as a reliable in vivo biomarker.This validation extends to screening and exploring potential neuropathological mechanisms associated with dopaminergic depletion.In summary,the insights gained from interpreting these studies are crucial for enhancing the effectiveness of preclinical investigations and clinical trials,ultimately advancing toward the goals of neuroregeneration in parkinsonian disorders.

关键词： aromatic amino acid decarboxylase brain imaging dopamine transporter Parkinson’s disease parkinsonism positron emission tomography presynaptic dopaminergic function vesicle monoamine transporter type 2

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positron-emission tomography/computed tomography imaging in head and neck oncology:An update

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World Journal of Otorhinolaryngology 2016年第2期6卷 23-32页

作者： Viet D Nguyen Bundhit Tantiwongkosi Wyatt J Weinheimer Frank R Miller Department of Radiology University of TexasHealth Science Center at San Antonio Division of Neuroradiology Department of Radiology and Otolaryngology Head Neck SurgeryUniversity of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio Department of Otolaryn-gology Head Neck Surgery University of Texas Health Science Center at San Antonio

Cancers of the head and neck account for more than half a million cases worldwide annually, with a significant majority diagnosed as squamous cell carcinoma(HNSCC). Imaging studies such as contrast-enhanced computed tomography(CT), magnetic resonance imaging(MRI) and ^(18)F-2-fluoro-2-deoxy-D-glucose positron-emission tomography/computed tomography(^(18)F-FDG PET/CT) are widely used to determine the presence and extent of tumors and metastatic disease, both before and after treatment. Advances in PET/CT imaging have allowed it to emerge as a superior imaging modality compared to both CT and MRI, especially in detection of carcinoma of unknown primary, cervical lymph node metastasis, distant metastasis, residual/recurrent cancer and second primary tumors, often leading to alteration in management. PET/CT biomarker may further provide an overall assessment of tumor aggressiveness with prognostic implications. As new developments emerged leading to better understanding and use of PET/CT in head and neck oncology, the aim of this article is to review the roles of PET/CT in both pre- and post-treatment management of HNSCC and PET-derived parameters as prognostic indicators.

关键词： positron emission tomography Staging Diagnosis Computed tomography Head and neck cancer Management of squamous cell carcinoma Carcinoma of unknown primary Second primary malignancy Surveillance Recurrence Prognosis

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Micro-positron emission tomography imaging of angiogenesis based on ^(18)F-RGD for assessing liver metastasis of colorectal cancer

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2021年第4期20卷 345-351页

作者： Ming-Yu Zhang Hui-Jie Jiang Hao Jiang Rong-Jun Zhang Zhen-Chang Wang Department of Nuclear Medicine Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050China Department of Radiology The Second Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150086China Jiangsu Institute of Nuclear Medicine Wuxi 214063China Department of Radiology Beijing Friendship HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100050China

Background:positron emission tomography (PET) imaging is a non-invasive method to visualize and quantify the tumor microenvironment.This study aimed to explore the feasibility of ^(18)F-AIF-NOTA-E[PEG_(4-c)(RGDfk)]_(2) (denoted as ^(18)F-RGD) PET quantitative parameters to distinguish the angiogenesis in colorectal cancer (CRC) mice which has different metastatic potential.Methods:Twenty Lo Vo and twenty LS174T of CRC liver metastases animal models were established by implantation of human CRC cell lines via intrasplenic injection.Radiotracer-based micro-PET imaging of animal model was performed and the uptake of ^(18)F-RGD tracer in the tumor tissues was quantified as tumor-to-liver maximum or mean standardized uptake value (SUVmax or SUVmean) ratio.Pearson correlation was used to analyze the relationship between radioactive parameters and tumor markers.Results:The SUVmax and SUVmean ratios of Lo Vo model were significantly higher than those of LS174T in both liver metastasis and primary tumor lesions (P<0.05).A significant difference was observed in both vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) and Ki67 expressions between Lo Vo and LS174T primary tumors (P<0.05).The tumor-to-liver SUVmax or SUVmean ratio of ^(18)F-RGD showed a moderate correlation with VEGF expression (r=0.5700,P=0.001 and r=0.6657,P<0.001,respectively),but the SUVmean ration showed a weak correlation with Ki67 expression (r=0.3706,P<0.05).The areas under the receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves of ^(18)F-RGD SUVmean ratio,SUVmax ratio for differentiating Lo Vo from LS174T tumor were 0.801 and 0.759,respectively.Conclusions:The tumor-to-liver SUVmean ratio of ^(18)F-RGD was a promising image parameter for the process of monitoring tumor angiogenesis in CRC xenograft mice model.

关键词： RGD peptide positron emission tomography Colorectal liver metastases Vascular endothelial growth factor

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positron emission tomography imaging in gliomas

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Neuroimmunology and Neuroinflammation 2014年第1期1卷 107-114页

作者： Assimakis Assimakopoulos Konstantinos Polyzoidis Chrissa Sioka Neurosurgical Research Institute University of Ioannina45500 IoanninaIoanninaGreece Department of Neurosurgery Aristotle University of Thessaloniki54124 ThessalonikiThessalonikiGreece

Glioma,the most frequent primary brain tumor in adults,is a highly infiltrative tumor exhibiting resistance to most treatments and associated with short survival of patients.positron emission tomography(PET)imaging using various tracers takes advantage of the increased metabolic rate of neoplastic cells,in order to detect tumors and validate the treatment response.The most frequently used PET tracer,the(18)F-fluorodeoxyglucose(FDG),is useful during the initial and follow-up assessment of patients with gliomas because it can assist in the selection of the initial biopsy site and to assess early response to a given therapeutic intervention.Furthermore,when there is tumor re-growth after an initial remission,FDG-PET can differentiate between true tumor recurrence versus necrosis from radiation therapy.Newly developed PET tracers may exhibit better sensitivity than FDG to diagnose primary brain tumors,but may occasionally produce false positive results in various conditions.In any event,PET is a useful tool in patients with central nervous system cancer during both initial assessment and follow-up.

关键词： Brain tumor cancer glioma positron emission tomography

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Utility of positron emission tomography-computed tomography scan in detecting residual hepatocellular carcinoma post treatment:Series of case reports

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Oncology 2020年第3期12卷 358-364页

作者： Jason T Cheng Nelly E Tan Michael L Volk Transplantation Institute Loma Linda University Medical CenterSan BernardinoCA 92408United States Department of Radiology Loma Linda University Medical CenterLoma LindaCA 92354United States

BACKGROUND Multi-phase computed tomography(CT)or magnetic resonance imaging(MRI)has been the standard of care for hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC)diagnosis for years.CASE SUMMARY We report a case series of four patients in whom positron emission tomographycomputed tomography(PET-CT)scan complemented the conventional CT/MRI scans in evaluating treatment response.In these four cases the conventional multi-phase CT and MRI failed to identify residual HCC disease post-treatment,while PET-CT complemented and aided in treatment response evaluation.In each case,the addition of PET-CT identified and located residual HCC disease,allowed retreatment,and altered medical management.CONCLUSION This case series suggests that PET-CT should perhaps play a role in the HCC management algorithm,in addition to the conventional contrast-enhanced multiphase scans.

关键词： Hepatocellular carcinoma positron emission tomography Contrast-enhanced multiphase scan Cirrhosis Residual cancer Treatment response evaluation Case series

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