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phages and their potential to modulate the microbiome and immunity

Cellular & Molecular Immunology 2021年第4期18卷 889-904页

作者： Sara Federici Samuel P.Nobs Eran Elinav Immunology Department Weizmann Institute of ScienceRehovot 7610001Israel Cancer-Microbiome Division Deutsches Krebsforschungszentrum(DKFZ) Neuenheimer Feld 28069120 HeidelbergGermany

Bacteriophages(hence termed phages)are viruses that target bacteria and have long been considered as potential future treatments against antibiotic-resistant bacterial ***,the molecular nature of phage interactions with bacteria and the human host has remained elusive for decades,limiting their therapeutic *** many phages and their functional repertoires remain unknown,the advent of next-generation sequencing has increasingly enabled researchers to decode new lytic and lysogenic mechanisms by which they attack and destroy ***,the last decade has witnessed a renewed interest in the utilization of phages as therapeutic vectors and as a means of targeting pathogenic or commensal bacteria or inducing ***,the narrow host range,immense antibacterial repertoire,and ease of manipulating phages may potentially allow for their use as targeted modulators of pathogenic,commensal and pathobiont members of the microbiome,thereby impacting mammalian physiology and immunity along mucosal surfaces in health and in microbiomeassociated *** this review,we aim to highlight recent advances in phage biology and how a mechanistic understanding of phage-bacteria-host interactions may facilitate the development of novel phage-based *** provide an overview of the challenges of the therapeutic use of phages and how these could be addressed for future use of phages as specific modulators of the human microbiome in a variety of infectious and noncommunicable human diseases.

关键词： Microbiota Microbiome phages

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Release the iron: does the infection of magnetotactic bacteria by phages play a role in making iron available in aquatic environments?

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Journal of Oceanology and Limnology 2021年第6期39卷 2063-2069页

作者： Igor TAVEIRA Dennis ABAZYLINSKI Fernanda ABREU Instituto de Microbiologia Paulo de Góes Departamento de Microbiologia GeralUniversidade Federal do Rio de JaneiroRio de Janeiro 21941-902Brazil School of Life Sciences University of Nevada at Las VegasLas Vegas 94720USA

Magnetotactic bacteria(MTB)are ubiquitous prokaryotes that orient along magnetic field lines due to magnetosomes’biomineralization within the *** structures are ferrimagnetic organelles that impart a magnetic moment to the *** succeed in producing magnetosomes,MTB accumulate iron in(i)cytoplasm;(ⅱ)magnetosomes;and(ⅲ)nearby the *** has already been estimated that a single MTB has an iron content of 10 to 100-fold higher than Escherichia *** are the most abundant entity in oceans and are known for controlling nutrient flow such as carbon and nitrogen by viral shunt and *** current work addresses the putative role of phages that infect MTB on the iron biogeochemical *** phage infection in MTB hosts cause a biogenic iron fertilization-like event in localized microenvironments?Are phages critical players in driving magnetosome biomineralization genes(BGs)horizontal transfer?Further investigation of those events,including frequency of occurrence,is necessary to fully comprehend MTB’s effect on iron cycling in aqueous environments.

关键词： horizontal gene transfer iron biogeochemical cycle magnetotactic bacteria magnetosome biomineralization genes phages

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Challenges and innovations in treating chronic and acute wound infections:from basic science to clinical practice

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Burns & Trauma 2022年第1期10卷 513-528页

作者： Xiaotong Ding Qinghan Tang Zeyu Xu Ye Xu Hao Zhang Dongfeng Zheng Shuqin Wang Qian Tan Joanneke Maitz Peter K.Maitz Shaoping Yin Yiwei Wang Jun Chen School of Pharmacy Jiangsu Provincial Engineering Research Center of Traditional Chinese Medicine External Medication Development and ApplicationNanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210023People’s Republic of China Department of Burns and Plastic Surgery The affiliated Drum TowHospital of Nanjing University of Chinese MedicineNanjing 210008People’s Republic of China Burns Injury and Reconstructive Surgery Research ANZAC Research InstituteUniversity of SydneySydneyAustralia2137 Burns Unit Concord Repatriation General HospitalConcordAustralia 2137

Acute and chronic wound infection has become a major worldwide healthcare burden leading to significantly high morbidity and *** underlying mechanism of infections has been widely investigated by scientist,while standard wound management is routinely been used in general ***,strategies for the diagnosis and treatment of wound infections remain a great challenge due to the occurrence of biofilm colonization,delayed healing and drug *** the present review,we summarize the common microorganisms found in acute and chronic wound infections and discuss the challenges from the aspects of clinical diagnosis,non-surgical methods and surgical ***,we highlight emerging innovations in the development of antimicrobial peptides,phages,controlled drug delivery,wound dressing materials and herbal medicine,and find that sensitive diagnostics,combined treatment and skin microbiome regulation could be future directions in the treatment of wound infection.

关键词： Wound infections Skin microbiome Diagnosis Antimicrobial wound dressings Herbal medicine Hydrogels Antimicrobial peptides phages Drug delivery

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Genetic analysis of structural proteins in the adsorption apparatus of bacteriophage epsilon 15

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World Journal of Virology 2013年第4期2卷 152-159页

作者： Jared A Guichard Paula C Middleton Michael R Mc Connell Department of Biology Point Loma Nazarene UniversitySan Diego CA 92106 United States

AIM: To probe the organizational structure of the adsorption apparatus of bacteriophage epsilon 15(E15) using genetic and biochemical methodology METHODS: Hydroxylamine was used to create nonsense mutants of bacteriophage E15. The mutants were then screened for defects in their adsorption apparatus proteins, initially by measuring the concentrations of free tail spike proteins in lysates of cells that had been infected by the phage mutants under nonpermissive growth conditions. Phage strains whose infected cell lysates contained above-average levels of free tail spike protein under non-permissive growth conditions were assumed to contain nonsense mutations in genes coding for adsorption apparatus *** mutants were characterized by classical genetic mapping methods as well as automated sequencing of several of their genes. Finally, sodium dodecyl sulfatepolyacrylamide gel electrophoresis and autoradiography were used to examine the protein compositions of the radioactive particles produced when the various mutants were grown on a non-permissive host cell in the presence of 35S-methionine and co-purified along with E15 wt phage on Cs Cl block ***: Our results are consistent with gp4 forming the portal ring structure of E15. In addition, they show that proteins gp15 and gp17 likely comprise the central tube portion of the E15 adsorption apparatus, with gp17 being more distally positioned than gp15 and dependent upon both gp15 and gp16 for its attachment. Finally, our data indicates that tail spike proteins comprised of gp20 can assemble onto nascent virions that contain gp7, gp10, gp4 and packaged DNA, but which lack both gp15 and gp17, thereby forming particles that are of sufficient stability to survive Cs Cl buoyant density ***: The portal ring(gp4) of E15 is bound to tail spikes(gp20) and the tail tube(gp15 and gp17); gp17's attachment requires both gp15 and gp16.

关键词： Epsilon15 Virion structure Salmonella phages

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