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Source of atmospheric moisture and precipitation over China＇s major river basins

Frontiers of Earth Science 2016年第1期10卷 159-170页

作者： Tongtiegang ZHAO Jianshi ZHAO Hongchang HU Guangheng NI State Key Laboratory of Hydro-Science and Engineering Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

oceanic evaporation via the East Asian Monsoon （EAM） has been regarded as the major source of precipitation over China, but a recent study estimated that terrestrial evaporation might contribute up to 80% of the precipitation in the country. To explain the contra- diction, this study presents a comprehensive analysis of the contribution of oceanic and terrestrial evaporation to atmospheric moisture and precipitation in China＇s major river basins. The results show that from 1980 to 2010, the mean annual atmospheric moisture （precipitable water） over China was 13.7 mm, 39% of which originates from oceanic evaporation and 61% from terrestrial evaporation. The mean annual precipitation was 737 mm, 43% of which originates from oceanic evaporation and 57% from terrestrial evaporation. oceanic evaporation makes a greater contribution to atmospheric moisture and precipitation in the East Asian Monsoon Region in South and East China than terrestrial evaporation does. Particularly, for the Pearl River and southeastern rivers, oceanic evaporation contributes approximately 65% of annual precipitation and more than 70% of summer precipitation. Meanwhile, terrestrial evaporation contributes more precipitation in northwest China due to the westerly wind. For the northwestern rivers, terrestrial evaporation from the Eurasian continents contributes more than 70% of precipitation. There is a linear relation between mean annual precipitation and the contribution of oceanic evaporation to precipitation, with a correlation coefficient of 0.92, among the ten major river basins in China.

关键词： oceanic evaporation terrestrial evaporation,moisture Wansport East Asian Monsoon westerly wind,Tibetan Plateau

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Subseasonal Variations of Wintertime North Pacific evaporation,Cold Air Surges and Water Vapor Transport

Subseasonal Variations of Wintertime North Pacific Evaporati...

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第35届中国气象学会年会

作者： REN Xuejuan YANG Xiu-Qun HU Haibo School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University

This study addresses subseasonal variations of oceanic evaporation（E） over the North Pacific during winter,and the connection with the cold air surges（CAS） and atmospheric water vapor transport using the OAFlux and ERA-Interim daily *** performing an empirical orthogonal function（EOF） analysis,two dominant modes of subseasonal evaporation anomaly（E?） are identified:a zonally wave-train like pattern（EOF1）,and an east positive–west negative dipolar pattern（EOF2） in the midlatitude *** analyses yield the following conclusions.（1） The Siberian high（SH）-related CAS has a crucial role in generation of the EOF1 mode of E?.When the dry and cold airmass passes the warm Kuroshio current and its extension（KOE） region,the increased air–sea temperature and moisture differences and intensified wind speed lead to the above-normal oceanic E,and vice versa.（2） The Aleutian low（AL）-related CAS contributes to the EOF2 mode of E?.The intensified AL transports dramatically colder and drier airmass toward the KOE region,and slightly warmer and wetter one toward the west coast of North America,leading to the east positive–west negative structure of E? in the midlatitude basin.（3）A quasi-linear relationship exists between E? and divergent water vapor transport anomalies over the KOE ***（negative） E? is generally accompanied by anomalous vapor source（sink）.（4） The divergent water vapor transport anomalies associated with the two EOFs are preliminarily decided by their individual lower-level wind fields anomalies,and secondly by the meridional inhomogeneity of subseasonal specific humidity *** effects on precipitation over the pan-North Pacific region are also discussed.

关键词： oceanic evaporation cold air surges atmospheric water vapor transport subseasonal time scale

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