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Performance Evaluation of Two Series Vertical Flow Filters for Wastewater Treatment: A Case Study of the Prototype Installed at Gaston Berger University, Saint-Louis, Senegal

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Open Journal of Modern Hydrology 2024年第1期14卷 14-32页

作者： Abdou Khafor Ndiaye Falilou Coundoul Abdoulaye Deme Antonina Torrens Armengol Abdoulaye Senghor UFR of Applied Sciences and Technology Gaston Berger University of Senegal Saint-Louis Senegal Polytechnic Institute of Saint-Louis (IPSL) Gaston Berger University of Saint-Louis Saint-Louis Senegal UFR of Applied Sciences and Technology Gaston Berger University Saint-Louis Senegal Department of Biology Healthcare and Environment Faculty of Pharmacy and Food Sciences University of Barcelona Barcelona Spain Sanitation Department Ministry in Charge of Sanitation of Senegal Dakar Senegal

This paper evaluates the efficacy of two sequential vertical flow filters (VFF), FV1 and FV2, implanted with Typha, in a pilot-scale wastewater treatment system. FV1 comprises three cells (FV1a, FV1b, and FV1c), while FV2 consists of two cells (FV2a and FV2b), each designed to reduce various physicochemical and microbiological pollutants from wastewater. Quantitative analyses show significant reductions in electrical conductivity (from 1331 to 1061 μS/cm), biochemical oxygen demand (BOD5 from 655.6 to 2.3 mg/L), chemical oxygen demand (COD from 1240 to 82.2 mg/L), total nitrogen (from 188 to 37.3 mg/L), and phosphates (from 70.9 to 14.6 mg/L). Notably, FV2 outperforms FV1, particularly in decreasing dissolved salts and BOD5 to remarkably low levels. Microbiological assessments reveal a substantial reduction in fecal coliforms, from an initial concentration of 7.5 log CFU/100mL to 3.7 log CFU/100mL, and a complete elimination of helminth eggs, achieving a 100% reduction rate in FV2. The study highlights the impact of design parameters, such as filter material, media depth, and plant species selection, on treatment outcomes. The findings suggest that the judicious choice of these components is critical for optimizing pollutant removal. For instance, different filtration materials show varying efficacies, with silex plus river gravel in FV1c achieving superior pollutant reduction rates. In conclusion, VFFs emerge as a promising solution for wastewater treatment, underscoring the importance of design optimization to enhance system efficiency. Continuous monitoring and adaptation of treatment practices are imperative to ensure water quality, allowing for safe environmental discharge or water reuse. The research advocates for ongoing improvements in wastewater treatment technologies, considering the environmental challenges of the current era. The study concludes with a call for further research to maximize the effectiveness of VFFs in water management.

关键词： Phytoremediation Phytopurification Plant-Based Purifier Wastewater Treat-ment Vertical Flow Filters Pollutant Reduction Typha physicochemical analysis Microbial Removal

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Phytochemical Estimation and Therapeutic Amelioration of Aesculus hippocastanum L. Seeds Ethanolic Extract in Gastric Ulcer in Rats Possibly by Inhibiting Prostaglandin Synthesis

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Chinese Journal of Integrative Medicine 2023年第9期29卷 818-824页

作者： Sahar Idris Anuradha Mishra Mohammad Khushtar Faculty of Pharmacy Integral UniversityDasauliLucknow226026Uttar PradeshIndia Amity Institute of Pharmacy LucknowAmity University Uttar PradeshNoida201313India

Objective To quantify phytochemicals using liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy(LCMS)analysis and explore the therapeutic effect of Aesculus hippocastanum L.(AH)seeds ethanolic extract against gastric ulcers in *** Preliminary phytochemical testing and LCMS analysis were performed according to standard *** treatment,the animals were divided into 7 groups including normal control,ulcer control,self-healing,AH seeds low and high doses,ranitidine and per se *** were orally administered with 10 mg/kg of indomethacin,excluding the normal control group(which received 1%carboxy methyl cellulose)and the per se group(received 200 mg/kg AH seeds extract).The test group rats were then given 2 doses of AH seeds extract(100 and 200 mg/kg,respectively),while the standard group was given ranitidine(50 mg/kg).On the 11th day,rats in all groups were sacrificed,and their stomach was isolated to calculate the ulcer index,and other parameters such as blood prostaglandin(PGE2),tissue superoxide dismutase(SOD),catalase(CAT),malonyldialdehyde(MDA),and glutathione(GSH).All isolated stomach tissues were analyzed for histopathological *** The phytochemical examination shows that the AH seeds contain alkaloids,flavonoids,saponins,phenolic components,and *** analysis confirms the presence of quercetin and *** AH seeds extract showed significant improvement in gastric mucosa conditions after indomethacin-induced gastric lesions(P<0.01).Further marked improvement in blood PGE2 and antioxidant enzymes,SOD,CAT,MDA and GSH,were observed compared with self-healing and untreated ulcer-induced groups(P<0.01).Histopathology results confirmed that AH seeds extract improved the mucosal layer and gastric epithelial membrane in treated groups compared to untreated ulcer-induced *** LCMS report confirms the presence of quercetin and rutin in AH seeds ethanolic *** therapeutic effect of AH seeds extract against indomethacin

关键词： Aesculus hippocastanum L. pharmacological action phytochemical physicochemical analysis liquid chromatography and mass spectroscopy analysis gastro-protective activity

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Basic properties of sintering dust from iron and steel plant and potassium recovery

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2013年第6期25卷 1226-1234页

作者： Guang Zhan Zhancheng Guo State Key Laboratory of Advanced Metallurgy University of Science and Technology

With the production of crude steel, China produces several million tons of sintering dusts which contain a great deal of valuable metals such as, K, Na, Zn, Pb. If discharged directly without adequate treatment, these elements can lead to adverse effects on the environment. Therefore, it is very necessary to determine how to separate these elements from the dust before discharge, Several physical and chemical detection methods were used to study the basic properties of sintering dust. At the same time, preliminary experiments on the recovery of the potassium resources from the sintering dust were carried out. The mean particle size of the electrostatic precipitator （ESP） dust determined by a laser granulometer was 41.468 ~tm. Multi-point BET and single-point BET analysis showed that the surface area of the ESP dust was 2.697 mZ/g. XRD measurements detected the following phases in the ESP dust： Fe203, Fe304, KC1 and NaC1, and Fe203, Fe304 and SiO2 in the water-washed dust. SEM-EDS results proved that in the ESP dust, K mostly existed in the form of KC1 particles without being coated. Leaching experiments showed that the KCI in the ESP dust could be separated and recovered by water leaching and fractional crystallization. Through the recovery experiments, the yield of K-Na vaporized crystalline salt was 18.56%, in which the mass fractions of KCl, NaCl, CaSO4 and K2SO4 were about 61.03%, 13.58%, 14.03% and 9.97%, respectively. This process is technically viable and considerable in economic benefit. There was almost no secondary pollution produced in the whole recovery process.

关键词： sintering dust physicochemical analysis recovery experiment potassium resource

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analysis of the Level of Pollutants in the ICS Location Area

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Open Journal of Air Pollution 2023年第3期12卷 92-101页

作者： Sokhna Die Ka Dia Issa Samb Ousmane Niass Thaddée Adiouma Seck Gorgui Ka Natural Justice Hub de Dakar Senegal Organic and Therapeutic Chemistry Research Team (ECOT) Department of Chemistry University Alioune Diop Bambey Senegal

The present study deals with the analysis of the level of pollution found in the area where the Chemical Industries of Senegal (ICS) is located. The results of various field surveys and physicochemical analyses show a high exposure of sulphur and phosphate. This study aims to define abatement strategies to reduce the effects of pollution in the area where ICS is located and mitigate the harmful impacts to the health of the population by creating a system to inform the population of the level of concentration of pollutants in the environment. This will allow the different targets to understand pollution, its manifestations and its effects on health and the environment, prevention, participation in the limitation of pollutant emissions and the formation of eco-citizens sensitive to the issue of environmental pollution of ICS.

关键词： Environment Pollutants physicochemical analysis

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Mineralogy,physicochemical and oxidative thermal analyses of Cretaceous coals from the Benue Trough,Nigeria

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Energy Geoscience 2021年第2期2卷 129-135页

作者： Segun A.Akinyemi Bemgba B.Nyakuma Aliyu Jauro Olajide F.Adebayo Olusola A.OlaOlorun Adebanji K.Adegoke Adeyinka O.Aturamu Ademuyiwa Adetunji Wilson M.Gitari Rabelani Mudzielwana Department of Geology Faculty of ScienceEkiti State UniversityP.M.B 5363Ado EkitiEkiti StateNigeria School of Chemical and Energy Engineering Faculty of EngineeringUniversiti Teknologi Malaysia81310SkudaiJohor BahruMalaysia National Centre for Petroleum Research and Development AbubakarTafawa Balewa UniversityP.M.B 0248BauchiBauchi StateNigeria Department of Geology Obafemi Awolowo UniversityP.M.B 13Ile-IfeOsun StateNigeria Department of Ecology and Resources Management University of VendaPrivate Bag X5050Thohoyandou0950LimpopoSouth Africa

The erratic supply of electricity in Nigeria has renewed interest in the utilisation of coal for energy selfsufficiency and diversification of the national energy *** this study,selected coal samples from three regions of the Benue Trough Basin were examined through pore water chemistry,X-ray diffraction(XRD),and thermosgravimetric analysis(TGA).The low pH observed for the Lower Benue Trough(LBT)coals indicates the release of sulphur and acids during *** analyses reveal quartz,kaolinite,montmorillonite,albite,pyrite,gypsum and sodium chlorate in the coal *** genetic kaolinite species identified in Imeagha(IMG)coal are detrital kaolinite and the highly crystalline neomorphic *** and jarosite minerals occurred in minor quantities in Garin Maiganga(GMG),whereas significant amount of pyrite was detected in Enugu(ENG)*** thermal degradation resulted in the residual mass(RM)ranging between 4.35%and 56.96%and mass losses(ML)between 43.04%and 95.65%due to the drying,devolatilization,and coke formation in the *** most reactive coal examined was GMG coal,whereas the least reactive was IMG ***(LMZ),GMG,and OKB coals are suited for electricity generation,whereas ENG and IMG coals can be utilised for cement production.

关键词： Benue trough Cretaceous coal Mineralogy physicochemical analysis Thermogravimetry

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Mineralogical and Chemical Characteristics of Clays Consumed in the District of Abidjan(Cote D’Ivoire)

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Materials Sciences and Applications 2014年第14期5卷 1048-1059页

作者： Vamoussa Coulibaly Joseph Sei Leon Konan Koffi Samuel Oyetola El-Aid Jdid Fabien Thomas Laboratoire de Chimie des Materiaux Inorganiques UFR SSMTUniversite Felix Houphouet-Boigny de Cocody-AbidjanAbidjanCote d’Ivoire Universite de Lorraine Laboratoire Georessources—UMR 7359Rue du Doyen RoubaultVandoeuvreFrance CNRS Laboratoire Georessources—UMR 7359Rue du Doyen RoubaultVandoeuvreFrance Universite de Lorraine Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux—UMR 736015 rue du CharmoisVandoeuvreFrance CNRS Laboratoire Interdisciplinaire des Environnements Continentaux—UMR 736015 rue du CharmoisVandoeuvreFrance

Clay materials of the quarry of Bingerville (district of Abidjan) have been characterized by chemical analysis, X-rays diffraction, infrared spectroscopy and thermal analysis. These materials contain kaolinite (41% - 84%), illite (4% - 10%), quartz (14% - 27%), goethite (2% - 5%) and small amount of rutile (1%) that are not toxic minerals. They also contain some heavy metals which are beneficial to human biological activity (cobalt, copper, molybdenum, zinc) in tiny quantities. Some other heavy metals (lead, cadmium) which are considered as poisonous for human are present in very low content. The samples characterized by relatively fine grains are moderately crystallized. Their specific surface area varied from 26 to 43 m2·g—1. The mineralogical and physicochemical characteristics of these samples are like ones known for their healing properties. The consumption by internal way of studied materials, although it may be beneficial, requires a sifting to remove coarse grains (Φ > 2 μm) and a previous microbiological control.

关键词： Mineralogy physicochemical analysis Kaolinite Illite Edibility

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Contribution to the physicochemical and Organoleptic Study of Two Olive Oils of Traditional and Industrial Extraction of the Wilaya of Tlemcen

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Journal of Agricultural Chemistry and Environment 2019年第2期8卷 107-114页

作者： Sarra Selka Amal Khayra Tchouar Sidi Mohamed Amrani Laboratory of Physiology Physiopathology and Biochemistry of Nutrition(PPABIONUT)Department of BiologyFaculty of Natural and Life SciencesEarth and UniverseAbou-Bekr Belkaid University TlemcenTlemcenAlgeria Department of Agroforestry Faculty of Natural and Life SciencesEarth and UniverseAbou-Bekr Belkaid University TlemcenTlem-cenAlgeria Department of Biology Plant Ecology LaboratoryFaculty of Natural and Life SciencesEarth and UniverseAbou-Bekr Belkaid Uni-versity TlemcenTlemcenAlgeria

Virgin olive oil is obtained from the fruit of the olive tree, and only using physical processes, without resorting to refining steps, the absence of the latter allows the olive oil to retain all its antioxidants. This work is a contribution to the characterization of the properties of olive oil in the region of Tlemcen. They relate more particularly to the comparison of the physicochemical properties of two oils, one from traditional extraction and the other from industrial extraction. To do this, the first objective of studies of the two chains of transformation (traditional and industrial) was made followed by a physicochemical and organoleptic comparison of these two oils of olives, to conclude on the advantages and disadvantages of each of the two processes.

关键词： Olive Oil Craft Industrial physicochemical analysis Sensory analysis

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Properties of Debadib Evaporates (Northern Tunisia) for Potential Use in Industrial Fields

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Open Journal of Geology 2016年第12期6卷 1525-1538页

作者： Imed Ben Salah Moufida M’barek Jemaii Narjess Karoui-Yaakoub Ali Sdiri Noureddine Ben Ayed Department of Geology Sciences University of Bizerte Bizerte Tunisia Department of Georesources and Environment National Engineering School University of Sfax Sfax Tunisia

Gypsum is widely distributed in Tunisia occurring in the formation of Triassic age. The gypsum deposit of Mellegue is the alabastine type with a little of the porphyroblast type and contains traces of clay minerals and calcite. It is a moderately strong rock in terms of its unconfined compressive strength of 16 Mpa and tensile strength of 3.35 Mpa. Triaxial testing values indicated an apparent cohesion of 10 Mpa and an angle of friction of 26°. The gypsum studied had a percentage of SO3 of 41.71% and a percentage of CaO of 32.9%. All the samples had low densities according to the International Association of Engineering Geology (IAEG) classification and exhibited a moderate porosity whether effective or absolute. The gypsum proved to be moderately strong when tested in unconfined compression and tensile strength. Thermal analysis indicated a total weight loss of 20.27% and the whiteness index about 90%. This proved a high degree of whiteness. The time of setting can be considered short and medium, which is quite favorable for industrial application compared with other gypsum deposits currently operated.

关键词： Triassic Gypsum Deposit Mineralogical analysis physicochemical analysis Geotechnical Testing Industrial Use

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Spatiotemporal Portrait of the Quality of Water Supplied by REGIDESO/Butembo, Democratic Republic of the Congo

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Advances in Microbiology 2021年第5期11卷 225-242页

作者： Phalek Kasereka Katswangene Woto Réné Oleko Malumba Zoé-Arthur Kazadi Faculty of Agriculture Adventist University of Lukanga Butembo Democratic Republic of the Congo Department of Biotechnology Faculty of Sciences University of Kisangani Kisangani Democratic Republic of the Congo

Access to drinking water is still a daily struggle for millions of people living mainly in developing countries. As a matter of concern, the main problem with regard to the use of safe drinking water mainly concerns its physicochemical and microbiological quality. This study has been carried out with the aim of contributing to a better understanding of the spatiotemporal variability of the quality of the water supplied by two drinking water distribution system of the REGIDESO in the city of Butembo (DR Congo). Its target is to have a view on its evolution in a period of six months even after the combination of its two networks. The methodology hinges around the microbiological and physicochemical analysis of the waters of eight sites identified on these networks. It results from this study that almost the treated water samples presented values, which did not comply with the WHO quality guidelines for many microbiological physicochemical parameters. Thus, the means of bio-indicators numbers are as following: Germs revivable at 37 oC (29.36 > 10 CFU/ml), total coliforms (21.89 > 0 CFU/ml), thermo-tolerant coliforms (3.53 > 0 CFU/ml,) Escherichia coli (1.25 > 0 CFU/ml) and enterococci (0.14 > 0 CFU/ml) while, for the Salmonella and Shigella (0.3056 > 0 CFU/ml). In addition, only the 3/5 (e.g. 60%) of the mean numbers of Enterococci and numbers of Salmonella & Shigella of the treated water samples fit WHO norms. Moreover, seven physicochemical parameters presented general averages far from the admissible maximal values (AMV). There are Ammonia (1.67 > 0.5 mg/L), Ammonium (0.32 > 0.3 mg /L), Iron (0.36 > 0.3 mg/l), Nitrate (55.94 > 50 mg /L), pH (6.03 8oC - 15oC) and Turbidity (6.57 > 5 N.T.U). This reveals a high exposure of the population of Butembo to the health risk related to the use (consumption) of this water.

关键词： Water Quality Microbiological analysis physicochemical analysis Water Networks REGIDESO

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Characterization of biogenic amines and factors influencing their formation in traditional Chinese sausages

Characterization of biogenic amines and factors influencing ...

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全国农产品质量控制与溯源技术交流研讨会

作者： Shiling Lu~(a,) Xinglian Xu~(a*),Ruihua Shu~a,Guanghong Zhou~a,Yong Meng~c,Yongming Sun~a, Yanping Chen~a,Peng wang~a a Key Lab of Meat Processing and Quality Control,Ministry of Education,College of Food Science and Technology,Nanjing Agricultural University,Nanjing 210095,PR China c Freshwater Fisheries Research Institute of Jiangsu Province,Nanjing 210017,PR China

Biogenic amines in 42 traditional Chinese sausage samples obtained from different regions were determined by *** result showed that cadaverine was the major amine,followed by tyramine and *** groups of samples were identified on the basis of total amines,by cluster *** A included samples showing low amine contents(76.5-220 mg/kg) and accounted for 28.5%of the sausages *** B included samples with moderate amine contents(220-600 mg/kg) and accounted for 45.2%.Group C included 11.9%of the samples showing high total biogenic amines contents(600- 1OOOmg/kg) and group D contained 14.28%of the samples showing very high levels of biogenic amines (higher than 1000 mg/kg).High correlation coefficients were found between the total counts of Enterobacteria and concentrations of total biogenic amines(r= 0.73).Sanitary quality of raw materials and the specific flora are import factors influencing biogenic amines formation in traditional Chinese sausages.

关键词： traditional Chinese sausage biogenic amines microorganism physicochemical analysis food safety

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