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Using the endocannabinoid system as a neuroprotective strategy in perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第8期8卷 731-744页

作者： Lara-Celador I. Goi-de-Cerio F. Antonia Alvarez Enrique Hilario Department of Cell Biology and Histology School of Medicine and DentistryUniversity of the Basque Country GAIKER Technology Centre Bizkaia Science and Technology Park

One of the most important causes of brain injury in the neonatal period is a perinatal hypoxicischemic *** devastating condition can lead to long-term neurological deficits or even *** hypoxic-ischemic brain injury,a variety of specific cellular mechanisms are set in motion,triggering cell damage and finally producing cell *** therapeutic treatments against this phenomenon are still unavailable because of complex molecular mechanisms underlying hypoxic-ischemic brain *** a thorough understanding of the mechanism underlying neural plasticity following hypoxic-ischemic brain injury,various neuroprotective therapies have been developed for alleviating brain injury and improving long-term *** them,the endocannabinoid system emerges as a natural system of *** endocannabinoid system modulates a wide range of physiological processes in mammals and has demonstrated neuroprotective effects in different paradigms of acute brain injury,acting as a natural *** aim of this review is to study the use of different therapies to induce long-term therapeutic effects after hypoxic-ischemic brain injury,and analyze the important role of the endocannabinoid system as a new neuroprotective strategy against perinatal hypoxic-ischemic brain injury.

关键词： neural regeneration reviews perinatal hypoxia-ischemia brain injury brain plasticity,neuroprotective strategies cannabinoid system grants-supported paper photographs-containingpaper neuroregeneration

The novel amyloid-beta peptide aptamer inhibits intracellular amyloid-beta peptide toxicity

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第1期8卷 39-48页

作者： Xu Wang Yi Yang Mingyue Jia Chi Ma Mingyu Wang Lihe Che Yu Yang Jiang Wu Department of Neurology First Hospital of Jilin University Department of Neurosurgery First Hospital of Jilin University Department of Infection First Hospital of Jilin University

Amyloid β peptide binding alcohol dehydrogenase （ABAD） decoy peptide （DP） can competitively antagonize binding of amyloid β peptide to ABAD and inhibit the cytotoxic effects of amyloid β peptide. Based on peptide aptamers, the present study inserted ABAD-DP into the disulfide bond of human thioredoxin （TRX） using molecular cloning technique to construct a fusion gene that can express the TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 aptamer. Moreover, adeno-associated virus was used to allow its stable expression. Immunofluorescent staining revealed the co-expression of the transduced fusion gene TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 and amyloid β peptide in NIH-3T3 cells, indicating that the TRXl-ABAD-DP-TRX2 aptamer can bind amyloid β peptide within cells. In addition, cell morphology and MTT results suggested that TRX1-ABAD-DP-TRX2 attenuated amyloid β peptide-induced SH-SY5Y cell injury and improved cell viability. These findings confirmed the possibility of constructing TRX-based peptide aptamer using ABAD-DP. Moreover, TRXl-ABAD-DP-TRX2 inhibited the cytotoxic effect of amyloid β peptide.

关键词： neural regeneration neurodegenerative disease gene therapy Alzheimer's disease aptamer amyloid ~ peptide amyloid ~ peptide binding alcohol dehydrogenase decoy peptide thioredoxinmitochondrial dysfunction molecular cloning grants-supported paper photographs-containingpaper neuroregeneration

Changes in brain activation patterns according to cross-training effect in serial reaction time task An functional MRI study

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第7期8卷 639-646页

作者： Yong Hyun Kwon Jung Won Kwon Ji Won Park Department of Physical Therapy Yeungnam College of Science & Technology Department of Physical Therapy College of Health Science Catholic University of Daegu

Cross-training is a phenomenon related to motor learning, where motor performance of the untrained limb shows improvement in strength and skill execution following unilateral training of the homologous contralateral limb. We used functional MRI to investigate whether motor performance of the untrained limb could be improved using a serial reaction time task according to motor sequential learning of the trained limb, and whether these skill acquisitions led to changes in brain activation patterns. We recruited 20 right-handed healthy subjects, who were randomly allocated into training and control groups. The training group was trained in performance of a serial reaction time task using their non-dominant left hand, 40 minutes per day, for 10 days, over a period of 2 weeks. The control group did not receive training. Measurements of response time and percentile of response accuracy were performed twice during pre- and post-training, while brain functional MRI was scanned during performance of the serial reaction time task using the untrained right hand. In the training group, prominent changes in response time and percentile of response accuracy were observed in both the untrained right hand and the trained left hand between pre- and post-training. The control group showed no significant changes in the untrained hand between pre- and post-training. In the training group, the activated volume of the cortical areas related to motor function （i.e., primary motor cortex, premotor area, posterior parietal cortex） showed a gradual decrease, and enhanced cerebellar activation of the vermis and the newly activated ipsilateral dentate nucleus were observed during performance of the serial reaction time task using the untrained right hand, accompanied by the cross-motor learning effect. However, no significant changes were observed in the control group. Our findings indicate that motor skills learned over the 2-week training using the trained limb were transferred to the opposi

关键词： neural regeneration neuroimaging cross-training effects motor skill learning cortical activation cerebellar activation serial reaction time task functional MRI response time response accuracy primary motor cortex dentate nucleus vermis grants-supported paper photographs-containingpaper neuroregeneration

Use of various CT imaging methods for diagnosis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2013年第7期8卷 655-661页

作者： Gang Wang Xue Cheng Xianglin Zhang Department of Radiology the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University Department of Neurology the First Affiliated Hospital of Liaoning Medical University

Thirty-four patients with cerebral infarction and 18 patients with transient ischemic attack were examined by multi-slice spiral CT scan, CT perfusion imaging, and CT angiography within 6 hours after onset. By CT perfusion imaging, 29 cases in the cerebral infarction group and 10 cases in the transient ischemic attack group presented with abnormal blood flow perfusion, which corresponded to the clinical symptoms. By CT angiography, various degrees of vascular stenosis could be detected in 41 patients, including 33 in the cerebral infarction group and eight in the transient ischemic attack group. The incidence of intracranial artery stenosis was higher than that of extracranial artery stenosis. The intracranial artery stenosis was located predominantly in the middle cerebral artery and carotid artery siphon, while the extracranial artery stenosis occurred mainly in the bifurcation of the common carotid artery and the opening of the vertebral artery. There were 34 cases （83%） with convict vascular stenosis and perfusion abnormalities, and five cases （45%） with perfusion abnormalities but without convict vascular stenosis. The incidence of cerebral infarction in patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores 〉 5 points during onset was significantly higher than that in patients with National Institutes of Health Stroke Scale scores 〈 5 points. These experimental findings indicate that the combined application of various CT imaging methods allows early diagnosis of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease, which can comprehensively analyze the pathogenesis and severity of acute ischemic cerebrovascular disease at the morphological and functional levels.

关键词： neural regeneration neuroimaging clinical practice multi-slice spiral CT CT perfusion imaging CTangiography ischemic cerebrovascular disease diagnosis cerebraJ infarction transient ischemicattack perfusion neurological function deficit grants-supported paper photographs-containingpaper neuroregeneration