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Dynamical Criticality:Overview and Open Questions

Journal of Systems Science & Complexity 2018年第3期31卷 647-663页

作者： ROLI Andrea VILLANI Marco FILISETTI Alessandro SERRA Roberto Department of Computer Science and Engineering (DISI) Campus of Cesena University of Bologna Italy Department of Physics Informatics and Mathematics University of Modena and Reggio Emilia Italy European Centre for Living Technology Venezia Italy Explora s.r.l. Roma Italy & European Centre for Living Technology Venezia Italy

Systems that exhibit complex behaviours are often found in a particular dynamical con- dition, poised between order and disorder. This observation is at the core of the so-called criticality hypothesis, which states that systems in a dynamical regime between order and disorder attain the highest level of computational capabilities and achieve an optimal trade-off between robustness and flexibility. Recent results in cellular and evolutionary biology, ueuroscience and computer science have revitalised the interest in the criticality hypothesis, emphasising its role as a viable candidate general law in adaptive complex systems. This paper provides an overview of the works on dynamical criticality that are -- To the best of our knowledge -- Particularly relevant for the criticality hypothesis. The authors review the main contributions concerning dynamics and information processing at the edge of chaos, and illustrate the main achievements in the study of critical dynamics in biological systems. Finally, the authors discuss open questions and propose an agenda for future work.

关键词： Attractors criticality dynamical regimes edge of chaos phase transitions.

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THERMO-RESPONSIVE BLOCK COPOLYMERS BASED ON LINEAR-TYPE POLY(ETHYLENE GLYCOL):TUNABLE LCST WITHIN THE PHYSIOLOGICAL RANGE

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2012年第5期30卷 770-776页

作者： Guo-liang Yue Qian-ling Cui Yu-xi Zhang Er-jian Wang 吴飞鹏 Technical Institute of Physics and Chemistry Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing100190China Graduate School of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing100049China

Therrno-responsive block copolymers poly（ethylene glycol）-block-poly（N-acryloyl-2,2-dimethyl-1,3-oxazolidine）, PEG-b-PADMO, based on linear PEG were prepared via a versatile reversible addition-fragmentation chain transfer （RAFT） polymerization, PEG22 （Mw = 1000） was used as the hydrophilic component, whose dehydration was the main driving force for the phase transition of these copolymers, as demonstrated by the tH-NMR spectra. Their lower critical solution temperatures （LCSTs） could be tuned in the range of 20℃ to 35℃, by adjusting the degree of polymerization （DP） of PADMO between 14-27. Furthermore, a sharp phase transition at ca. 33℃, close to the physiological temperature with minimal hysteresis, was observed for the PEGzz-b-PADMO14 copolymer. Moreover, excellent reversibility and reproducibility were displayed for the same copolymer over 10 cycles of repeated temperature change between 25℃ （below the LCST） and 40℃ （above the LCST）.

关键词： Thermo-responsive Block copolymers Linear PEG phase transitions.

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phase STRUCTURES AND TRANSITION BEHAVIORS OF A TRIPHENYLENE DISCOTIC LIQUID CRYSTAL

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Chinese Journal of Polymer Science 2007年第1期25卷 57-71页

作者： Kwang-Un Jeong Alexander J.Jing Bart Mansdorf Matthew J.Graham Frank W.Harris 程正迪 Maurice Morton Institute and Department of Polymer Science The University of AkronAkronOhio 44325-3909USA

The phase behaviors and structures of a triphenylene-derived discotic liquid crystal （LC） hexa-n-octoxyl- triphenylene （C8HET） were studied using the combined techniques of differential scanning calorimetry （DSC）, wide angle X-ray diffraction （WAXD）, selected area electron diffraction （SAED） and polarized light microscopy （PLM）. Onedimensional （1D） powder WAXD results at different temperatures coupled with DSC and PLM observations revealed that the C8HET compound possessed an LC phase and three different crystalline （K3, K2 and K1） phases below the isotropic （I） melt. The I←→ LC phase transition was thermodynamically reversible and independent of the heating and cooling rates. The development and experimental observation of the three crystalline phases relied on different thermal histories. Among the three crystalline phases in CSHET, the K3 phase is the most stable phase, while the K2 and K1 phases are metastable. Note that the K1 phase only formed via a quenching process. Oh the basis of structure sensitive diffraction experiments such as 2D WAXD of oriented samples and SAED of single crystals, detailed structures and molecular packings of these four ordered phases were identified. The LC phase exhibited a hexagonal columnar phase with 2D lattice dimensions ofa = b = 2.38 nm and γ= 120°. All the three crystalline phases possess monoclinic unit cells, yet the y angle is not 90° in the cases of the K2 and the K3 phases, while in the case of the K1 phase the a angle is not 90°.

关键词： Triphenylene discotic liquid crystal Metastability Crystal structure Columnar phase phase transitions.

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