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Intracerebroventricular leptin injection affects neuroendocrine reproductive axis in ovariectomized rats

Neural Regeneration Research 2008年第8期3卷 907-909页

作者： Yuebing Qiao Huixian Cui Basic Medical Department Chengde Medical College Chengde 067000 Hebei Province China Basic Medical College Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 Hebei Province China

BACKGROUND：Leptin regulates neuroendocrine function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis in humans. OBJECTIVE： To verify effects of intracerebroventricular leptin injection on neuroendocrine function of the hypothalamus-pituitary-ovary axis in ovariectomized rats. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, controlled experiment was performed at the Basic Medical Institute, Chengde Medical College between June and October 2007. MATERIALS： Thirty healthy, female, Wistar rats were included in this study. The following compounds were used： leptin; gonadotropin-releasing hormone （GnRH） and luteinizing hormone （LH） enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay kits. METHODS： Rats were randomly divided into 3 groups at 1, 2, and 4 hours after injection. Each group was subdivided into control and experimental groups （n = 5 animals per group and time point）. All rats were subjected to bilateral ovariectomy and, beginning on day 7 after surgery, animals received daily subcutaneous injections of estradiol benzoate （2 μg） for 7 consecutive days. The experimental groups were injected with 5 μL leptin （1 g/L） into the lateral cerebral ventricle, and control groups received an equal volume of physiological saline. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： GnRH and LH secretion were examined 1, 2, and 4 hours after injection using GnRH and LH ELISA kits, respectively. RESULTS： In the experimental groups, GnRH secretion significantly increased （P 〈 0.01）, followed by LH secretion （P 〈 0.01）, compared with the control groups. GnRH secretion significantly increased 1 hour after leptin injection （P 〈 0.01）. The LH increase was less pronounced, but still significant （P 〈 0.01）; however, the most prominent LH increase occurred between 1 and 2 hours. Both GnRH and LH secretion reached peak levels at 2 hours after leptin injection. Thereafter, both GnRH and LH secretion decreased, but still maintained very high levels, compared with the control group （P 〈 0.01）. CONCLUSION： Intracerebroventricular leptin injection prod

关键词： gonadotropin releasing hormone lateral cerebral ventricle leptin luteinizing hormone neuroendocrine-reproductive axis ovariectomy

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Schisandra N-butanol extract improves synaptic morphology and plasticity in ovarectomized mice

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Neural Regeneration Research 2012年第18期7卷 1365-1369页

作者： Meiyan Yang Zhaolin Cai Peng Xiao Chuhua Li School of Life Science South China Normal UniversityGuangzhou 510631Guangdong ProvinceChina

Preliminary work by our research team revealed that Schisandra, a renowned traditional Chinese medicine, causes learning and memory improvements in ovariectomized mice. This activity was attributed to active ingredients extracted with N-butyl alcohol, named Schisandra N-butanol extract. In this study, ovariectomized mice were pretreated with Schisandra N-butanol extract given by intragastric administration. This treatment led to the enhancement of learning, and an increase in hippocampal CA1 synaptic, surface and postsynaptic density. A decrease in the average size of the synaptic active zone was also observed. These experimental findings showing that Schisandra N-butanol extract improved synaptic morphology indicate an underlying mechanism by which the ability of learning is enhanced in ovariectomized mice.

关键词： Schisandra N-butanol extract ovariectomy mice behavioral learning hippocampal CA1" synapticmorphology synaptic density neural regeneration

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Leptin effects on the hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis by activating proopiomelanocortin neurons Correlation between regulatory effects and duration

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Neural Regeneration Research 2010年第9期5卷 715-719页

作者： Songhe Yang Luyang Cheng Xiuyan Ma Lianzhi Zhao Xiaotong Dong Peiming Feng Xiaoqiang Wang Tiecheng Sun Yuebing Qiao Chengde Medical University Chengde 067000 Hebei Province China Affiliated Hospital of Chengde Medical University Chengde 067000 Hebei Province China Postgraduate School Peking Union Medical College Beijing 100730 China

BACKGROUND：Leptin preserves reproductive functions by stimulating hypothalamic-pituitary-gonadal axis activities at different *** interneurons play an important role in leptin regulation of the gonadal *** remains uncertain whether leptin regulates reproductive functions by activating proopiomelanocortin （POMC） ***：To investigate leptin effects on secretory function of the neuroendocrine-gonadal axis by activating POMC neurons and to observe and verify the relationship between leptin effects and various time ***,TIME AND SETTING：The randomized,controlled,animal study was performed at the Basic Institute of Chengde Medical University and the Research Room of Reproductive Immunology of National Research Institute for Family Planning from June to September ***：Leptin （Peprotech,USA）,a-melanocyte stimulating hormone and rabbit anti-POMC polyclonal antibody （SC-20148）（Santa Cruz Biotechnology,USA）,follicle stimulating hormone,luteinizing hormone,and gonadotropin releasing hormone enzyme-labeled immunosorbent assay （ELISA） kit （ADL,USA） were used in the present ***：A total of 60 healthy,female,adult,Wistar rats received 17 （3-estradiol for 5 consecutive days at 15 days after *** rats were randomly assigned to physiological saline （n= 35）,leptin （n = 35）,and a-melanocyte stimulating hormone （n = 20） *** OUTCOME MEASURES：Changes in gonadotropin releasing hormone,luteinizing hormone,and follicle stimulating hormone were compared following intraventricular injection of physiological saline,leptin,and a-melanocyte stimulating hormone at various time *** in POMC mRNA and protein expression in the hypothalamus were measured following physiological saline and leptin injection via the lateral ***：Compared to the physiological saline group,leptin and a-melanocyte stimulating hormone affected secretion in the hypothalamus-pituitary *** affected secretion of gonadotropin rel

关键词： lateral ventricle leptin a-melanocyte stimulating hormone neuroendocrine-gonadal axis ovariectomy proopiomelanocortin

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Changes in beta-endorphin neuron numbers and serum hormone levels in the arcuate nucleus of ovariectomized rats undergoing treadmill exercise

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Neural Regeneration Research 2008年第11期3卷 1208-1211页

作者： Weijie Zhang Xiyi Liu Sports Institute of Linyi Normal University Linyi 276005 Shandong Province China Department of Physiology Guangdong Medical College Zhanjiang 524023 Guangdong Province China

BACKGROUND： The arcuate nucleus, when damaged in young rats, can lead to pathological changes in adults, such as osteoporosis. Ovariectomized rats suffer from osteoporosis at eight weeks following surgery and the number of β -endorphin immunoreactive neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus is significantly decreased. OBJECTIVE： To establish a rat model of osteoporosis using ovariectomy and to explore changes in the number of β-endorphin neurons and to correlate any such change with serum hormone levels in response to exercise or rest. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： The completely randomized block design, neural morphology study was performed at the Key Laboratory of Physiology, Guangdong Medical College, China between March 2004 and January 2005. MATERIALS： Sixteen healthy female rats were selected for ovariectomy. METHODS： Following model establishment, rats were assigned to either rest or exercise groups and each rat was housed individually. Rats in the exercise group underwent an exercise regimen using a treadmill. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Eight weeks following exercise, radioimmunoassay was performed to detect serum growth hormone, estrogen and osteocalcin levels. Immunohistochemistry was used to measure changes in the number of β -endorphin neurons in the arcuate nucleus of the hypothalamus. Changes in bone metabolism were assessed using bone histomorphometry. RESULTS： In the exercise group, the β -endorphin immunoreactive neurons were high in number, darkly stained, and the nucleus was not obvious. In the rest group, the β -endorphin immunoreactive neurons were low in number and lightly stained. The number of β-endorphin immunoreactive neurons in the exercise group was higher compared with the rest group （t = 2.83, P 〈 0.05）. Estrogen levels were similar between the rest and exercise groups （P 〉 0.05）. Serum osteocalcin and growth hormone levels were significantly higher in the exercise group compared with the rest group （t = 2.78, 2.32, P 〈 0.05）. Compare

关键词： exercise arcuate nucleus β-endorphin immunoreactive neurons ovariectomy osteoporosis

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Carya cathayensis Leaf Extract Exerts Estrogenic Effects on Hepatic Lipogenesis and Adipocytes Differentiation in Ovariectomized Rats Fed Normal or High-fat Diets

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Clinical Complementary Medicine and Pharmacology 2023年第3期3卷 1-7页

作者： Xiwen Jia Simeng Guo Youling Huang Dongheng Zheng Yuqi Ding Xilin Qiao Zhishan Ding Yanfen Huang College of Life Science Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310053ZhejiangChina College of Stomatology Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310053ZhejiangChina College of Medical Technology Zhejiang Chinese Medical UniversityHangzhou 310053ZhejiangChina

Background:Our previous in vitro study has shown that total flavonoids from the leaves of Carya cathayensis exert estrogenic activities by promoting the expressions of ER𝛼and ER𝛽.*** leaf extract(CCE)was rich in *** administration of CCE reduced the serum lipids and hepatic lipids,alleviated liver steatosis in ovariectomized ***:To investigate whether CCE has estrogenic effects on reproductive tissue and influences lipid metabolism in ovariectomized rats,and whether CCE has a direct effect on regulation of lipid synthesis and/or oxidation and adipocyte differentiation of ovariectomized(OVX)***:Female Sprague-Dawley rats were ovariectomized and treated with CCE or estradiol in combination with a normal diet(ND),a high-fat diet(HFD)for 8 *** analysis of uterus were performed and the lipid metabolism-related enzyme activity were *** of liver lipogenesis-related genes,adipocyte differentiation-and fat accumulation-related genes and protein were ***:ovariectomy accelerated the uterine atrophy,development of dyslipidemia and hepatic steatosis,which were effectively mitigated by CCE *** significantly elevated ovariectomy-induced reduction in the cross-section area of the uterus and uterine *** with the OVX group,CCE increased the activities of lipoprtein lipase(LPL)and hepatic lipase(HL),decreased the hepatic mRNA expressions of Fas,Srebf1,Sla2a2,and increased Ppar𝛼expressions at the mRNA levels under both ND and HFD *** also decreased the Pck1 and G6pc mRNA expressions under HFD conditions,and show no significant effects on *** expressions of SREBF1,CEBPA and VEGF at the protein level were effectively regulated by CCE ***:CCE effectively alleviated ovariectomy-induced dyslipidemia and visceral fat accumulation by mod-ulating hepatic lipogenesis and adipocyte ***,CCE exhibited estrogenic activit

关键词： Hepatic lipogenesis Adipocyte differentiation ovariectomy Dyslipidemia Phytoestrogens

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Influence of tonifying kidney recipe on advanced glycation endproducts and lipid peroxidation in ovariectomized rats

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Neural Regeneration Research 2008年第7期3卷 737-741页

作者： Yuefen Wang Chang＇an Zhao Li Guo En Li Department of Nephrology Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050017 Hebei Province China Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Xinxiang Medical College Xinxiang 453007 Hebei Province China

BACKGROUND： Previous studies have demonstrated that reduced estrogen levels may accelerate the formation of advanced glycation endproducts （AGE） in brain tissue, raise the concentration of lipid peroxidation products in vivo, and speed up deterioration of learning and memory. A tonifying kidney recipe is hypothesized to improve the ability of learning and memory in ovariectomized rats by downregulating AGE and lipid peroxidation products. OBJECTIVE： To simulate a postmenopausal state, bilateral ovariectomy （OVX） was performed in rats, and the effects of tonifying kidney recipe （TKR） on AGE and lipid peroxidation in the rat cerebral cortex, hippocampus, and blood serum levels was measured. In addition, the effects on learning and memory were evaluated, and the effect of AGE -specific inhibitor aminoguanidine （AG） was compared with TKR. DESIGN, TIME AND SETTING： A randomized, in vivo, control experiment was performed at the scientific research center （Provincial Key Laboratory） in the Fourth Hospital of Hebei Medical University （Shijiazhuang, Hebei Province, China） from May 2005 to January 2007. MATERIALS： Forty healthy, adult, female, Sprague Dawley rats were used for this study. TKR was composed of prepared rehmannia rhizome, epimedium herb, desert-living cistanche, and Szechwan lovage rhizome, which were provided by Shijiazhuang Medical Materials Company （China）. A TKR extraction was prepared for further use. AG was provided by Sigma （USA）. Forty rats were randomly divided into four groups： sham, OVX, AG, and TKR, with 10 rats in each group. METHODS： The rat ovaries were resected in the OVX, AG, and TKR groups, whereas the same volume of fat was resected in the sham group. At four weeks after OVX, the AG group received 1% AG water solution by lavage; the TKR group was administrated by lavage once per day at a dose of 6.3 g （crude drug）/kg; OVX and sham groups received equal volumes of tap water. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Learning and memory behavior of rats

关键词： advanced glycation endproducts aminoguanidine learning and memory lipid peroxidation ovariectomy tonifying kidney recipe

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Updates in the pathophysiological mechanisms of Parkinson's disease: Emerging role of bone marrow mesenchymal stem cells

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World Journal of Stem Cells 2016年第3期8卷 106-117页

作者： Hanaa H Ahmed Ahmed M Salem Hazem M Atta Emad F Eskandar Abdel Razik H Farrag Mohamed A Ghazy Neveen A Salem Hadeer A Aglan Department Medical Research Division National Research Centre Biochemistry Department Faculty of Science Ain Shams University Clinical Biochemistry Department Faculty of Medicine King Abdulaziz University Medical Biochemistry and Molecular Biology Department Faculty of Medicine Cairo University Pathology Department Medical Research Division National Research Centre Narcotics Ergogenic aids and Poisons Department Medical Research Division National Research Centre

AIM: To explore the approaches exerted by mesenchymal stem cells (MSCs) to improve Parkinson’s disease (PD) ***: MSCs were harvested from bone marrow of femoral bones of male rats, grown and propagated in culture. Twenty four ovariectomized animals were classified into 3 groups: Group (1) was control, Groups (2) and (3) were subcutaneously administered with rotenone for 14 d after one month of ovariectomy for induction of PD. Then, Group (2) was left untreated, while Group (3) was treated with single intravenous dose of bone marrow derived MSCs (BM-MSCs). SRY gene was assessed by PCR in brain tissue of the female rats. Serum transforming growth factor beta-1 (TGF-β1), monocyte chemoattractant protein-1 (MCP-1) and brain derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) levels were assayed by ELISA. Brain dopamine DA level was assayed fluorometrically, while brain tyrosine hydroxylase (TH) and nestin gene expression were detected by semi-quantitative real time PCR. Brain survivin expression was determined by immunohistochemical procedure. Histopathological investigation of brain tissues was also ***: BM-MSCs were able to home at the injured brains and elicited significant decrease in serum TGF-β1 (489.7 ± 13.0 vs 691.2 ± 8.0, P 0.05) expression. Finally, the brain sections showed intact histologica

关键词： Parkinson’s disease Pathophysiology Bone marrow derived mesenchymal stem cells Rotenone Anti-inflammatory action ovariectomy Anti-apoptotic effect Neurogenic potential

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EFFECTS OF XW630 ON BONE FORMATION IN OVARIECTOMIZED RATS AND IN HUMAN OSTEOBLAST-LIKE CELLS

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Chinese Medical Sciences Journal 2000年第1期15卷 8-13页

作者：孙兰邱明才翁玲玲郑虎刘景生 DepartmentofPharmacology InstituteofBasicMedicalSciencesCAMS＆PUMCBeijing100005 DepartmentofEndocrinology TianjingMedicalUniversityHospitalTianjing PharmacyCollege WestChinaUniversityofMedicalSciencesChengdu

To study the effects of XW630 on bone formation in overiectomized(OVX) rats and in human osteoblast like cell line TE85. [WT5”BX]Method.[WT5”BZ] Bone histomorphometric analysis was performed with undecalcified bone sections and tetracycline intraperitoneally labeling. [WT5”BX]Results.[WT5”BZ] Compared with that of OVX rats, the static data of trabecular bone volume(TBV)/ total tissue volume(TTV), TBV/sponge bone volume(SBV) and mean trabecular plate density (MTPD) were enhanced while mean trabecular plate spacing(MTPS) decreased after treated with XW630 for 13w. The dynamic data of single labeled surface [Sfract(s)], double labeled surface[Sfract(d)],Sfract(d+1/2s),trabecular osteoid surface(TOS), and bone formation rate in tissue level (Svf) were increased and osteoid maturation period (OMP) shortened in XW630 group. In osteoblast like cells, both 3H thymidine incorporation and cell count increased after treated with XW630 for 48. Treated with XW630 for 12～18h,inducible nitric oxide synthase(iNOS) activity and cGMP content increased in time dependent manners. [WT5”BX]Conclusions.[WT5”BZ] XW630 enhanced bone activation frequency and increased trabecular connectivity, stability, and strength. The cellular mechanism related to effects of XW630 on bone formation in ovariectomized rats.

关键词： WT5BZ]XW630 ovariectomy osteoblast

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Effect of aqueous extract of Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. & Wendl. on postmenopausal syndrome in ovariectomized rats

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2014年第5期12卷 439-446页

作者： Urmila Aswar Mayuri Gurav Ganesh More Khaled Rashed Manoj Aswar Department of Pharmacology Sinhgad Institute of Pharmacy Narhe Pune 411041 India Department of Pharmacognosy National Research CentreDokki Giza 12411 Egypt

OBJECTIVE： Solanum xanthocarpum Schrad. ＆ Wendl. （Solanaceae） is present in many Ayurveda compound formulations including Chavanaprasha and Dasamoolarishta. The whole plant is used in conditions such as inflammation, constipation and promoting conception in females. In the present study, we carried out different tests to evaluate the effect of aqueous extract of Solanum xanthocarpum （SXE） in postmenopausal syndrome. METHODS： The study was carried out in bilaterally ovariectomized one-month-old Wistar rats （40-50 g）. Bilaterally ovariectomized （OVX） Wistar rats were divided into four groups （n=6） receiving different treatments, consisting of a vehicle （distilled water）, aqueous extract of Solanum xanthocarpum at two different doses （200 and 400 mg/kg） administered orally daily for 90 d and standard drug β estradiol at a dose of 1 mg/kg administered subcutaneously biweekly for 90 d. Estrogenic activity was assessed by vaginal cornification, sexual behavior, serum estradiol and uterine weight to body weight ratio. Antiosteoporotic activity was assessed on the basis of biomechanical and biochemical parameters followed by histopathological studies, and antidepressant activity was assessed by forced swim test. RESULTS： SXE showed presence of steroids. At the dose of 200 mg/kg, it significantly improved all the parameters of sexual behavior （P〈0.01）, caused vaginal cornification, and increased serum estradiol and uterine weight （P〈0.01）. It also significantly improved all the parameters of bone strength as well as depression （P〈0.01）. Histopathology of bones confirmed the above findings. CONCLUSION： The study indicated that SXE may provide an effective treatment in the prevention of postmenopausal symptoms.

关键词： antidepressant herbal drugs Solanaceae postmenopausal syndrome ovariectomy rats

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The More Efficacious Acupoints of Zusanli and Sanyinjiao Than That of Non-acupoints on Bone Mass in Osteopenic Ovariectomized Rats

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Chinese Journal of Integrated Traditional and Western Medicine 2005年第3期11卷 209-216页

作者：张文平 KANEHARA Masayuki 张艳军于志锋张国霞杨幼新孙玉敏张建梅 ISHIDA Torao Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Suzuka University of Medical Science Tianjin College of Traditional Chinese Medicine

Objective： To clarify whether the acupoints of Zusanli （ST36） and Sanyinjiao （SP6） have specific actions other than non-acupoints to bone. Methods： Forty Sprague-Dawley female rats were divided into five groups： Sham operated （sham） group; Ovariectomized （OVX, model） group; non-acupuncture group; OVX, needling on Zusanli and Sanyinjiao （Acp-A） group; OVX, needling on the reverse sides of Zusanli and Sanyinjiao （Acp-B） group; OVX, periostineal stimulation on the same height as points of Zusanli and Sanyinjiao （Acp-C） group. The experiment was continued for 23 weeks and then all animals were sacrificied. Results： OVX had a significantly higher body weight and lower bone mineral density （BMD） on the lumbar vertebrae, total femora and tibiae than sham rats, however, Acp-A showed a higher BMD compared with the other OVX groups. On the other hand, bone weights, bone strength and bone morphometry such as trabecular volume, trabecular separation, labeled width and bone formation rate also showed the same improvements in Acp-A as compared to the other OVX rats. Conclusion： The stimulation on Zusanli and Sanyinjiao specifically prevented the development of osteopenic rats compared with non-acupoints.

关键词： acupuncture osteopenia ovariectomy bone mineral density histomorphometry

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