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ozone episodes during and after the 2018 Chinese National Day holidays in Guangzhou:Implications for the control of precursor VOCs

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第4期34卷 322-333页

作者： Jun Wang Yanli Zhang Zhenfeng Wu Shilu Luo Wei Song Xinming Wang State Key Laboratory of Organic Geochemistry and Guangdong Key Laboratory of Environmental Protection and Resources Utilization Guangzhou Institute of GeochemistryChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510640China CAS Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China

The impact of reducing industrial emissions of volatile organic compounds(VOCs)on ozone(O_(3))pollution is of wide concern particularly in highly industrialized megacities.In this study,O_(3),nitrogen oxides(NOx)and VOCs were measured at an urban site in the Pearl River Delta region during the 2018 Chinese National Day Holidays and two after-holiday periods(one with ozone pollution and another without).O_(3)pollution occurred throughout the 7-day holidays even industrial emissions of VOCswere passively reduced due to temporary factory shutdowns,and the toluene to benzene ratios dropped from∼10 during non-holidays to∼5 during the holidays.Box model(AtChem2-MCM)simulations with the input of observation data revealed that O_(3)formation was all VOC-limited,and alkenes had the highest relative incremental reactivity(RIR)during the holiday and non-holiday O_(3)episodes while aromatics had the highest RIR during the non-pollution period.Box model also demonstrated that even aromatics decreased proportionally to levels with near-zero contributions of industrial aromatic solvents,O_(3)concentrations would only decrease by less than 20%during the holiday and non-holiday O_(3)episodes and ozone pollution in the periods could not be eliminated.The results imply that controlling emissions of industrial aromatic solvents might be not enough to eliminate O_(3)pollution in the region,and more attention should be paid to anthropogenic reactive alkenes.Isoprene and formaldehyde were among the top 3 species by RIRs in all the three pollution and non-pollution periods,suggesting substantial contribution to O_(3)formation from biogenic VOCs.

关键词： ozone ozone precursors Volatile organic compounds Box model Master Chemical Mechanism(MCM)

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Biogenic volatile organic compounds dominated the near-surface ozone generation in Sichuan Basin,China,during fall and wintertime

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第7期141卷 215-224页

作者： Dasheng Huang Qing Li Yan Han Shi-Yong Xia Jiawei Zhou Hanxiong Che Keding Lu Fumo Yang Xin Long Yang Chen Research Center for Atmospheric Environment Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent Technology Chinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China College of Resources and Environment Chongqing SchoolUniversity of the Chinese Academy of Sciences(UCAS Chongqing)Chongqing 400714China College of Environmental and Chemical Engineering Chongqing Three Gorges UniversityChongqing 404199China Key Laboratory for Urban Habitat Environmental Science and Technology School of Environment and EnergyPeking University Shenzhen Graduate SchoolLishui RoadNanshan DistrictShenzhen 518055China SKL-ESPC and BIC-ESAT College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China College of Architecture&Environment Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China

The complex air pollution driven by both ozone(O_(3))and fine particulate matter(PM2.5)sig nificantly influences the air quality in the Sichuan Basin(SCB).Understanding the O_(3)for mation during autumn and winter is necessary to understand the atmospheric oxidative capacity.Therefore,continuous in-site field observations were carried out during the late summer,early autumn and winter of 2020 in a rural area of Chongqing.The total volatile organic compounds(VOCs)concentration reported by a Proton-Transfer-Reaction Time-of Flight Mass Spectrometry(PTR-ToF-MS)were 13.66±9.75 ppb,5.50±2.64 ppb,and 9.41±5.11 ppb in late summer,early autumn and winter,respectively.The anthropogenic VOCs(AVOCs)and biogenic VOCs(BVOCs)were 8.48±7.92 ppb and 5.18±2.99 ppb in late sum mer,3.31±1.89 ppb and 2.19±0.93 ppb in autumn,and 6.22±3.99 ppb and 3.20±1.27ppb in winter.A zero-dimensional atmospheric box model was employed to investigate the sensitivity of O_(3)-precursors by relative incremental reactivity(RIR).The RIR values of AV OCs,BVOCs,carbon monoxide(CO),and nitrogen oxides(NOx)were 0.31,0.71,0.09,and-0.36 for late summer,0.24,0.59,0.22,and-0.38 for early autumn,and 0.30,0.64,0.33 and-0.70 for winter,and the results showed that the O_(3)formation of sampling area was in the VOC-limited region,and O_(3)was most sensitive to BVOCs(with highest RIR values,>0.6)This study can be helpful in understanding O_(3)formation and interpreting the secondary formation of aerosols in the winter.

关键词： VOCs PTR-MS Model ozone

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Influence of biomass burning on ozone levels in the Megalopolis of Central Mexico during the COVID-19 lockdown

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第9期143卷 99-115页

作者： Victor Almanza Luis Gerardo Ruiz-Suárez Ricardo Torres-Jardón Agustín García-Reynoso Iván Y.Hernández-Paniagua Institute for Atmospheric Sciences and Climate Change National Autonomous University of MexicoCoyoacan 04510Mexico CityMexico

The massive reductions in anthropogenic emissions resulting from the COVID-19 lockdown provided a unique opportunity to evaluate the effect of mitigation measures aiming to abate air pollution.In Mexico,the total lockdown period took place during the dry-hot season when biomass burning activity is enhanced.Here,we investigate the role of biomass burning emissions on regional ozone levels in the Megalopolis of Central Mexico.The studied period covers the lockdown phases 2 and 3,and the first month of the New Normal.We applied a factor separation technique and process analysis to estimate the pure and synergistic contributions of emission reductions under lockdown and that from biomass burning to daily ozone maximum concentrations in 7 metropolitan areas of different states in the Megalopolis.The results revealed that biomass burning plumes likely masked the effect of massive reductions from mobile emissions,impacted the PBL development during phase 3 and favored transition and mixed NO_(x)-limited and VOC-limited regional regimes.This contributed to increased ozone production in the middle to lower PBL by changing the regional background levels which potentially could bias high ozone production efficiency estimations.Given the Megalopolis contribution to economic and societal development at national scale,our study suggests that ozone mitigation measures during the dry-hot season targeting mainly mobile emissions will likely be offset by biomass burning plumes.A regional and synergic policy aiming to control biomass burning would help to reduce the occurrence of high ozone levels in Central Mexico with the co-benefit of tackling short-lived climate pollutants.

关键词： COVID-19 Mexico Megalopolis ozone Factor Separation Process Analysis

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Exploring formation mechanism and source attribution of ozone during the 2019 Wuhan Military World Games:Implications for ozone control strategies

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第2期136卷 400-411页

作者： Lei Zhang Lili Wang Runyu Wang Nan Chen Yuan Yang Ke Li Jie Sun Dan Yao Yuesi Wang Minghui Tao Yang Sun Institute of Atmospheric Physics Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China University of the Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Hubei Ecological Environment Monitoring Center Station Wuhan 430072China Guizhou Research and Designing Institute of Environmental Sciences Guizhou Academy of Environmental Science and DesignGuiyang 550081China Jiangsu Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment Monitoring and Pollution Control Jiangsu Collaborative Innovation Center of Atmospheric Environment and Equipment TechnologySchool of Environmental Science and EngineeringNanjing University of Information Science and TechnologyNanjing 210044China School of Environment Key Laboratory for Yellow River and Huai River Water Environment and Pollution ControlMinistry of EducationHenan Normal UniversityXinxiang 453007China Key Laboratory of Regional Ecology and Environmental Change School of Geography and Information EngineeringChina University of GeosciencesWuhan 430074China

A series of emission reduction measures were conducted in Wuhan,Central China,to ensure good air quality during the 7th Military World Games(MWG)in October 2019.To better understand the implications for ozone(O_(3))pollution control strategies,we applied integrated analysis approaches based on the de-weathered statistical model,parameterization methods,chemical box model,and positive matrix factorization model.During the MWG,concentrations of O_(3),NO_x,and volatile organic compound(VOCs),OFP(O_(3)formation potential),L_(OH)(OH radical loss rate)were 83μg/m^(3),43μg/m^(3),26 ppbv,188μg/m^(3),and 3.9 s^(-1),respectively,which were 26%,18%,3%,15%,and 13%lower than pre-MWG values and 6%,39%,30%,33%,and 50%lower than post-MWG values,respectively.After removing meteorological influence,O_(3)and its precursors during the MWG decreased largely compared with post-MWG values,and only O_(3),NO_(2),and oxygenated VOCs(OVOCs)declined compared with pre-MWG values,which revealed the emission reduction measures during the MWG played an important role for O_(3)decline.For six VOCs sources,the mass contributions of biomass burning and solvents usage during the MWG decreased largely compared with pre-MWG values.O_(3)production was sensitive to VOCs and the key species were aromatics,OVOCs,and alkenes,which originated mainly from solvents usage,biomass burning,industrial-related combustion,and vehicle exhaust.Decreasing O_(3)concentration during the strict control was mainly caused by OVOCs reduction due to biomass burning control.Generally,the O_(3)abatement strategies of Wuhan should be focused on the mitigation of high-reactivity VOCs.

关键词： VOCs ozone Wuhan Military World Games Source apportionment Relative incremental reactivity Random forest

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An observed nocturnal ozone transport event in the Sichuan Basin,Southwestern China

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 10-18页

作者： Ruyue Guo Guangming Shi Dan Zhang Yang Chen Chao Peng Chongzhi Zhai Fumo Yang Department of Environmental Science and Engineering Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China College of Carbon Neutrality Future Technology Sichuan UniversityChengdu 610065China National Engineering Research Center on Flue Gas Desulfurization Chengdu 610065China Chongqing Academy of Eco-Environmental Science Chongqing 401147China Research Center for Atmospheric Environment Chongqing Institute of Green and Intelligent TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesChongqing 400714China Key Laboratory for Urban Atmospheric Environment Integrated Observation&Pollution Prevention and Control of Chongqing Chongqing 401147China

The ozone(O_(3))pollution in China drew lots of attention in recent years,and the Sichuan Basin(SCB)was one of the regions confronting worsening O_(3)pollution problem.Many previous studies have shown that regional transport is an important contributor to O_(3)pollution.However,very few features of the O_(3)profile during transport have been reported,especially in the border regions between different administrative divisions.In this study,we conducted tethered balloon soundings in SCB during the summer of 2020 and captured a nocturnal O_(3)transport event during the campaign.Vertically,the O_(3)transport occurred in the bottom of the residual layer,between 200 and 500 m above ground level.Horizontally,the transport pathway was directed from southeast to northwest based on the analysis of the wind field and air mass trajectories.The effect of transport in the residual layer on the surface O_(3)concentration was related to the spatial distribution of O_(3).For cities with high O_(3)concentrations in the upwind region,the transport process would bring clean air masses and abate pollution.For downwind lightly polluted cities,the transport process would slow down the decreasing or even increase the surface O_(3)concentration during the night.We provided observational facts on the profile features of a transboundary O_(3)transport event between two provincial administrative divisions,which implicated the importance of joint prevention and control measures.However,the sounding parameters were limited and the quantitative analysis was preliminary,more integrated,and thorough studies of this topic were called for in the future.

关键词： ozone Sichuan basin Transport event Vertical profile

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Influence of circulation types on temporal and spatial variations of ozone in Beijing

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第8期130卷 37-51页

作者： Xiaowan Zhu JinWu Guiqian Tang Lin Qiao Tingting Han Xiaomei Yin Xiangxue Liu Ziming Li Yajun Xiong Di He Zhiqiang Ma China Meteorological Administration Institute of Urban MeteorologyBeijing 100089China Beijing Shangdianzi Regional Atmosphere Watch Station Beijing 100089China State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry(LAPC) Chinese Academy of SciencesInstitute of Atmospheric PhysicsBeijing 100029China

This study analyzes the impact of circulation types(CTs)on ozone(O_(3))pollution in Beijing.The easterly high-pressure(SWW)circulation occurred most frequently(30%;276 day),followed by northwesterly high-pressure(AN)circulation(24.3%;224 day).The SWW type had the highest O_(3) anomaly of+17.28μg/m^(3),which was caused by excellent photochemical reactions,poor diffusion ability and regional transport.Due to the higher humidity and precipitation in the low-pressure type(C),the O_(3) increase(+8.02μg/m^(3))was less than that in the SWW type.Good diffusion/wet deposition and weak formation ability contributed to O_(3) decrease in AN(-12.54μg/m^(3))and northerly high-pressure(ESN)CTs(-12.26μg/m^(3)).The intra-area transport of O_(3) was significant in polluted circulations(SWW-and C-CTs).In addition,higher temperature,radiation and less rainfall also contributed to higher O_(3) in northern Beijing under the SWW type.For the clean CTs(AN and ESN CTs),precursor amount and intra-area transport played a dominant role in O_(3) distribution.Under the northeasterly low-pressure CT,better formation conditions and higher precursor amount combined with the intra-area southerly transport to cause higher O_(3) values in the south than in the north.The higher O_(3) in the northwestern area under the northeasterly high-pressure type was influenced by weaker titration loss and high O_(3) concentration in previous day.Annual variation in the CTs contributed up to 86.1%of the annual variation in O_(3).About 78%-83%of the diurnal variation in O_(3) resulted from local meteorological factors.

关键词： ozone Objective synoptic classification Temporal variation and spatial distribution Intra-area transport

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An intercomparison of ozone taken from the Copernicus atmosphere monitoring service and the second Modern-Era retrospective analysis for research and applications over China during 2018 and 2019

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2022年第4期34卷 514-525页

作者： Yujing Zhang Jie Li Jianjun Li Xiaole Pan Wei Wang Lili Zhu Zixi Wang Xueshun Chen Wenyi Yang Zifa Wang The State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Boundary Layer Physics and Atmospheric Chemistry Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China College of Earth and Planetary Sciences University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100049China Center for Excellence in Regional Atmospheric Environment Institute of Urban EnvironmentChinese Academy of SciencesXiamen 361021China China National Environmental Monitoring Center Beijing 100012China

Spatiotemporal variations of ozone(O_(3))taken from the Copernicus Atmosphere Monitoring Service(CAMS)and the second Modern-Era Retrospective Analysis for Research and Applications(MERRA-2)were intercompared and evaluated with ground and ozone-sonde observations over China in 2018 and 2019.Intercomparison of the surface ozone from CAMS and MERRA-2 reanalysis showed significant negative bias(CAMS minus MERRA-2,same below)at Tibetan Plateau of up to 80μg/m^(3),and the average R^(2)was about 0.6 across China.Evaluated with the ground observations from China National Environmental Monitoring Center(CNEMC),we found that CAMS and MERRA-2 reanalysis were capable of capturing the key patterns of monthly and diurnal variations of surface ozone over China except for the western region,and MERRA-2 overestimated the observations compared to CAMS.Vertically,the CAMS profiles overestimated the ozone-sonde from the World ozone and Ultraviolet Radiation Data Center(WOUDC)above 200 h Pa with the magnitude reaching up to 150μg/m3,while little bias was found between the reanalysis and observations below 200 h Pa.Intercomparison drawn from the vertical distribution between CAMS and MERRA-2 reanalysis showed that the negative bias appeared throughout the troposphere over China,while the positive bias emerged in the upper troposphere and lower stratosphere(UTLS)with high order of magnitude exceeding 100μg/m^(3),indicating large uncertainties at higher altitudes.In summary,we concluded that CAMS reanalysis showed better agreement with the observations in contrast to MERRA-2,and the large discrepancy especially at higher altitudes between these two reanalysis datasets could not be ignored.

关键词： CAMS MERRA-2 ozone Intercomparison

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臭氧生成敏感性的时空分布及“双碳”目标对其的影响

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Science Bulletin 2024年第4期69卷 422-425页

作者：刘钰婷唐贵谦王迎红程萌田高健王跃思 State Key Laboratory of Atmospheric Environment and Extreme Meteorology Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental SciencesBeijing 100012China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 101408China

Tropospheric ozone(O3)is a trace gas of great significance for air quality and climate change.In recent years,due to the extensive implementation of emission reduction policies,the concentration of fine particulate matter in many countries has decreased significantly^([1]).In contrast,the global ground-level O3 concentration has increased by approximately 0.25 ppbv/a^([2]).Research shows that developed countries are experiencing a rebound in O3 levels while developing countries are facing more severe O3 pollution problems^([3,4]).Therefore,the prevention and control of O3 pollution is the top priority at this stage and will play a vital role in the longterm improvement of air quality.

关键词： pollution change ozone

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Analysis of China’s PM_(2.5)and ozone coordinated control strategy based on the observation data from 2015 to 2020

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2024年第4期138卷 385-394页

作者： Liuwei Kong Mengdi Song Xin Li Ying Liu Sihua Lu Limin Zeng Yuanhang Zhang State Key Joint Laboratory of Environmental Simulation and Pollution Control College of Environmental Sciences and EngineeringPeking UniversityBeijing 100871China

The coordinated control of PM_(2.5)and ozone has become the strategic goal of national air pollution control.Considering the gradual decline in PM_(2.5)concentration and the aggravation of ozone pollution,a better understanding of the coordinated control of PM_(2.5)and ozone is urgently needed.Here,we collected and sorted air pollutant data for 337 cities from 2015 to 2020 to explore the characteristics of PM_(2.5)and ozone pollution based on China’s five major air pollution regions.The results show that it is necessary to continue to strengthen the emission reduction in PM_(2.5)and ozone precursors,and control NO_(x) and VOCs while promoting a dramatic emission reduction in PM_(2.5).The primary method of curbing ozone pollution is to strengthen the emission control of VOCs,with a long-term strategy of achieving substantial emission reductions in NO_(x),because VOCs and NO_(x) are also precursors to PM_(2.5);hence,their reductions also contribute to the reduction in PM_(2.5).Therefore,the implementation of a multipollutant emission reduction control strategy aimed at the prevention and control of PM_(2.5)and ozone pollution is the only means to realize the coordinated control of PM_(2.5)and ozone.

关键词： PM_(2.5) ozone Coordinated control Multipollutant reduction

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The effect of ozone on pine forests in South-Eastern France from 2017 to 2019

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Journal of Forestry Research 2023年第2期34卷 301-315页

作者： Anumol Shashikumar Svetlana Bičárová Dalstein-Richier Laurence Groupe International d′Etudes Des Forêts Sud-Européennes(G.I.E.F.S) 69Avenue des Hespérides06300 NiceFrance Institute of Earth Science of the Slovak Academy of Sciences 05960 StaráLesnáTatranskáLomnicaSlovakia

In South-Eastern forests of France,risks linked to the effects of tropospheric ozone(O_(3))are real;its annual impact has been observed specifically near the coastline and in high altitude mountains during the period 2017-2019.In this study,the risk assessment of O_(3)pollutant was carried out using two approaches based on forest response indicators such as O_(3)specific foliar visible injury and by stomatal O_(3)flux.Phytotoxic O_(3)dose values(POD_(0))were obtained by the DO_(3)SE model.The model requires hourly O_(3)concentration for POD_(0)calculation.A modified approach that uses measurements from passive samplers(monthly average O_(3)concentration)was tested for the calculation of POD_(0)and test results showed good agreement with the POD_(0)calculated using hourly O_(3)data.In the model input file,the average O_(3)concentration is used for POD_(0),and this could be useful for POD_(0)calculation when the active monitor is limited.In this study,a flux-based assessment provided better correlation with O_(3)specific leaf injury,which is also species-specific.Foliar visible injury in response to O_(3)indicates that Pinus cembra and Pinus halepensis are more affected and therefore more sensitive than Pinus sylvestris.The POD_(0)and stomatal conductance(Gsto)seem to be induced by environmental factors,primarily rainfall and the soil water potential(fSWP).The correlation between the O_(3)flux metric and environmental variables with forest response indicators by Spearman rank test confirms P.cembra as one of the most sensitive species to O_(3).

关键词： ozone Foliar visible injury Phytotoxic ozone dose Stomatal conductance DO_(3)SE

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