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Focusing on the Focus： What Else beYOnd the Master Switches for Polar Cell Growth？

Molecular Plant 2015年第4期8卷 582-594页

作者： Yuan Qin Juan Dong Center for Genomics and Biotechnology College of Crop Science Fujian Agriculture and Forestry University Fuzhou 350002 Fujian Province China Waksman Institute of Microbo ogy Rutgers the State University of New Jersey Piscataway NJ 08854 LISA The Department of Plant Biology and Pathology Burgers the State University of New Jersey New Brunswick NJ 08901 USA

Cell polarity, often associated with polarized cell expansion/growth in plants, describes the uneven distribution of cellular components, such as proteins, nucleic acids, signaling molecules, vesicles, cytoskeletal elements, and organelles, which may ultimately modulate cell shape, structure, and function. Pollen tubes and root hairs are model cell systems for studying the molecular mechanisms underlying sustained tip growth. The formation of intercalated epidermal pavement cells requires excitatory and inhibitory pathways to coordinate cell expansion within single cells and between cells in contact. Strictly controlled cell expansion is linked to asymmetric cell division in zygotes and stomatal lineages, which require integrated processes of pre-mitotic cellular polarization and division asymmetry. While small GTPase ROPs are recognized as fundamental signaling switches for cell polarity in various cellular and developmental processes in plants, the broader molecular machinery underpinning polarity establishment required for asymmetric division remains largely unknown. Here, we review the widely used ROP signaling pathways in cell polar growth and the recently discovered feedback loops with auxin signaling and PIN effluxers. We discuss the conserved phosphorylation and phospholipid signaling mechanisms for regulating uneven distribution of proteins, as well as the potential roles of novel proteins and MAPKs in the polarity establishment related to asymmetric cell division in plants.

关键词： cell expansion cytoskeleton polarity polarity determination signal transduction

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