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A new heuristics model of simulating pedestrian dynamics based on Voronoi diagram

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第1期30卷 623-639页

作者：武鑫森岳昊刘秋梅张旭邵春福 Key Laboratory of Transport Industry of Big Data Application Technologies for Comprehensive Transport Ministry of TransportBeijing Jiaotong UniversityBeijing 100044China College of Civil Engineering and Architecture Henan University of TechnologyZhengzhou 450001China

A new heuristics model based on the Voronoi diagram is presented to simulate pedestrian dynamics with the noncrowded state, in which these mechanisms of preference demand evading and surpassing, microscopic anti-deadlock, and site-fine-tuning are considered. The preference demand describes the willingness determination of detouring or following other pedestrians. In the evading and surpassing mechanisms, in order to achieve a balance between avoiding conflicts and minimizing detour distances, a new pair of concepts: "allow-areas and denial-areas" are introduced to divide the feasible region for pedestrians detour behaviors, in which the direction and magnitude of detour velocity are determined.A microscopic anti-deadlock mechanism is inserted to avoid deadlock problem of the counter-directional pedestrian. A site-fine-tuning mechanism is introduced to describe the behavior of avoiding getting too close to the neighbors in pedestrian movement. The presented model is verified through multiple scenarios, including the uni-or bi-direction pedestrian flow in the corridor without obstacles, the uni-direction pedestrian flow in the corridor with obstacles, and the pedestrian evacuation from a room with single-exit. The simulation results show that the velocity–density relationship is consistent with empirical data. Some self-organizing phenomena, such as lanes formation and arching are observed in the *** pedestrians detour an obstacle, the avoiding area before the obstacle and the unoccupied area after the obstacle can be observed. When pedestrians evacuate through a bottleneck without panic, the fan-shaped crowd can be found, which is consistent with the actual observation. It is also found that the behavior of following others in an orderly manner is more conducive to the improvement of the overall movement efficiency when the crowd moves in a limited space.

关键词： pedestrian dynamics pedestrian simulation heuristics rules Voronoi diagram

Using agent-based simulation to assess diseaseprevention measures during pandemics

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第9期30卷 643-651页

作者：童蕴贺 Christopher King 胡杨慧 Department of Engineering Mathematics University of BristolBristol BS81UBUK State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230027China

Despite the growing interest in macroscopic epidemiological models to deal with threats posed by pandemics such as COVID-19,little has been done regarding the assessment of disease spread in day-to-day life,especially within buildings such as supermarkets where people must obtain necessities at the risk of exposure to ***,we propose an integrated customer shopping simulator including both shopper movement and choice behavior,using a force-based and discrete choice model,*** a simple extension to the force-based model,we implement the following preventive measures currently taken by supermarkets;social distancing and one-way systems,and different customer habits,assessing them based on the average individual disease exposure and the time taken to complete shopping(shopping efficiency).Results show that maintaining social distance is an effective way to reduce exposure,but at the cost of shopping *** find that the one-way system is the optimal strategy for reducing exposure while minimizing the impact on shopping *** should also visit supermarkets less frequently,but buy more when they do,if they wish to minimize their *** hope that this work demonstrates the potential of pedestrian dynamics simulations in assessing preventative measures during pandemics,particularly if it is validated using empirical data.

关键词： pedestrian dynamics occupant exposure COVID-19 simulation study

Multi-grid simulation of pedestrian counter flow with topological interaction

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Chinese Physics B 2010年第12期19卷 586-594页

作者：马剑宋卫国廖光煊 State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of China College of Traffic and Transportation Southwest Jiaotong University

We investigate the dynamics of pedestrian counter flow by using a multi-grid topological pedestrian counter flow model. In the model, each pedestrian occupies multi- rather than only one grid, and interacts with others in the form of topological interaction, which means that a moving pedestrian interacts with a fixed number of those nearest neighbours coming from the opposite direction to determine his/her own moving direction. Thus the discretization of space and time are much finer, the decision making process of the pedestrian is more reliable, which all together makes the moving behaviour and boundary conditions much more realistic. When compared with field observations, it can be found that the modified model is able to reproduce well fitted pedestrian collective behaviour such as dynamical variation of lane formation, clustering of pedestrians in the same direction, etc. The fundamental diagram produced by the model fits also well with field data in thc frce flow region. Further analyses indicate that with the increase of the size of pedestrian counter flow system, it becomes harder for the system to transit into a jamming state, while the increase of interaction range does not change the transition point from free flow to jamming flow in the multi-grid topological counter flow model. It is also found that the asymmetry of the injection rate of pedestrians on the boundaries has direct influence on the process of transition from free flow to jamming flow, i.e., a symmetric injection makes it easier for the system to transit into jamming flow.

关键词： pedestrian dynamics topological interaction multi-grid model lane formation

Efficient Dynamic Floor Field Methods for Microscopic pedestrian Crowd Simulations

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Communications in Computational Physics 2014年第6期16卷 264-286页

作者： Dirk Hartmann Peter Hasel Siemens AG Corporate Technology80200 MunichGermany

Floor field methods are one of the most popular medium-scale navigation concepts in microscopic pedestrian *** introduced dynamic floor field methods have significantly increased the realism of such simulations,*** of spatio-temporal patterns of pedestrian densities in simulations with real world *** methods update floor fields continuously taking other pedestrians into *** implies that computational times are mainly determined by the calculation of floor *** this work,we propose a new computational approach for the construction of dynamic floor *** approach is based on the one hand on adaptive grid concepts and on the other hand on a directed calculation of floor fields,*** calculation is restricted to the domain of *** both techniques the computational complexity can be reduced by a factor of 10 as demonstrated by several realistic *** on-line simulations,a requirement of many applications,are possible for moderate realistic scenarios.

关键词： pedestrian dynamics cellular automata adaptive grids floor field methods fast marching method navigation.

Experimental study on age and gender differences in microscopic movement characteristics of students

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Chinese Physics B 2021年第9期30卷 633-642页

作者：王嘉悦 Maik Boltes Armin Seyfried Antoine Tordeux 张俊翁文国 Public Order School People's Public Security University of ChinaBeijing 100038China Center for Capital Social Safety People's Public Security University of ChinaBeijing 100038China Public Security Behavioral Science Laboratory People's Public Security University of ChinaBeijing 100038China Institute for Advanced Simulation Forschungszentrum JülichJülich 52428Germany Faculty of Architecture and Civil Engineering University of WuppertalWuppertal 42119Germany School of Mechanical Engineering and Safety Engineering University of WuppertalWuppertal 42119Germany State Key Laboratory of Fire Science University of Science and Technology of ChinaHefei 230026China Institute of Public Safety Research Department of Engineering PhysicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 100084China

Campus security has aroused many concerns from the whole *** is one of the most frequent and influential accidents in *** on pedestrian dynamics especially focusing on students are essential for campus security,which are helpful to improve facility design and emergency evacuation *** this paper,primary and middle school students were recruited to participate in the single-file *** microscopic movement characteristics,including walking speed,headway,gait characteristics(step length,step frequency and swaying amplitude)and their relations were *** and gender differences in the headway-speed diagram and space requirements were analyzed by statistical *** results indicated that the impacts of age and gender were *** were three stages for the influence of gender on the headway-speed diagram for both age *** impacts on students'space requirements were consistent for different age and gender *** the impacts of age and gender on free-flow speed were affected by each *** to the connection of walking speed and gait characteristics,the comparisons of gait characteristics between different ages and genders were performed to understand the corresponding differences in speed more *** results showed that differences in step length and swaying amplitude between males and females were significant for both age *** effect of gender on step frequency was significant for primary *** for middle school students,whether gender had significant impact on step frequency was not clear here because of the large ***,the influence of age on gait characteristics changed with gender.

关键词： campus security microscopic movement characteristics pedestrian dynamics single-file movement experiments