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Critical involvement of circular RNAs in virus-associated cancers

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Genes & Diseases 2023年第6期10卷 2296-2305页

作者： Arghavan Zebardast Tayebeh Latifi Moein shirzad Golnaz Goodarzi Saeed Ebrahimi Fana Sadra Samavarchi Tehrani Yousef Yahyapour Department of Virology School of Public HealthTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Cellular and Molecular Biology Research Center Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabol 47176Iran Department of Clinical Biochemistry School of MedicineTehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Student Scientific Research Center Tehran University of Medical SciencesTehran ***Iran Infectious Diseases and Tropical Medicine Research Center Health Research InstituteBabol University of Medical SciencesBabol 47176Iran

Virus-related cancer is cancer where viral infection leads to the malignant transformation of the host's infected cells. Seven viruses (e.g., human papillomavirus (HPV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), Kaposi's sarcoma herpesvirus (KSHV), Hepatitis B virus (HBV), Hepatitis C virus (HCV), Human T-lymphotropic virus (HTLV), and Merkel cell polyomavirus (MCV)) that infect humans have been identified as an oncogene and have been associated with several human malignancies. Recently, growing attention has been attracted to exploring the pathogenesis of virus-related cancers. One of the most mysterious molecules involved in carcinogenesis and progression of virus-related cancers is circular RNAs (circRNA). These emerging non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), due to the absence of 5′ and 3′ ends, have high stability than linear RNAs and are found in some species across the eukaryotic organisms. Compelling evidence has revealed that viruses also encode a repertoire of circRNAs, as well as dysregulation of these viral circRNAs play a critical role in the pathogenesis and progression of different types of virus-related cancers. Therefore, understanding the exact role and function of the virally encoded circRNAs with virus-associated cancers will open a new road for increasing our knowledge about the RNA world. Hence, in this review, we will focus on emerging roles of virus-encoded circRNAs in multiple cancers, including cervical cancer, gastric cancer, Merkel cell carcinoma, nasopharyngeal carcinoma, Kaposi cancer, and liver cancer.

关键词： Cancer Circular RNA Neoplasms oncogenes Viruses

Cyclin-dependent kinases-based synthetic lethality: Evidence, concept, and strategy

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第9期11卷 2738-2748页

作者： Kailin Li Jieqiong You Qian Wu Wen Meng Qiaojun He Bo Yang Chengliang Zhu Ji Cao College of Pharmaceutical Sciences Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Innovation Institute for Artificial Intelligence in Medicine Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s Hospital Zhejiang University School of MedicineHangzhou 310058China Cancer Center of Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058China

Synthetic lethality is a proven effective antitumor strategy that has attracted great ***-scale screening has revealed many synthetic lethal genetic phenotypes,and relevant smallmolecule drugs have also been implemented in clinical *** evidence suggests that CDKs,constituting a kinase family predominantly involved in cell cycle control,are synthetic lethal factors when combined with certain oncogenes,such as MFC,TP53,and RAS,which facilitate numerous antitumor treatment options based on CDK-related synthetic *** this review,we focus on the synthetic lethal phenotype and mechanism related to CDKs and summarize the preclinical and clinical discoveries of CDK inhibitors to explore the prospect of CDK inhibitors as antitumor compounds for strategic synthesis lethality in the future.

关键词： Synthetic lethality Cyclin-dependent kinase Antitumor therapy oncogenes MYC P53 RAS PARP

Behind the curtain of non-coding RNAs; long non-coding RNAs regulating hepatocarcinogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第5期24卷 549-572页

作者： Aya El Khodiry Menna Afify Hend M El Tayebi Genetic Pharmacology Research Group Clinical Pharmacy Unit department of Pharmacology and toxicology faculty of Pharmacy and biotechnology German University in Cairo

Hepatocellular carcinoma(HCC) is one of the most common and aggressive cancers worldwide. HCC is the fifth common malignancy in the world and the second leading cause of cancer death in Asia. Long non-coding RNAs(lncRNAs) are RNAs with a length greater than 200 nucleotides that do not encode proteins. lncRNAs can regulate gene expression and protein synthesis in several ways by interacting with DNA, RNA and proteins in a sequence specific manner. They could regulate cellular and developmental processes through either gene inhibition or gene activation. Many studies have shown that dysregulation of lncRNAs is related to many human diseases such as cardiovascular diseases, genetic disorders, neurological diseases, immune mediated disorders and cancers. However, the study of lncRNAs is challenging as they are poorly conserved between species, their expression levels aren't as high as that of m RNAs and have great interpatient variations. The study of lncRNAs expression in cancers have been a breakthrough as it unveils potential biomarkers and drug targets for cancer therapy and helps understand the mechanism of pathogenesis. This review discusses many long non-coding RNAs and their contribution in HCC, their role in development, metastasis, and prognosis of HCC and how to regulate and target these lncRNAs as a therapeutic tool in HCC treatment in the future.

关键词： tumor suppressor genes oncogenes Long non-coding RNAs proliferation hepatocellular carcinoma metastasis

Profile of Dr. Jia Fan

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2019年第9期62卷 1136-1137页

作者： author is not clear Unknown unit

*** Fan,MD,is the President of Zhongshan Hospital,Professor at the Department of Liver Surgery,Chairman of the Shanghai Association of Liver Disease,and Deputy Chief of the Liver Cancer Institute at Fudan *** received his MS degree from Medical College of Southeast University in 1988 and PhD degree from Shanghai Medical College of Fudan University in *** was a Visiting Scholar at the University of Pittsburgh Medical Center from 1999 to ***,his cancer research has earned him elections as an Academician of the Chinese Academy of Sciences in 2017,the Chairman of the Oncology Branch of Chinese Medical Association in 2014,and a Fellow of the American College of Surgeons in *** has been the Chairman of the Chinese Society of Liver Cancer and the Oncology Branch of the Shanghai Medical *** addition,he has been a peer reviewer for many prestigious international journals such as The Lancet,Journal of Clinical Oncology,and *** Fan has dedicated his career to clinical diagnosis,treatment,and basic research of liver *** major contributions to the field are described below.

关键词： cancer research Jia Fan oncogenes

Expression of regulating apoptosis gene and apoptosis index in primary liver cancer

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2000年第5期6卷 721-724页

作者： Hong Yu Xu You Lin Yang Xi Li Guan Guang Song Ai Min Jiang Li Jun Shi Department of Digestion The First Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001China Department of Pathology The First Hospital of Harbin Medical UniversityHarbin 150001China

INTRODUCTIONProgramed cell death plays an important role in thegenesis of *** cancer genes canregulate ***,several proteins thatare structurally related to Bcl-2,an inhibitor ofapoptosis,have been ***,novel strategies... 详细信息

关键词： liver neoplasms apoptosis immunohistochemistry oncogenes tumor markers biological in situ hybridization

Review:Mechanisms of inherited cancer susceptibility

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2008年第1期9卷 1-4页

作者： Shirley HODGSON Department of Cancer Genetics St Georges HospitalUniversity of LondonLondon SW17 OREUK

A small proportion of many cancers are due to inherited mutations in genes,which result in a high risk to the indi-vidual of developing specific cancers. There are several classes of genes that may be involved: tumour suppressor genes,onco-genes,genes encoding proteins involved in DNA repair and cell cycle control,and genes involved in stimulating the angiogenic pathway. Alterations in susceptibility to cancer may also be due to variations in genes involved in carcinogen metabolism. This review discusses examples of some of these genes and the associated clinical conditions caused by the inheritance of mutations in such genes.

关键词： Cancer Inherited mutations DNA repair Tumour suppressor gene oncogenes

Stress granules in colorectal cancer:Current knowledge and potential therapeutic applications

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2020年第35期26卷 5223-5247页

作者： Noémie Legrand Dan A Dixon Cyril Sobolewski Department of Medicine Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGeneva CH-1211Switzerland Department of Molecular Biosciences University of KansasLawrenceKansasand University of Kansas Cancer CenterLawrenceKS 66045United States Department of Cell Physiology and Metabolism Faculty of MedicineUniversity of GenevaGeneva CH-1211Switzerland

Stress granules(SGs)represent important non-membrane cytoplasmic compartments,involved in cellular adaptation to various stressful conditions(e.g.,hypoxia,nutrient deprivation,oxidative stress).These granules contain several scaffold proteins and RNA-binding proteins,which bind to mRNAs and keep them translationally silent while protecting them from harmful *** the role of SGs in cancer development is still poorly known and vary between cancer types,increasing evidence indicate that the expression and/or the activity of several key SGs components are deregulated in colorectal tumors but also in pre-neoplastic conditions(e.g.,inflammatory bowel disease),thus suggesting a potential role in the onset of colorectal cancer(CRC).It is therefore believed that SGs formation importantly contributes to various steps of colorectal tumorigenesis but also in *** CRC is the third most frequent cancer and one of the leading causes of cancer mortality worldwide,development of new therapeutic targets is needed to offset the development of chemoresistance and formation of *** SGs assembly may therefore represent an appealing therapeutic strategy to re-sensitize colon cancer cells to anti-cancer *** this review,we summarize the current knowledge on SGs in colorectal cancer and the potential therapeutic strategies that could be employed to target them.

关键词： Stress-Granules Colorectal cancer Adenylate-Uridylate-rich element-binding proteins Post-transcriptional regulation oncogenes Tumor suppressors

Differential control of growth,apoptotic activity and gene expression in human colon cancer cells by extracts derived from medicinal herbs,Rhazya stricta and Zingiber officinale and their combination

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第41期20卷 15275-15288页

作者： Ayman I Elkady Rania Abd El Hamid Hussein Osama A Abu-Zinadah Department of Biological Sciences Faculty of SciencesKing Abdulaziz University Zoology Department Faculty of ScienceAlexandria University Department of Clinical Nutrition Faculty of Applied Medical SciencesKing Abdulaziz University Gamal Abd El Nasser Hospital

AIM: To investigate the effects of extracts from Rhazya stricta (R. stricta) and Zingiber officinale (Z. officinale) on human colorectal cancer cells.

关键词： Apoptosis Colorectal cancer oncogenes Phytochemicals Tumor suppressor proteins

Causes and consequences of microsatellite instability in gastric carcinogenesis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第44期20卷 16433-16442页

作者： Sérgia Velho Maria Sofia Fernandes Marina Leite Ceu Figueiredo Raquel Seruca IPATIMUP-Institute of Molecular Pathology and Immunology of the University of Porto Department of Pathology and Oncology Faculty of Medicine of the University of Porto

Loss of DNA mismatch repair(MMR) function, due to somatic or germline epi/genetic alterations of MMR genes leads to the accumulation of numerous mutations across the genome, creating a molecular phenotype known as microsatellite instability(MSI). In gastric cancer(g C), MSI occurs in about 15% to 30% of the cases. This review summarizes the current knowledge on the molecular mechanisms underlying the acquisition of MSI in g C as well as on the clinic, pathologic and molecular consequences of the MSI phenotype. Additionally, current therapeutic strategies for g C and their applicability in the MSI subset are also discussed.

关键词： Gastric cancer Microsatellite instability Mismatch repair genes oncogenes Helicobacter pylori