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Cultivating potential:Harnessing plant stem cells for agricultural crop improvement

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Molecular plant 2024年第1期17卷 50-74页

作者： Penelope Lindsay Kyle W.Swentowsky David Jackson Cold Spring Harbor Laboratory Cold Spring HarborNY 11724USA National Key Laboratory of Crop Genetic Improvement Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanHubei430070China

Meristems are stem cell-containing structures that produce all plant organs and are therefore important targets for crop improvement.Developmental regulators control the balance and rate of cell divisions within the meristem.Altering these regulators impacts meristem architecture and,as a consequence,plant form.In this review,we discuss genes involved in regulating the shoot apical meristem,inflorescence meristem,axillary meristem,root apical meristem,and vascular cambium in plants.We highlight several examples showing how crop breeders have manipulated developmental regulators to modify meristem growth and alter crop traits such as inflorescence size and branching patterns.plant transformation techniques are another innovation related to plant meristem research because they make crop genome engineering possible.We discuss recent advances on plant transformation made possible by studying genes controlling meristem development.Finally,we conclude with discussions about how meristem research can contribute to crop improvement in the coming decades.

关键词： meristem crop improvement plant transformation plant breeding crop yield gene editing

Enemies atpeace:Recentprogressin Agrobacterium-mediated cereal transformation

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The Crop Journal 2024年第2期12卷 321-329页

作者： Shaoshuai Liu Ke Wang Shuaifeng Geng Moammar Hossain Xingguo Ye Aili Li Long Mao Karl-Heinz Kogel State Key Laboratory of Crop Gene Resources and breeding Institute of Crop SciencesChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijing 100081China Institute of Phytopathology Centre for BioSystemsLand Use and NutritionJustus Liebig UniversityHeinrich Buff-Ring 26-32D-35392GiessenGermany

Agrobacterium tumefaciens mediated plant transformation is a versatile tool for plant genetic engineering following its discovery nearly half a century ago.Numerous modifications were made in its application to increase efficiency,especially in the recalcitrant major cereals plants.Recent breakthroughs in transformation efficiency continue its role as a mainstream technique in CRISPR/Cas-based genome editing and gene stacking.These modifications led to higher transformation frequency and lower but more stable transgene copies with the capability to revolutionize modern agriculture.In this review,we provide a brief overview of the history of Agrobacterium-mediated plant transformation and focus on the most recent progress to improve the system in both the Agrobacterium and the host recipient.A promising future for transformation in biotechnology and agriculture is predicted.

关键词： Agrobacterium tumefaciens Cereal species Genome editing Genetic engineering plant breeding

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plant genomic DNA methylation in response to stresses: Potential applications and challenges in plant breeding

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Progress in Natural Science:Materials International 2009年第9期19卷 1037-1045页

作者： Hai Peng, Jing Zhang * Laboratory of Germplasm and Genetics, College of Life Science, Jianghan University, Wuhan 430056, China Laboratory of Germplasm and Genetics College of Life Science Jianghan University Wuhan 430056 China

The plant genome can respond rapidly and dynamically to stress in a manner that overcomes the restrictions of a highly stable DNA sequence. Abiotic stresses such as chilling, planting density, rubbing, cutting, and successive rounds of subculture generally decrease the levels of DNA methylation. The opposite effect is seen for salt stress, and the effects of heavy-metal stress are species specific. Biotic stres-ses such as pathogenic infection can lead to two contrasting effects on the levels of methylation in plants: hypermethylation on the genome-wide level and hypomethylation of resistance-related genes. Both phenomena may contribute to the adaptation of plants to stress. Although heritable methylation patterns and phenotypic variations that arise in response to stress are of potential value for plant breeding, their exploitation presents great challenges.

关键词： DNA methylation plant breeding Stress

Constitutive basis of root system architecture:uncovering a promising trait for breeding nutrient-and drought-resilient crops

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aBIOTECH 2023年第4期4卷 315-331页

作者： Zhigang Liu Tongfei Qin Michaella Atienza Yang Zhao Hanh Nguyen Huajin Sheng Toluwase Olukayode Hao Song Karim Panjvani Jurandir Magalhaes William J.Lucas Leon V.Kochian Global Institute for Food Security University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 4L8Canada Department of Computer Science University of SaskatchewanSaskatoonSK S7N 5C9Canada Embrapa Maize and Sorghum Brazilian Agricultural Research CorporationSete LagoasMG 35701-970Brazil Department of plant Biology College of Biological SciencesUniversity of CaliforniaDavisCA 95616USA

Root system architecture(RSA)plays a pivotal role in efficient uptake of essential nutrients,such as phosphorous(P),nitrogen(N),and water In soils with heterogeneous nutrient distribution,root plasticity can optimize acquisition and plant growth.Here,we present evidence that a constitutive RSA can confer benefits for sorghum grown under both sufficient and limiting growth conditions.Our studies,using P efficient SC103 and inefficient BTx635 sorghum cultivars,identified significant differences in root traits,with SC103 developing a larger root system with more and longer lateral roots,and enhanced shoot biomass,under both nutrient sufficient and deficient conditions.In addition to this constitutive attribute,under P deficiency,both cultivars exhibited an initial increase in lateral root development;however,SC103 still maintained the larger root biomass.Although N deficiency and drought stress inhibited both root and shoot growth,for both sorghum cultivars,SC103 again maintained the better performance.These findings reveal that SC103,a P efficient sorghum cultivar,also exhibited enhanced growth performance under N deficiency and drought.Our results provide evidence that this constitutive nature of RSA can provide an avenue for breeding nutrient-and drought-resilient crops.

关键词： Constitutive root system architecture Abiotic stress Nutrient efficiency Drought resilience plant breeding

《plant breeding》杂志:展示植物育种成就的平台

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分子植物育种 2006年第S1期 35-35页

作者：张淑玲海南省热带农业资源开发利用研究所

Crop adaptation to climate change:An evolutionary perspective

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Molecular plant 2023年第10期16卷 1518-1546页

作者： Lexuan Gao Michael B.Kantar Dylan Moxley Daniel Ortiz-Barrientos Loren H.Rieseberg CAS Center for Excellence in Molecular plant Sciences Institute of Plant Physiology and EcologyChinese Academy of SciencesShanghai 200032China Department of Tropical plant&Soil Sciences University of Hawaii at ManoaHonoluluHIUSA Department of Botany and Biodiversity Research Centre University of British ColumbiaVancouverBCCanada School of Biological Sciences and Australian Research Council Centre of Excellence for plant Success in Nature and Agriculture The University of QueenslandBrisbaneQLDAustralia

The disciplines of evolutionary biology and plant and animal breeding have been intertwined throughout their development,with responses to artificial selection yielding insights into the action of natural selection and evolutionary biology providing statistical and conceptual guidance for modern breeding.Here we offer an evolutionary perspective on a grand challenge of the 21st century:feeding humanity in the face of climate change.We first highlight promising strategies currently under way to adapt crops to current and future climate change.These include methods to match crop varieties with current and predicted environments and to optimize breeding goals,management practices,and crop microbiomes to enhance yield and sustainable production.We also describe the promise of crop wild relatives and recent technological innovations such as speed breeding,genomic selection,and genome editing for improving environmental resilience of existing crop varieties or for developing new crops.Next,we discuss how methods and theory from evolutionary biology can enhance these existing strategies and suggest novel approaches.We focus initially on methods for reconstructing the evolutionary history of crops and their pests and symbionts,because such historical information provides an overall framework for crop-improvement efforts.We then describe how evolutionary approaches can be used to detect and mitigate the accumulation of deleterious mutations in crop genomes,identify alleles and mutations that underlie adaptation(and maladaptation)to agricultural environments,mitigate evolutionary trade-offs,and improve critical proteins.Continuing feedback between the evolution and crop biology communities will ensure optimal design of strategies for adapting crops to climate change.

关键词： abiotic stress resistance climate change crop adaptation Darwinian agriculture evolutionary biology plant breeding

Applications of cold atmospheric plasmas(CAPs)in agriculture:a brief review and the novel development of a radio-frequency CAP jet generator for plant mutation

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Plasma Science and Technology 2022年第9期24卷 1-14页

作者：李和平李静赵喜亭王立言方川苏楠张翀许言吕萌李明军邢新会 Department of Engineering Physics Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China College of Life Sciences Henan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007People’s Republic of China Biobreeding Research Center Wuxi Research Institute of Applied TechnologiesTsinghua UniversityWuxi 214072People’s Republic of China MOE Key Laboratory of Industrial Biocatalysis Department of Chemical EngineeringTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China Center for Systems and Synthetic Biology Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084People’s Republic of China Institute of Biopharmaceutical and Health Engineering Tsinghua Shenzhen International Graduate SchoolShenzhen 518055People’s Republic of China

Cold atmospheric plasmas(CAPs)have shown great applicability in agriculture.Many kinds of CAP sources have been studied in agricultural applications to promote plant growth and cure plant diseases.We briefly review the state-of-the-art stimulating effects of atmospheric-pressure dielectricbarrier-discharge(AP-DBD)plasmas,after the direct or indirect treatment of plants for growth promotion and disease control.We then discuss the special demands on the characteristics of the CAP sources for their applications in plant mutation breeding.An atmospheric and room temperature plasma(ARTP)jet generator with a large plasma irradiation area,a high enough concentration of chemically reactive species and a low gas temperature is designed for direct plant mutagenesis.Experimental measurements of the electrical,thermal and optical features of the ARTP generator are conducted.Then,an ARTP-P(ARTP for plant mutagenesis)mutation breeding machine is developed,and a typical case of plant mutation breeding by the ARTP-P mutation machine is presented using Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.seeds.Physical and agricultural experiments show that the newly-developed ARTP-P mutation breeding machine with a large irradiation area can generate uniform CAP jets with high concentrations of chemically reactive species and mild gas temperatures,and have signiflcant mutagenesis effects on the Coreopsis tinctoria Nutt.seeds.The ARTP-P mutation breeding machine may provide a platform for systematic studies on mutation mechanisms and results for various plant seeds under different operating conditions in future research.

关键词： cold atmospheric plasma radio-frequency glow discharge mutation plant breeding ARTP agricultural application

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Evaluation of biogenic markers-based phenotyping for resistance to Aphanomyces root rot in field pea

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Information Processing in Agriculture 2022年第1期9卷 1-10页

作者： Afef Marzougui Abirami Rajendran D.Scott Mattinson Yu Ma Rebecca J.McGee Manuel Garcia-Perez Stephen P.Ficklin Sindhuja Sankaran Department of Biological Systems Engineering Washington State UniversityPullmanWAUnited States Department of Horticulture Washington State UniversityPullmanWAUnited States United States Department of Agriculture-Agricultural Research Service Grain Legume Genetics and Physiology Research UnitWashington State UniversityPullmanWAUnited States

Biogenic volatile organic compounds(VOCs)emitted by plants can reveal information about plant adaptation,defense processes,and biological pathways.Thus,such VOC data may be utilized to capture phenotypic plant responses to the environment.In this study,the main objective was to evaluate the potential of biogenic compounds,including VOCs,to phenotype two pea cultivars,Ariel(susceptible)and Hampton(high levels of partial resistance)for resistance to Aphanomyces root rot disease.plants were monitored non-destructively for VOC emission at three-time points(15,20,and 30 days after inoculation,DAI)using dynamic headspace sampling with gas chromatography-flame ionization detec-tion(GC-FID)system,as well as destructively at the end of the experiments,using solvent extraction and pyrolysis of both shoot and root tissues.A non-inoculated control(mock-inoculated with distilled water)was utilized to compare the plant responses within a cul-tivar.The common chemical peaks between control and inoculated samples of both culti-vars(RT_(cm))were analyzed after normalizing the relative peak intensity of inoculated samples with those of control samples,prior to a comparison between cultivars.In addi-tion,unique chemical peaks(RT_(uq))present in inoculated samples,but not in control sam-ples were also identified and their relative peak intensities were compared.Among the released green leaf volatiles(RT_(cm)),the normalized relative peak intensity of hexanal emis-sion,at 20 DAI,was higher in Ariel than that of Hampton.In addition,several putative chemical peaks(both RT_(cm) and RT_(uq)),previously known as indicators for disease response,exhibited some differences in their emission rates between pea cultivars in at least one of the time points.The destructive sampling revealed that shoot samples produced more putative unique biomarkers(RT_(uq))than the root samples.Based on the differences in puta-tive chemical peaks between cultivars,this initial study supports the concept of utilization of biogenic biomarker-based phenotyping in d

关键词： plant breeding Pulse crop Volatile organic compounds plant phenotyping Biotic stress

breeding against mycorrhizal symbiosis:Modern cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) varieties perform more poorly than older varieties except at very high phosphorus supply levels

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Journal of Integrative Agriculture 2023年第3期22卷 701-715页

作者： WANG Xin-xin ZHANG Min SHENG Jian-dong FENG Gu Thomas W.KUYPER College of Resources and Environmental Sciences China Agricultural UniversityBeijing 100193P.R.China State Key Laboratory of North China Crop Improvement and Regulation/Mountain Area Research Institute Hebei Agricultural UniversityBaoding 071001P.R.China College of Resource and Environmental Sciences Xinjiang Agricultural UniversityUrumqi 830052P.R.China Soil Biology Group Wageningen University&ResearchWageningen 6700AAThe Netherlands

Cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.) is an importantfiber cash crop,but its root traits related to phosphorus (P) acquisition,including mycorrhizal root traits,are poorly understood.Eight cotton varieties bred in northwestern China that were released between 1950 and 2013 were grown in pots with or without one arbuscular mycorrhizal fungal (AMF) species(Funneliformis mosseae) at three P supply levels (0,50 and 300 mg P as KH_(2)PO_(4)kg^(-1)).Eleven root traits were measured and calculated after 7 wk of growth.The more recent accessions had smaller root diameters,acquired less P and produced less biomass,indicating an (inadvertent) varietal selection for thinner roots that provided less cortical space for AMF,which then increased the need for a high P fertilizer level.At the two lower P levels,the mycorrhizal plants acquired more P and produced more biomass than non-mycorrhizal plants (3.2 vs.0.9 mg P per plant;1.8 vs.0.9 g biomass per plant at P_(0);14.5 vs.1.7 mg P per plant;and 4.7 vs.1.6 g biomass per plant at P_(50)).At the highest P level,the mycorrhizal plants acquired more P than non-mycorrhizal plants (18.8 vs.13.4 mg per P plant),but there was no difference in biomass (6.2 vs.6.3 g per plant).At the intermediate P level,root diameter was significantly positively correlated with shoot biomass,P concentration and the P content of mycorrhizal plants.The results of our study support the importance of the outsourcing model of P acquisition in the root economics space framework.Inadvertent varietal selection in the last decades,resulting in thinner roots and a lower benefit from AMF,has led to a lower productivity of cotton varieties at moderate P supply (i.e.,when mycorrhizal,the average biomass of older varieties 5.0 g per plant vs.biomass of newer varieties 4.4 g per plant),indicating the need to rethink cotton breeding efforts in order to achieve high yields without very high P input.One feasible way to solve the problem of inadvertent varietal selection for cotton is to be aware of the trade-offs between the r

关键词： cotton varieties plant breeding arbuscular mycorrhizal fungi root economics space outsourcing phosphorus acquisition

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