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The Ultrastructure of a Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Mutant Strain Lacking phytoene Synthase Resembles that of a Colorless Alga

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Molecular Plant 2008年第6期1卷 925-937页

作者： William Inwood Corinne Yoshihara Reena Zalpuri Kwang-Seo Kim Sydney Kustu Department of Plant and Microbial Biology 111 Koshland Hall University of California Berkeley CA 94720-3102 USA Electron Microscope Laboratory 26 Giannini Hall University of California Berkeley CA 94720-3330 USA

Chlamydomonas reinhardtii strains lacking phytoene synthase, the first enzyme of carotenoid biosynthesis, are white. They lack carotenoid pigments, have very low levels of chlorophyll, and can grow only heterotrophically in the dark. Our electron and fluorescence microscopic studies showed that such a mutant strain （Itsl-204） had a proliferated plastid envelope membrane but no stacks of thylakoid membranes within the plastid. It accumulated cytoplasmic compartments that appeared to be autophagous vacuoles filled with membranous material. The Its1 mutants apparently lacked pyrenoid bodies, which normally house ribulose bisphosphate carboxylase-oxygenase （Rubisco）, and accumulated many starch granules. Although these mutant strains cannot synthesize the carotenoid and carotenoid-derived pigments present in the phototactic organelle （eyespot）, the mutant we examined made a vestigial eyespot that was disorganized and often mislocalized to the posterior end of the cell. The absence of a pyrenoid body, the accumulation of starch, and the disorganization of the eyespot may all result from the absence of thylakoids. The ultrastructure of Its1 mutant strains is similar to but distinct from that of previously described white and yellow mutant strains of C. reinhardtii and is similar to that of naturally colorless algae of the Polytoma group.

关键词： Ultrastructure phytoene carotenoid biosynthesis

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CONSTRUCTION OF A GENOMIC DNA LIBRARY WITH ATA VECTOR AND ITS APPLICATION IN CLONING OF THE phytoene SYNTHASE GENE FROM THE CYANOBACTERIUM SPIRULINA PLATENSIS M-135

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Chinese Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 1998年第S1期16卷 17-24页

作者： Yoshikazu Kawata Shin-ichi Yano Hiroyuki Kojima(Osaka Mational Research Institute. Agency of Industrial Science and Technology, Ikeda, Osaka 563, Japan)

An efficient and simple method for constructing a genomic DNA library using a TAcloning vector is presented. It is based on the sonicative cleavage of genomic DNA and modification offragment ends with Taq DNA polymerase, followed by ligation using a TA vector. This method was ap-plied for cloning of the phytoene synthase gene crtB from Spirulina platensis. This method is useful whengenomic DNA cannot be efficiently digested with restriction enzymes, a problem often encountered duringthe construction of a genomic DNA library of cyanobacteria.

关键词： genomic library Spirulina phytoene synthase carotenoid

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PTOX Mediates Novel Pathways of Electron rransport in Etioplasts of Arabidopsis

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Molecular Plant 2016年第9期9卷 1240-1259页

作者： Sekhar Kambakam Ujjal Bhattacharjee Jacob Petrich Steve Rodermel Department of Genetics Development and Cell Biology iowa State University 445 Bessey Hall Ames IA 50011 USA Department of Chemistry Iowa State University Ames IA 50011 USA

The immutans （im） variegation mutant of Arabidopsis defines the gene for PTOX （plastid terminal oxidase）, a versatile plastoquinol oxidase in chloroplast membranes. In this report we used im to gain insight into the function of PTOX in etioplasts of dark-grown seedlings. We discovered that PTOX helps control the redox state of the plastoquinone （PQ） pool in these organelles, and that it plays an essential role in etioplast metabolism by participating in the desaturation reactions of carotenogenesis and in one or more redox pathways mediated by PGR5 （PROTON GRADIENT REGULATION 5） and NDH （NAD（P）H dehydrogenase）, both of which are central players in cyclic electron transport. We propose that these elements couple PTOX with electron flow from NAD（P）H to oxygen, and by analogy to chlororespiration （in chloroplasts） and chromorespiration （in chromoplasts）, we suggest that they define a respiratory process in etioplasts that we have termed ＂etiorespiration＂. We further show that the redox state of the PQ pool in etioplasts might control chlorophyll biosynthesis, perhaps by participating in mechanisms of retrograde （plastid- to-nucleus） signaling that coordinate biosynthetic and photoprotective activities required to poise the etioplast for light development. We conclude that PTOX is an important component of metabolism and redox sensing in etioplasts.

关键词： immutans PTOX etiorespiration phytoene prochlorophyllide retrograde singnaling

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