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Phenotypic trait matching predicts the topology of an insular plant–bird pollination network

Integrative Zoology 2018年第3期13卷 339-347页

作者： Matthew BIDDICK Kevin CBURNS School of Biological Sciences Victoria University of WellingtonWellingtonNew Zealand

Conceptualizing species interactions as networks has broadened our understanding of ecological ***,the factors shaping interaction patterns among species and,therefore,network structure remain *** potentially important factor is the matching of phenotypic ***,we tested for trait matching in a bird–flower visitation network from New *** first quantified the overall network structure and tested whether flower size could account for differences in the visitation rates of flowering *** then explored the relationship between the flower size and bill *** results showed that the interaction network is *** species with large flowers received more visits from birds than plant species with small ***,plant species with large flowers were visited more frequently by birds with large bills,while species with smaller flowers were visited more frequently by birds with small ***,the interaction patterns between birds and flowering plants could be predicted by their morphology,suggesting that phenotypic trait matching is an important predictor of network structure.

关键词： bird-flower visitation network flower morphology plant-animal interactions size coupling

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Deciphering the effects of disperser assemblages and seed mass on patterns of seed dispersal in a rodent community

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Integrative Zoology 2017年第6期12卷 457-467页

作者： Aleksandra WRÓBEL Rafal ZWOLAK Department of Systematic Zoology Institute of Environmental BiologyAdam Mickiewicz UniversityPoland

The sizes of both seed dispersers and seeds are traits that are likely to interact to influence seed fate in many synzoochoric plant ***,we examined whether members of a granivorous rodent community consisting of species of different body size vary in their effectiveness as seed dispersers,and how this relationship may be altered by seed *** marked northern red oak(Quercus rubra)acorns with plastic tags and placed them in size-selective rodent *** exclosures allowed differential access of rodent groups based on different body size:(i)small(*** spp.);(ii)small and medium(*** striatus);and(iii)small,medium and large(*** carolinensis)species of *** removal did not differ among exclosure types,but more seeds were missing when removed by small rodents,probably because of *** treatments did not influence the relative frequency of acorn ***,small rodents cached considerably fewer and partially ate more acorns than the other 2 *** mean dispersal distance was the longest for cages with medium openings,intermediate for cages with large openings and the shortest for cages with small *** mass positively affected the probability of caching and this relationship was unaffected by exclosure *** conclusion,granivorous rodents of different body sizes strongly differed in their interactions with acorns,with small rodents acting primarily as acorn predators and medium and large species contributing significantly more to dispersal of red oaks.

关键词： acorn dispersal initial seed fate plant-animal interactions rodent community scatterhoarding

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Linking the hierarchical decision- making process of fruit choice and the phenotypic selection strength on fruit traits by birds

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Journal of plant Ecology 2017年第4期10卷 713-720页

作者： Facundo X.Palacio Juan Manuel Girini Mariano Ordano Fundación Miguel Lillo Miguel Lillo 251CP T4000JFESan Miguel de TucumánTucumánArgentina Consejo Nacional de Investigaciones Científicas y Técnicas(CONICET) Argentina Sección Ornitología División Zoología VertebradosFacultad de Ciencias Naturales y MuseoUniversidad Nacional de La PlataPaseo del Bosque s/nCP B1900FWALa PlataBuenos AiresArgentina

Aims animals in search of fleshy fruits forage mostly according to the number of available fruits and then select individual fruits based on reward quality or advertised subtle *** hierarchical pat-tern of fruit choice would be translated into patterns of selection strength mediated by frugivores on fruit display ***,frugi-vores would exert higher selection pressures on fruit crop size and lower selection pressures on within-plant variation of phenotypic traits(infructescence,fruit and seed size).However,no attempt to link this behavioral mechanism of hierarchical trait selection to natural selection patterns has been ***,we sought to determine the relationship between the hierarchical decision-mak-ing process of fruit choice and patterns of natural selection on fruit *** We recorded bird visits and measured fruit-related traits(fruit crop size,fruit diameter and seed weight)in a natural population of Psychotria carthagenensis,a bird-dispersed treelet,in a Yungas for-est from *** assess phenotypic selection patterns on fruit display traits,we performed multivariate selection analysis,and to explicitly identify a hierarchy of fruit trait choice we used a classifi-cation tree as a predictive *** Findings Selection patterns on fruit display traits were in agreement with a hierarchical process of fruit choice made by *** strength of directional selection on the total number of fruits in a plant(*** crop size)was nearly two times higher than on fruit size,and the classification tree analysis supported this hierarchical *** results support previous evidence that seed dispersers shape fruit crop size with higher intensity than subindividual fruit ***,high levels of subindividual phenotypic variation of fruit display traits may be explained by relaxed selection pressures exerted by *** studies also show that this pattern may consti-tute a general phenomenon among other pl

关键词： plant-animal interactions seed dispersal selection gradients subindividual variation

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A framework for considering ecological interactions for common non-timber forest product species:a case study of mountain date palm(Phoenix loureiroi Kunth)leaf harvest in South India

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Ecological Processes 2013年第1期2卷 212-220页

作者： Lisa Mandle Tamara Ticktin Snehlata Nath Siddappa Setty Anita Varg Botany Department University of Hawai'i at MānoaMānoaHawai'iUSA Ecology Evolution and Conservation Biology ProgramUniversity of Hawai'i at MānoaMānoaHawai'iUSA Keystone Foundation KotagiriTamil NaduIndia Ashoka Trust for Research in Ecology and the Environment BangaloreKarnatakaIndia Natural Capital Project Woods Institute for the EnvironmentStanford UniversityStanfordCAUSA.

Introduction:Many economically important non-timber forest products(NTFPs)come from widespread and common plant *** of these species often is assumed to be sustainable due to their ***,because of the ecological roles of common species,harvest may affect and be affected by ecological interactions at broader scales,which are rarely considered when evaluating the sustainability of *** use a case study of the mountain date palm(Phoenix loureiroi Kunth),harvested in South India to produce brooms,to present a conceptual framework illustrating how intensive harvest of a common species interacts with other anthropogenic management practices,plant-animal interactions and surrounding environmental ***:We apply this framework to understanding the impacts of mountain date palm harvest in the southern Western Ghats regions of the Indian states of Tamil Nadu and *** integrate data on the extent and levels of commercial harvest,local management practices,the ecological context in which harvest occurs,and research on harvest *** use this information to document the intensity and extent of mountain date palm harvest in the study area,identify the ecological implications of harvest,and demonstrate how a framework that considers harvest in the context of ecological communities and ecosystems is important for assessing the impacts of harvest of common NTFP ***:We show that mountain date palm leaves are heavily harvested from natural areas in the southern Western Ghats but that harvest levels have declined in recent *** date palm management and harvest occur within a network of ecological interactions,linking human activities to population-,community-,and ecosystem-level *** demonstrate that understanding the effects of return interval of anthropogenic fire,herbivory by wild animals and livestock,as well as the light environment in which harvest occurs are critical to assessing the sustainab

关键词： Non-timber forest product(NTFP) Western Ghats Savanna woodland Resource management plant-animal interactions Fire Herbivory

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