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Life cycle assessment of open field and greenhouse cultivation of lettuce and barley

Information Processing in Agriculture 2015年第3期2卷 191-207页

作者： Georgios Bartzas Dimitra Zaharaki Kostas Komnitsas National Technical University of Athens School of Mining and Metallurgical Engineering15780 AthensGreece Technical University of Crete School of Mineral Resources Engineering73100 ChaniaGreece

In the present paper,a life cycle assessment(LCA)study regarding barley and lettuce production in Spain(Barrax and Santomera regions)and Italy(Albenga region)in both open field(OF)and standard greenhouse(GH)cultivations was performed in order to evaluate energy consumption and environmental *** study examines also the impact of the use of compost produced from agricultural wastes(AW).In this context,a detailed life cycle directory was created,based on site-specific experimental data,and used for a holistic cradle-to-gate LCA analysis using the GaBi 6 software package and specific related *** order to reveal the importance of system boundaries,factors that are often excluded from LCA studies,such as agricultural machinery manufacture,nursery production,waste management and raw materials transportation have been *** to the results of this study,the use of compost for fertilization of both crops is considered a good agronomic and ecological strategy in order to maintain productivity in terms of yield,especially in the case of greenhouse cultivation,and improve overall sustainability in the agricultural ***,the phases of compost production,irrigation system,and greenhouse construction and operation were identified as the three main‘‘hotspots”with the highest environmental impact and energy contribution in all studied ***,improvements to reduce those impacts were proposed.

关键词： LCA Agricultural waste Lettuce Barley open field Greenhouse

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High- and Low-Rearing Rats Differ in the Brain Excitability Controlled by the Allosteric Benzodiazepine Site in the GABA_(A) Receptor

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Journal of Behavioral and Brain Science 2012年第3期2卷 315-325页

作者： Rosana Alves Jose Gilberto Barbosa de Carvalho Marco Antonio Campana Venditti Departamento de Psicobiologia Escola Paulista de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Sao PauloRua BotucatuBrazil

Rearing is an exploratory behavior induced by novelty, such as exposure to an open field. Stimulation of certain brain regions, including the hippocampus, induces both rearing and clonic convulsions. Brain excitability is controlled by gamma-aminobutyric acid (GABA) inhibitory neurotransmission through its ionotropic GABAA/allosteric benzodiazepine site. Drugs that decrease GABAA receptor fast inhibitory neurotransmission induce clonic convulsions and rearing when injected into the hippocampus. Therefore, individual differences in rearing behavior may be related to the susceptibility to clonic convulsions, which could involve differences in brain excitability controlled by GABAA/allosteric benzodiazepine site receptors. Adult, male Wistar rats were divided into high- (HR) and low-rearing (LR) groups based on the number of rearings in the open field test. Groups of HR and LR rats were challenged with convulsant drugs that antagonize GABA neurotransmission via different mechanisms of action (3-mercaptopropionic acid, a glutamate decarboxilase inhibitor;bicuculline, a GABAA receptor antagonist;pentylenetetrazol and picrotoxin, both GABAA receptor chloride channel blockers and DMCM, a benzodiazepine inverse agonist). The convulsant doses that induced 50% of clonic convulsions were determined for each drug. The LR rats had a higher susceptibility (a lower convulsant dose 50%) to clonic convulsions induced by DMCM than the HR rats, but there were no differences between the groups in the susceptibility to tonic convulsions induced by the same drug. There were no significant differences in the convulsant dose 50% for clonic convulsions between the groups for all other drugs injected. In another experiment, additional HR and LR rats were injected with a sedative-hypnotic dose of diazepam, which caused a significantly higher hypnotic effect (sleeping-time) in the LR rats than in the HR rats. The LR group was also shown to have a significantly lower density of [3H]-Flunitrazep

关键词： open field Rearing Behavior Clonic Convulsion Diazepam Sleep Benzodiazepine DMCM GABA_(A) Receptor [^(3)H]-Flunitrazepam Binding Hippocampus Novelty Stress

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Evaluation of the analgesic,sedative-anxiolytic,cytotoxic and thrombolytic potentials of the different extracts of Kalanchoe pinnata leaves

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Journal of Coastal Life Medicine 2015年第12期 982-986页

作者： Md.Razibul Habib Mohammad Mustakim Billah Mohammad Mahfuz-E-Alam Kashfia Nawrin Md.Rakibul Hasan Md.Mominur Rahman Md.Anisul Islam Irfan Newaz Khan Directorate General of Drug Administration Bangladesh Department of Pharmacy East West UniversityBangladesh Department of Pharmacy North South UniversityDhakaBangladesh Department of Pharmacy International Islamic University ChittagongBangladesh Department of Pharmacy University of Science&Technology ChittagongBangladesh

Objective:To evaluate the analgesic,neuropharmacological,cytotoxic and thrombolytic potentials of the aqueous,ethanol and ethyl acetate extracts of Kalanchoe pinnata ***:At the dose of 400 mg/kg body weight,the analgesic activity of the extracts were evaluated by the acetic acid-induced writhing and formalin-induced persistent pain tests while neuropharmacological activity was evaluated by the open field,hole cross and elevated plus maze *** cytotoxic potential was observed by brine shrimp lethality bioassay and the thrombolytic potential was investigated by clot lysis ***:The aqueous extract significantly suppressed the number of writhing(96.78%)as well as the formalin-induced persistent pain on the early phase(46.92%)and on the late phase(40.98%).Again in case of hole cross and open field tests,the locomotor activity was decreased significantly(Popen arm on elevated plus maze ***,the extracts showed moderate lethality and thrombolytic ***:The findings showed that activities are comparable to the standards and in some cases are stronger than the ***,based on the results,it is evident that it has great analgesic and sedative-anxiolytic activity with moderate cytotoxic and thrombolytic potential.

关键词： Kalanchoe pinnata Writhing Formalin open field Hole cross Anxiolytic Lethality Thrombolysis

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Effects of Different Covering Ways on Emergence Rate of Sophora japonica *** by Direct Seeding

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Chinese Forestry Science and Technology 2008年第3期7卷 65-69页

作者： LI Qingmei 1 LIU Yan2 XING Shangjun3 SONG Yumin3 MA Fengyun2 HOU Longyu4 1. Research Institute of Forestry, Chinese Academy of Forestry, Beijing 100091, P.R. China 2. Forestry College of Shandong Agricultural University, Tai’an 271018, P. R. China 3. Shandong Academy of Forestry, Jinan 251000, P. R. China 4. Institute of Botany, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Beijing 1000193, P. R. China

In order to maintain higher emergence rate with direct seeding in Shandong rocky mountain, effects of different covering ways on emergence rate of Sophora japonica L. direct seeding were studied. The results showed that both mulching film and grass cover could effectively increase the moisture content of the soil at the depth of 0-30 cm, contributing to soil moisture conservation and the inhibition of soil evaporation, which created favorable moisture environment for the growth of S. japonica seeds. Both the emergence rate and the seedling height under mulching film had greater improvement and partly enhanced by 26.65% and 6.85 cm respectively, and mulching film also helped S. japonica seeds emerge and ensured the seedling growth. The emergence rate and the seedling height under grass cover had been also raised in some degree, but they were much worse than those under mulching film. The emergence rate and the seedling height under block cover were not significantly increased. So when sowing S. japonica seeds in the spring, mulching film is the best covering way.

关键词： mulching film grass cover block cover open field Sophora Japonica L. seed direct seeding afforestation

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The anxiolytic effects of Bai Le Mian capsule,a patent traditional Chinese medicine

The anxiolytic effects of Bai Le Mian capsule,a patent tradi...

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中国睡眠研究会第十届全国学术年会

作者： Tian-Xiao Wang Yu-Er Wu Shi-Yu Jiang Huan-Xin Sun Qi Sha Peng Zhao Yin-Ping Wang Hao Wang Wei-Min Qu Zhi-Li Huang Department of Pharmacology School of Basic Medical SciencesFudan University Yangtze River Pharmaceutical Group

Bai Le Mian capsule（BLMC） which is composed of fifteen kinds of traditional Chinese Medicine,Lilium Brownii,Acanthopanax Senticosus,Polygonum Multiflorum,Albizia Julibrissin,etc,is a popular traditional Chinese patent medicine for the treatment of insomnia with potential effect on *** the present study,The effects of acute and chronic effects of BLMC（81,162,325 mg/kg,ig） on antianxiety was tested in the elevated plus maze,open field,and light/dark box,in normal mice and an anxious model using Meta-chlorophenyl-piperazine（mCPP）,a compound with known anxiogenic *** 1 mg/kg was used as reference *** administered BLMC *** 325 mg/kg prolonged the time spent in central area 1.1-fold,and two-week medication,the time spent in central area,open arms area and light box were increased by 2.8-2.0-and 1.7-fold,respectively,compared with vehicle control in normal ***,in anxious model,Acute treatment of BLMC（325 mg/kg） mice spent notably more time in the open arms area 2.1-fold,andconsecutive administration for two weeks,BLMC（325 mg/kg） increased the time spent in central area,open area and light box by 1.6-,2.3-,2.1-fold,respectively,compared with vehicle ***,BLMC（162 mg/kg） also increased the time of light box 2.1-fold in mCPP anxious mice *** study showed that mCPP increased c-Fos expression in the neurons of central nucleus of the amygdala and bed nucleus of stria terminalis by 57% and 60%,respectively,which could be reversed by *** together,these results indicate that BLMC is an effective treatment for anxiety in mice and may in patients.

关键词： Bai Le Mian capsule Anxiolytic open field Elevated plus maze Light/dark box Anxious model

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Effect of Rosemary on Oxidative Damage Induced by D-galactose in Senile Mice

Effect of Rosemary on Oxidative Damage Induced by D-galactos...

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第十三届中国科协年会第3分会场-“食品营养与健康”国际研讨会

作者： Zesheng ZHANG1,2, Di CHEN1, 2, Hao WANG1, 2 (1.Key Laboratory of Food Nutrition and Safety, Ministry of Education, Tianjin University of Science & Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China 2.Department of Food Engineering and Biotechnology, Tianjin University of Science and Technology, Tianjin, 300457, China)

Rodent chronically injected with D-galactose has been used as an animal aging model for brain aging or anti-aging pharmacology research. Rosemary, A large number of compounds within the lipid fraction of rosemary have anti-oxidant ability. In the present study, mice were subcutaneously injected with D-galactose (2%, 7.5ml/kg body weight) for 6 weeks and According to the stated requirement formula mix mice food,To which adding different doses of rosemary (0.05%, 0.15%, 0.3%) drug give treatment *** behavior was observed in the open field at the next day after the last treat-ment six ***-fed mice showed higher activity upon induction by new environmental stimuli,lower anxiety and higher novelty-seeking behavior in the open field *** significantly increased SOD,T-AOC,and CAT activity and decreased the MDA level in serum .These results imply that Rosemary can reverse oxidant impairment induced by D-gal in mice and improve the antioxidant enzymes activity,scavenging free radicals and reduce lipid peroxidation generated and anti-aging,and having a certain function of delaying senility.

关键词： Rosemary open field D-galactose Antioxidant activity

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