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Sensitivity of Typhoon Lingling(2019)simulations to horizontal mixing length and planetary boundary layer parameterizations

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Frontiers of Earth Science 2022年第2期16卷 304-322页

作者： Siqi CHEN Feng XU Yu ZHANG Guiling YE Jianjun XU Chunlei LIU College of Ocean and Meteorology Guangdong Ocean UniversityZhanjiang 524088China South China Sea Institute of Marine Meteorology Zhanjiang 524088China Shenzhen Institute of Guangdong Ocean University Shenzhen 518120China

Forecasting the intensity of typhoons is a difficult problem in numerical weather *** is subject to many factors,among which the selection of physical parameterization schemes for the model is a hot topic of *** this study,the effects of horizontal mixing length(represented by h_diff)and planetary boundary layer(PBL)schemes were *** idealized and four operational sensitivity experiments were designed based on simulation of the typhoon Lingling,which occurred over the western Pacific in 2019,using the Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting *** results of the idealized experiments showed that,as h_diff was increased,the slope of the typhoon eye area also increased,and its intensity became *** the other hand,the results of the sensitivity experiments indicated that the intensity of the simulated typhoon was sensitive to the choice of PBL scheme,with the forecast bias of the QNSE(Quasi-Normal Scale Elimination)scheme being smaller than that of the GFDL(Geophysical Fluid Dynamics Laboratory)*** momentum budget analyses indicated that,when increasing the h_diff,the convergence of angular momentum was larger in the boundary layer,which led to a faster spin-up of the vortex,further increasing the intensity of the *** the calculated horizontal and vertical vortex spread it was found that,when the h_diff was increased,the corresponding horizontal and vertical diffusion eddies also showed an increasing trend,which was also the reason for the strengthening of the ***,the forecast bias decreased significantly with increasing horizontal mixing length when using the same PBL scheme.

关键词： Hurricane Weather Research and Forecasting model planetary boundary layer western Pacific typhoon horizontal diffusion

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The Uncertainty of Tropical Cyclone Intensity and Structure Based on Different Parameterization Schemes of planetary boundary layer

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2020年第4期26卷 377-389页

作者： WANG Chen-xi YING Ming Shanghai Typhoon Institute CMAShanghai 200030 China

Based on different parameterization schemes of planetary boundary layer (PBL), the uncertainty of intensity and structure of the Super-strong Typhoon Rammasun (1409) is investigated using the WRF model (v3.4) with six PBL parameterization schemes. Results indicate that PBL uncertainty leads to the uncertainty in tropical cyclone (TC)prediction, which increases with forecast time. The uncertainty in TC prediction is mainly reflected in the uncertainty in TC intensity, with significant differences in the TC intensity forecasts using various PBL schemes. The uncertainty in TC prediction is also reflected in the uncertainty in TC structures. Greater intensity is accompanied by smaller vortex width,tighter vortex structure, stronger wind in the near-surface layer and middle and lower troposphere, stronger inflow(outflow) wind at the lower (upper) levels, stronger vertical upward wind, smaller thickness of the eye wall, smaller outward extension of the eye wall, and warmer warm core at the upper levels of eye. PBL height, surface upward heat flux and water vapor flux are important factors that cause the uncertainty in TC intensity and structure. The more surface upward heat flux and water vapor flux and the lower PBL height, the faster TC development and the stronger TC intensity.

关键词： planetary boundary layer uncertainty tropical cyclone intensity structure

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Vertical distribution of ozone in the planetary boundary layer at the Ming Tombs, Beijing

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Science China Earth Sciences 2005年第S2期48卷 55-63页

作者： ZHENG Xiangdong, DING Guoan, YU Haiqing, LIU Yu & XU Xiangde Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences, Center for Atmospheric Watch and Service, Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry, China Meteorological Administration, Beijing 100081, China Chinese Academy of Meteorological Sciences Center for Atmospheric Watch and Service Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Chemistry China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China

Surface ozone (O3) and vertical O3 distribution in the planetary boundary layer (PBL) at the Ming Tombs (40°17’15"N, 116°12’51"E), Beijing during September 7-12, 2001 were measured by ground based measurements and an in-situ tethersonde system. The results indicated that O3 concentration measured at surface level agreed well with that measured by tethersonde system in daytime when active thermal mixing was dominated. Ozone showed the lowest concentration before the sunrise and then gradually increased in the morning and reached the maximum in the afternoon 14:00-17:00 (Ist). After sunset, O3 gradually decreased and resulted in low value below 200-300 m due to surface loss processes and chemical destruction in stable boundary layer characterized by temperature inversions. High O3 was observed whenever there was pollutants transport from the metropolitan areas of Beijing. Our analysis suggested the complex terrain of the Ming Tombs region caused pollutants transported from Beijing to accumulate in the PBL, and resulted in severe O3 pollution, with a maximum over 160×10-9, when the synoptic conditions was favorable for photochemical O3 production.

关键词： O3 planetary boundary layer Beijing.

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Multilevel air quality evolution in Shenyang:Impact of elevated point emission reduction

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第3期34卷 300-310页

作者： Xiaolan Li Guiqian Tang Liguang Li Weijun Quan Yangfeng Wang Ziqi Zhao Ningwei Liu Ye Hong Yanjun Ma Institute of Atmospheric Environment China Meteorological AdministrationNo.388 Changbai South RoadShenyangLiaoning 110166China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric boundary layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Environmental Meteorology Forecast Center of Beijing-Tianjin-Hebei Beijing 100089China

Visibility observed at different altitudes is favorable to understand the causes of air *** conducted 4-years of observations of visibility at 2.8 and 60 m and particulate matter(PM)concentrations from 2015 to 2018 in Shenyang,a provincial city in Northeast *** results indicated that visibility increased with the increasing height in winter(especially at night),and decreased with height in summer(especially at the daytime).PM concentration exhibited opposite vertical variation to visibility,reflecting that visibility de-grades with the increase of aerosol concentration in the *** radiosonde meteorological data showed that weak turbulence in the planetary boundary layer(PBL)in winter favored aerosols'accumulation near the *** in summer,unstable atmospheric con-ditions,upper-level moister environment,and regional transport of air pollutants resulted in the deterioration of upper-level ***-annual variation in the two-level visibility indicated that the upper-level visibility improved more significantly than low-level visibil-ity,much likely due to the reduction in emission of elevated point sources in *** study suggested that strengthening the control of surface non-point emissions is a promis-ing control strategy to improve Shenyang air quality.

关键词： Aerosol pollution Atmospheric visibility planetary boundary layer Northeast China Vertical evolution

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Large Eddy Simulation and Study of the Urban boundary layer

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2004年第4期21卷 650-661页

作者：苗世光蒋维楣 Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Nangjing 210093 Institute of Urban Meteorology China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100089 Department of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University Nangjing 210093ased on a pseudo-spectral large eddy simulation (LES) model an LES model with an anisotropy turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) closure model and an explicit multi-stage third-order Runge-Kutta scheme is established. The modeling and analysis show that the LES model can simulate the planetary boundary layer (PBL) with a uniform underlying surface under various stratifications very well. Then similar to the description of a forest canopy the drag term on momentum and the production term of TKE by subgrid city buildings are introduced into the LES equations to account for the area-averaged effect of the subgrid urban canopy elements and to simulate the meteorological fields of the urban boundary layer (UBL). Numerical experiments and comparison analysis show that: (1) the result from the LES of the UBL with a proposed formula for the drag coefficient is consistent and comparable with that from wind tunnel experiments and an urban subdomain scale model (2) due to the effect of urban buildings the wind velocity near the canopy is decreased turbulence is intensified TKE variance and momentum flux are increased the momentum and heat flux at the top of the PBL are increased and the development of the PBL is quickened (3) the height of the roughness sublayer (RS) of the actual city buildings is the maximum building height (1.5-3 times the mean building height) and a constant flux layer (CFL) exists in the lower part of the UBL.

Based on a pseudo-spectral large eddy simulation (LES) model, an LES model with an anisotropy turbulent kinetic energy (TKE) closure model and an explicit multi-stage third-order Runge-Kutta scheme is established. The modeling and analysis show that the LES model can simulate the planetary boundary layer (PBL) with a uniform underlying surface under various stratifications very well. Then, similar to the description of a forest canopy, the drag term on momentum and the production term of TKE by subgrid city buildings are introduced into the LES equations to account for the area-averaged effect of the subgrid urban canopy elements and to simulate the meteorological fields of the urban boundary layer (UBL). Numerical experiments and comparison analysis show that: (1) the result from the LES of the UBL with a proposed formula for the drag coefficient is consistent and comparable with that from wind tunnel experiments and an urban subdomain scale model; (2) due to the effect of urban buildings, the wind velocity near the canopy is decreased, turbulence is intensified, TKE, variance, and momentum flux are increased, the momentum and heat flux at the top of the PBL are increased, and the development of the PBL is quickened; (3) the height of the roughness sublayer (RS) of the actual city buildings is the maximum building height (1.5-3 times the mean building height), and a constant flux layer (CFL) exists in the lower part of the UBL.

关键词： uniform underlying surface urban boundary layer planetary boundary layer large eddy simulation (LES) anisotropy turbulent kinetic energy closure model

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Influence of Vertical Eddy Diffusivity Parameterization on Daily and Monthly Mean Concentrations of O3 and NOy

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2007年第4期24卷 573-580页

作者：安俊岭程新金屈玉陈勇 State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric boundary layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029 Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029

Two parameterization schemes for vertical eddy diffusivity were utilized to investigate their impacts on both the daily and monthly mean concentrations of ozone and NOy, which are the major fractions of the sum of all reactive nitrogen species, i.e., NOy=NO＋NO2＋HNO3＋PAN. Simulations indicate that great changes in the vertical diffusivity usually occur within the planetary boundary layer （PBL）. Daily and monthly mean concentrations of NOy are much more sensitive to changes in the vertical diffusivity than those of ozone and ozone and NOy levels only at or in （relatively） clean sites and areas, where long-range transport plays a crucial role, display roughly equivalent sensitivity. The results strongly suggest that a widely-accepted parameterization scheme be selected and the refinement of the model＇s vertical resolution in the PBL be required, even for regional and long-term studies, and ozone only being examined in an effort to judge the model＇s performance be unreliable, and NOy be included for model evaluations.

关键词： planetary boundary layer vertical eddy diffusivity parameterization NOy O3 Acid Deposition and Monitoring Network in East Asia (EANET)

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Numerical Simulations of Heavy Rainfall over Central Korea on 21 September 2010 Using the WRF Model

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2015年第6期32卷 855-869页

作者： Ui-Yong BYUN Jinkyu HONG Song-You HONG Hyeyum Hailey SHIN Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yonsei University Korea Institute of Atmospheric Prediction Systems NCAR

On 21 September 2010, heavy rainfall with a local maximum of 259 mm d-1 occurred near Seoul, South Korea. We examined the ability of the Weather Research and Forecasting （WRF） model in reproducing this disastrous rainfall event and identified the role of two physical processes： planetary boundary layer （PBL） and microphysics （MPS） processes. The WRF model was forced by 6-hourly National Centers for Environmental Prediction （NCEP） Final analysis （FNL） data for 36 hours form 1200 UTC 20 to 0000 UTC 22 September 2010. Twenty-five experiments were performed, consisting of five different PBL schemes--Yonsei University （YSU）, Mellor-Yamada-Janjic （MYJ）, Quasi Normal Scale Elimination （QNSE）, Bougeault and Lacarrere （BouLac）, and University of Washington （UW）--and five different MPS schemes--WRF Single- Moment 6-class （WSM6）, Goddard, Thompson, Milbrandt 2-moments, and Morrison 2-moments. As expected, there was a specific combination of MPS and PBL schemes that showed good skill in forecasting the precipitation. However, there was no specific PBL or MPS scheme that outperformed the others in all aspects. The experiments with the UW PBL or Thompson MPS scheme showed a relatively small amount of precipitation. Analyses form the sensitivity experiments confirmed that the spatial distribution of the simulated precipitation was dominated by the PBL processes, whereas the MPS processes determined the amount of rainfall. It was also found that the temporal evolution of the precipitation was influenced more by the PBL processes than by the MPS processes.

关键词： heavy rainfall WRF model microphysics planetary boundary layer

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Vertical Evolution of boundary layer Volatile Organic Compounds in Summer over the North China Plain and the Differences with Winter

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第7期38卷 1165-1176页

作者： Shuang WU Guiqian TANG Yinghong WANG Rong MAI Dan YAO Yanyu KANG Qinglu WANG Yuesi WANG State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric boundary layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China Weather Modification Office of Hebei Province Shijiazhuang 050021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Anhui University Hefei 230601China

The vertical observation of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)is an important means to clarify the mechanisms of ozone *** explore the vertical evolution of VOCs in summer,a field campaign using a tethered balloon during summer photochemical pollution was conducted in Shijiazhuang from 8 June to 3 July 2019.A total of 192 samples were collected,23 vertical profiles were obtained,and the concentrations of 87 VOCs were *** range of the total VOC concentration was 41-48 ppbv below 600 *** then slightly increased above 600 m,and rose to 58±52 ppbv at 1000 *** proportion of alkanes increased with height,while the proportions of alkenes,halohydrocarbons and acetylene *** proportion of aromatics remained almost unchanged.A comparison with the results of a winter field campaign during 8-16 January 2019 showed that the concentrations of all VOCs in winter except for halohydrocarbons were more than twice those in *** accounted for the same proportion in winter and ***,aromatics,and acetylene accounted for higher proportions in winter,while halohydrocarbons accounted for a higher proportion in *** were five VOC sources in the vertical *** proportions of gasoline vehicular emissions+industrial sources and coal burning were higher in *** proportions of biogenic sources+long-range transport,solvent usage,and diesel vehicular emissions were higher in *** the surface to 1000 m,the proportion of gasoline vehicular emissions+industrial sources gradually increased.

关键词： volatile organic compounds vertical profile planetary boundary layer source apportionment

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Evolution of Aerosol Vertical Distribution During Particulate Pollution Events in Shanghai

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Journal of Meteorological Research 2015年第3期29卷 385-399页

作者：张云伟张群冷春鹏张德芹成天涛陶俊张仁健贺千山 Shanghai Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Particle Pollution and Prevention Department of Environmental Science & EngineeringFudan University Fudan-Tyndall Centre Fudan University South China Institute of Environmental Sciences Ministry of Environmental Protection Key Laboratory of Regional Climate-Environment Research for Temperate East Asia Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of Sciences Shanghai Meteorological Bureau

A set of micro pulse lidar （MPL） systems operating at 532 nm was used for ground-based observation of aerosols in Shanghai in 2011. Three typical particulate pollution events （e.g., haze） were examined to determine the evolution of aerosol vertical distribution and the planetary boundary layer （PBL） during these pollution episodes. The aerosol vertical extinction coefficient （VEC） at any given measured altitude was prominently larger during haze periods than that before or after the associated event. Aerosols originating from various source regions exerted forcing to some extent on aerosol loading and vertical layering, leading to different aerosol vertical distribution structures. Aerosol VECs were always maximized near the surface owing to the potential influence of local pollutant emissions. Several peaks in aerosol VECs were found at altitudes above 1 km during the dust- and bioburningoinfluenced haze events. Aerosol VECs decreased with increasing altitude during the local-polluted haze event, with a single maximum in the surface atmosphere. PM2.5 increased slowly while PBL and visibility decreased gradually in the early stages of haze events; subsequently, PM2.5 accumulated and was exacerbated until serious pollution bursts occurred in the middle and later stages. The results reveal that aerosols from different sources impact aerosol vertical distributions in the atmosphere and that the relationship between PBL and pollutant loadings may play an important role in the formation of pollution.

关键词： aerosol vertical distribution planetary boundary layer haze

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