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Organophosphate pesticides an emerging environmental contaminant: Pollution, toxicity, bioremediation progress, and remaining challenges

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Journal of Environmental Sciences 2023年第5期127卷 234-250页

作者： Himanshu Mali Chandni Shah B.H.Raghunandan Anil S.Prajapati Darshan H.Patel Ujjval Trivedi R.B.Subramanian P.G.Department of Biosciences UGC-Centre of Advanced StudiesSatellite CampusSardar Patel UniversitySardar Patel MaidanBakrol-Vadtal RoadBakrol 388315GujaratIndia Charotar Institute of Paramedical Sciences Charotar University of Science and Technology(CHARUSAT)Changa 388421GujaratIndia

Organophosphates(OPs)are an integral part of modern agriculture;however,due to overexploitation,OPs pesticides residues are leaching and accumulating in the soil,and groundwater contaminated terrestrial and aquatic food webs.Acute exposure to OPs could produce toxicity in insects,plants,animals,and humans.OPs are known for covalent inhibition of acetylcholinesterase enzyme in pests and terrestrial/aquatic organisms,leading to nervous,respiratory,reproductive,and hepatic abnormalities.OPs pesticides also disrupt the growth-promoting machinery in plants by inhibiting key enzymes,permeability,and trans-cuticular diffusion,which is crucial for plant growth.Excessive use of OPs,directly/indirectly affecting human/environmental health,raise a thoughtful global concern.Developing a safe,reliable,economical,and eco-friendly methods for removing OPs pesticides from the environment is thus necessary.Bioremediation techniques coupled with microbes or microbial-biocatalysts are emerging as promising antidotes for OPs pesticides.Here,we comprehensively review the current scenario of OPs pollution,their toxicity(at a molecular level),and the recent advancements in biotechnology(modified biocatalytic systems)for detection,decontamination,and bioremediation of OP-pesticides in polluted environments.Furthermore,the review focuses on onsite applications of OPs degrading enzymes(immobilizations/biosensors/others),and it also highlights remaining challenges with future approaches.

关键词： organophosphorus compounds Toxicity Bioremediation Microorganisms Enzymes Biosensors

Direct Functionalization of White Phosphorus to organophosphorus compounds

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Direct Functionalization of White Phosphorus to Organophosph...

A review of sources,fate,levels,toxicity,exposure and transformations of organophosphorus flame-retardants and plasticizers in the environment

中国化学会·第十六届全国有机合成化学学术研讨会

作者：张文雄北京大学

Direct functionalization of white phosphorus(P4) constructing value-added phosphorus-containing compounds is becoming a hot area because it avoids the use of toxic phosphorus halides and phosphine gas. From the view-point of sustainability and green chemistry,the direct and highly efficient construction of P-C bonds from P4 and organic or organometallic substrates is an ideal process.Herein,we report(Scheme 1):i) the reaction of 1,4-dilithio-1,3-butadienes with P4 affording phospholyl lithium quantitatively,3 ii) the [3+1]-fragmentation reaction of rare-earth metallacyclopentadienes with P4 affording rare-earth metal cyclo-P complexes and phospholyl lithium,4 and iii) the reaction of aluminacyclopentadienes with P4 affording selectively cyclotetraphosphanes.

关键词： White phosphorus organophosphorus compounds Metallacyclopentadiene 1,4-Dilithio-1,3-butadienes

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Emerging Contaminants 2020年第1期6卷 345-366页

作者： Tlou B.Chokwe Ovokeroye A.Abafe Senzy P.Mbelu Jonathan O.Okonkwo Linda L.Sibali Scientific Services Unit Capricorn District Municipality24 Thabo Mbeki StreetPolokwane0699South Africa Department of Environmental Sciences University of South AfricaChristaan de Wet RoadFlorida1709South Africa Onderstepoort Veterinary Research Agricultural Research Council100 Old Soutpan RoadOnderstepoortPretoria0110South Africa Scientific Services Rand Water2 Barrage RoadVereeniging1930South Africa Department of Water Environmental and Earth SciencesTshwane University of Technology75 Mandela DrivePretoria0001South Africa

Organophosphate esters(OPEs)are esters of phosphoric acid that are increasingly used as plasticizers and by the flame-retardants industries as replacement for the regulated polybrominated diphenyl ethers.The most commonly classes of these pollutants are the chlorinated-and non-chlorinated-OPEs.The extent and magnitude of OPEs occurrence in the environment,combined with striking structural similarities to toxic organophosphorus pesticides has led to public concern over risk posed by these compounds.Using peer-reviewed literature published from the last decade(2010e2019),concentrations and distributions of commonly studied OPEs based on their occurrence in different matrices around the globe were evaluated and reported.These pollutants have a wide range of physicochemical properties such as their water solubility’s,logKow value,vapour pressure and bioconcentration factors(BCFs)which are very important factors in assessing their behaviour in different environmental matrices.Despite progress in research on OPEs over the years,full understanding of the environmental behaviour and fate of these pollutants are still elusive.Sources by which these pollutants enter the environment in conjunction with their concentrations together with their toxicities,estimated daily intakes,transformation products and fates are reviewed.It is envisaged that this review will heighten the importance of identifying emerging issues,data gaps and provide a future research agenda for OPEs.

关键词： organophosphorus compounds Concentrations Sources Fate Toxicity Estimated daily intakes

An efficient synthesis of substituted alkyl acrylates using α-keto amides

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第2期19卷 175-179页

作者： R. Baharfar M. Tajbakhsh A. Hamedaninejad S.J. Hosseini Department of Chemistry University of Mazandaran P.O. Box 453 Babolsar Iran

The addition of α-keto amides as a NH-acid to alkyl propiolates and dialkyl acetylenedicarboxylates in the presence of a catalytic amount of triphenylphosphine gives the corresponding substituted alkyl acrylates.

关键词： Alkyl propiolate Triphenylphosphine NH-acids organophosphorus compounds

Black Phosphorus: An Effective Feedstock for the Synthesis of Phosphorus-Based Chemicals

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CCS Chemistry 2019年第2期1卷 166-172页

作者： Lie Wu Shi Bian Hao Huang Jiahong Wang Danni Liu Paul K.Chu Xue-Feng Yu Center for Biomedical Materials and Interfaces Shenzhen Institutes of Advanced TechnologyChinese Academy of SciencesShenzhen 518055China Department of Physics and Materials Science City University of Hong KongKowloon 999077Hong KongChina

We propose and demonstrate the novel concept of synthesizing organophosphorus compounds directly from black phosphorus(BP)nanoparticles as the feedstock.compounds such as alkyl phosphines,alkyl phosphine oxides,phosphine sulfide,and hexafluorophosphate anion are prepared with good isolation yields under mild conditions.Selective synthesis of primary,secondary,and tertiary organophosphorus compounds is also demonstrated utilizing this one-pot approach.Reaction mechanisms are proposed and discussed.Compared with traditional white phosphorus(P 4)-based methods,the new synthetic concept and process utilizing elemental phosphorus are more efficient and environmentally friendly.

关键词： black phosphorus nanomaterials organophosphorus compounds phosphorus chemistry P-C coupling

Brain injury due to acute organophosphate poisoning Magnetic resonance imaging manifestation and pathological characteristics

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Neural Regeneration Research 2007年第7期2卷 403-407页

作者： Huaijun Liu Yanmei Yang Jiping Yang Linghui Meng Department of Medical Image Second Hospital Hebei Medical University Shijiazhuang 050000 Hebei Province China

BACKGROUND： Acute organophosphate poisoning can cause injuries of multiple visceras; especially,central nervous system injury can increase risk factors of patients with severe acute organophosphate poisoning. An application of modem image may increase diagnostic rate of brain injury in an earlier period and provide evidences for clinical treatment.OBJECTIVE： To reveal imaging manifestations, pathological characteristics and multi-ways injured mechanism of brain injury due to acute organophosphate poisoning.DESIGN： Contrast observational study.SETTING： Department of Medical Image, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University.MATERIALS： The experiment was carried out in the Department of Nerve Molecule Imaging Medicine and Laboratory of Neurology, the Second Hospital of Hebei Medical University from August 2003 to February 2004. A total of 30 healthy cats weighing 2.8 - 3.5 g and of both genders were selected from Animal Experimental Center of Hebei Medical University.METHODS： Thirty healthy cats were randomly divided into control group （n =5） and intoxication group （n=25）. Cats in the control group were subcutaneously injected with 0.3 mL/kg saline at four points; while, cats in the intoxication group were subcutaneously injected with 400 g/L 0.3 mL/kg O,O-dimethyl-S-（methoxycarbonylmethyl） thiophosphate at four points. Two minutes after intoxication, cats received muscular injection with 0.5 mg/kg atropine sulfate, and then, brain tissues were collected from parietal lobe, basal ganglia, hippocampus, cerebellum and brain stem were observed at 3, 6, 24 hours, 3 and 7 days after intoxication respectively under optic microscope and electron microscope and expressions of acetylcholinesterase （AChE）, choline acetyltransferase （ChAT）, glial fibrillary acidic protein （GFAP）,glutamic acid （Glu） and γ-amino butyric acid after immunohistochemical staining.MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Results of MRI examinations; histological changes under optic microscope and electron microscope; expressions of AChE, ChAT, GFAP, G

关键词： poisoning organophosphorus compounds magnetic resonance imaging acetylcholinesterase choline O-acetyltransferase glial fibrillary acidic protein

Metal-Catalyzed Additions of H-P（O）Bonds to Carbon-Carbon Unsaturated Bonds

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Metal-Catalyzed Additions of H-P（O）Bonds to Carbon-Carbon ...