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nutrition in Alzheimer's disease:a review of an underappreciated pathophysiological mechanism

Science China(Life Sciences) 2023年第10期66卷 2257-2279页

作者： Jiwei Jiang Hanping Shi Shirui Jiang Anxin Wang Xinying Zou Yanli Wang Wenyi Li Yuan Zhang Mengfan Sun Qiwei Ren Jun Xu Department of Neurology Beijing Tiantan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100070China China National Clinical Research Center for Neurological Diseases Beijing 100070China Department of Gastrointestinal Surgery Beijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038China Department of Clinical nutrition Beijing Shijitan HospitalCapital Medical UniversityBeijing 100038China Beijing International Science and Technology Cooperation Base for Cancer Metabolism and nutrition Beijing 100038China

Alzheimer's disease(AD)is the leading cause of dementia in older individuals and is an escalating challenge to global public health.Pharmacy therapy of AD is one of the well-funded areas;however,little progress has been made due to the complex pathogenesis.Recent evidence has demonstrated that modifying risk factors and lifestyle may prevent or delay the incidence of AD by 40%,which suggests that the management should pivot from single pharmacotherapy toward a multipronged approach because AD is a complex and multifaceted disease.Recently,the gut-microbiota-brain axis has gained tremendous traction in the pathogenesis of AD through bidirectional communication with multiple neural,immune,and metabolic pathways,providing new insights into novel therapeutic strategies.Dietary nutrition is an important and profound environmental factor that influences the composition and function of the microbiota.The nutrition for Dementia Prevention Working Group recently found that dietary nutrition can affect cognition in AD-related dementia directly or indirectly through complex interactions of behavioral,genetic,systemic,and brain factors.Thus,considering the multiple etiologies of AD,nutrition represents a multidimensional factor that has a profound effect on AD onset and development.However,mechanistically,the effect of nutrition on AD is uncertain;therefore,optimal strategies or the timing of nutritional intervention to prevent or treat AD has not been established.Thus,this review summarizes the current state of knowledge concerning nutritional disorders,AD patient and caregiver burden,and the roles of nutrition in the pathophysiology of AD.We aim to emphasize knowledge gaps to provide direction for future research and to establish optimal nutrition-based intervention strategies for AD.

关键词： Alzheimer's disease nutrition diet pathogenesis metabolism brain-gut axis

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Amino acid nutrition and metabolism in domestic cats and dogs

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畜牧与生物技术杂志:英文版 2023年第5期14卷 1777-1797页

作者： Peng Li Guoyao Wu North American Renderers Association AlexandriaVirginia 22314USA Department of Animal Science Texas A&M UniversityCollege StationTX 77843USA

Domestic cats and dogs are carnivores that have evolved differentially in the nutrition and metabolism of amino acids.This article highlights both proteinogenic and nonproteinogenic amino acids.Dogs inadequately synthesize citrulline(the precursor of arginine)from glutamine,glutamate,and proline in the small intestine.Although most breeds of dogs have potential for adequately converting cysteine into taurine in the liver,a small proportion(1.3%-2.5%)of the Newfoundland dogs fed commercially available balanced diets exhibit a deficiency of taurine possibly due to gene mutations.Certain breeds of dogs(e.g.,golden retrievers)are more prone to taurine deficiency possibly due to lower hepatic activities of cysteine dioxygenase and cysteine sulfinate decarboxylase.De novo synthesis of arginine and taurine is very limited in cats.Thus,concentrations of both taurine and arginine in feline milk are the greatest among domestic mammals.Compared with dogs,cats have greater endogenous nitrogen losses and higher dietary requirements for many amino acids(e.g.,arginine,taurine,cysteine,and tyrosine),and are less sensitive to amino acid imbalances and antagonisms.Throughout adulthood,cats and dogs may lose 34%and 21%of their lean body mass,respectively.Adequate intakes of high-quality protein(i.e.,32%and 40%animal protein in diets of aging dogs and cats,respectively;dry matter basis)are recommended to alleviate aging-associated reductions in the mass and function of skeletal muscles and bones.Pet-food grade animal-sourced foodstuffs are excellent sources of both proteinogenic amino acids and taurine for cats and dogs,and can help to optimize their growth,development,and health.

关键词： Animal-sourced foodstuffs Cats Dogs Health Metabolism nutrition

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Relationship between early nutrition and deep gray matter and lateral ventricular volumes of preterm infants at term-equivalent age

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World Journal of Pediatrics 2023年第5期19卷 460-468页

作者： Felicia Toppe Tobias Rasche Christel Weiss Alexandra Schock Ursula Felderhoff-Müser Hanna Müller Department of Pediatrics I NeonatologyPediatric Intensive Careand Pediatric NeurologyUniversity Hospital EssenUniversity of Duisburg-EssenHufelandstr.5545147EssenGermany Department of Medical Statistics Biomathematicsand Information ProcessingMedical Faculty Mannheim of Heidelberg UniversityTheodor-Kutzer-Ufer 1-368167MannheimGermany Pediatric Surgery University Hospital MarburgUniversity of MarburgBaldingerstraße35043MarburgGermany Department of Pediatrics Neonatology and Pediatric Intensive CareUniversity Hospital MarburgUniversity of MarburgBaldingerstraße35043MarburgGermany

Background The survival of preterm infants has improved over the last decade,but impaired brain development leading to poor neurological outcomes is still a major comorbidity associated with prematurity.The aim of this study was to evaluate the effect of nutrition on neurodevelopment in preterm infants and identify markers for improved outcomes.Methods Totally 67 premature infants with a gestational age of 24–34 weeks and a birth weight of 450–2085 g were included.Clinical parameters and documented diet were collected from medical records.The nutritional analysis comprised the protein,fat,carbohydrate,and energy intake during different time spans.Brain development was assessed by determining deep gray matter(DGM;basal ganglia and thalamus)and lateral ventricular(LV)volumes as measured on cerebral magnetic resonance imaging scans obtained at term-equivalent age(TEA),and potential associations between nutrition and brain volumetrics were detected by regression analysis.Results We observed a negative correlation between mean daily protein intake in the third postnatal week and MRI-measured DGM volume at TEA(P=0.007).In contrast,head circumference at a corrected age of 35 weeks gestation(Pnutrition for brain development following preterm birth.

关键词： Deep gray matter Lateral ventricles Magnetic resonance imaging nutrition Prematurity

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Nutri-microbiome epidemiology,an emerging field to disentangle the interplay between nutrition and microbiome for human health

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Protein & Cell 2023年第11期14卷 787-806页

作者： Wanglong Gou Zelei Miao Kui Deng Ju-Sheng Zheng Westlake Intelligent Biomarker Discovery Lab Westlake Laboratory of Life Sciences and BiomedicineHangzhou 310024China Research Center for Industries of the Future Key Laboratory of Growth Regulation and Translational Research of Zhejiang ProvinceSchool of Life SciencesWestlake UniversityHangzhou 310030China Institute of Basic Medical Sciences Westlake Institute for Advanced StudyHangzhou 310024China

Diet and nutrition have a substantial impact on the human microbiome,and interact with the microbiome,especially gut microbiome,to modulate various diseases and health status.Microbiome research has also guided the nutrition field to a more integrative direction,becoming an essential component of the rising area of precision nutrition.In this review,we provide a broad insight into the interplay among diet,nutrition,microbiome,and microbial metabolites for their roles in the human health.Among the microbiome epidemiological studies regarding the associations of diet and nutrition with microbiome and its derived metabolites,we summarize those most reliable findings and highlight evidence for the relationships between diet and disease-associated microbiome and its functional readout.Then,the latest advances of the microbiome-based precision nutrition research and multidisciplinary integration are described.Finally,we discuss several outstanding challenges and opportunities in the field of nutri-microbiome epidemiology.

关键词： microbiome nutrition human health epidemiology

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nutrition in Chinese-Korean Children and Adolescents

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2016年第1期29卷 24-40页

作者： YIN Xiao Jian XU Ya Tao JI Liu JI Cheng Ye Key Laboratory of Adolescent Health Assessment and Exercise Intervention Ministry of EducationCollege of Physical Education & HealthEast China Normal University Institute of Child and Adolescent Health Peking University Health Science Center

Objective To study the nutrition habits among Chinese-Korean children and adolescents in Yanbian Autonomous Prefecture, Jilin, China. Methods Data were obtained from the Chinese National Survey on Students’ Constitution and Health in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 for Chinese-Korean children and adolescents aged 7-18 years. The number of the subjects included was 4789, 4704, 5875, and 5315, respectively. Results The rate of the occurrence of stunting showed a declining trend from 1995 to 2010(for boys: urban, 6.3%; rural, 12.7% in 1995 and 3.5% for both in 2010. For girls: urban, 7.8%; rural, 13.4% in 1995 and 4.2% and 5.5%, respectively, in 2010). Although the ratio of wasting did not show significant differences between the urban and rural children and adolescents in 1995, 2000, 2005, and 2010 respectively, the ratio of occurrence of overweight or obesity increased(for boys: urban, 7.3% and 1.3% in 1995, 17.6% and 12.9% in 2010; rural, 7.0% and 1.3% in 1995, 14.6% and 12.8% in 2010, respectively. For girls: urban, 8.1% and 1.0% in 1995, 17.3% and 8.6% in 2010; rural 5.7% and 0.7% in 1995, 16.4% and 7.4% in 2010, respectively). Conclusion The ratio of malnutrition in children and adolescents in Chinese-Korean areas declined from 1995 to 2010, and the distinction in malnutrition between the urban and rural areas was negligible in 2010. Further, the ratio of overweight and obesity increased over this period.

关键词： Chinese-Korean children and adolescents nutrition Stunting/Wasting Overweight/Obesity

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nutrition and metabolism in burn patients

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Burns & Trauma 2017年第2期5卷 95-106页

作者： Audra Clark Jonathan Imran Tarik Madni Steven E. Wolf University of Texas Southwestern Medical Center 5323 Harry Hines Blvd.Dallas TX 75390 USA

Severe burn causes significant metabolic derangements that make nutritional support uniquely important and challenging for burned patients. Burn injury causes a persistent and prolonged hypermetabolic state and increased catabolism that results in increased muscle wasting and cachexia. Metabolic rates of burn patients can surpass twice normal, and failure to fulfill these energy requirements causes impaired wound healing, organ dysfunction,and susceptibility to infection. Adequate assessment and provision of nutritional needs is imperative to care for these patients. There is no consensus regarding the optimal timing, route, amount, and composition of nutritional support for burn patients, but most clinicians advocate for early enteral nutrition with highcarbohydrate formulas.nutritional support must be individualized, monitored, and adjusted throughout recovery. Further investigation is needed regarding optimal nutritional support and accurate nutritional endpoints and goals.

关键词： Burn nutrition Metabolism Critical care

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Special issue:molecular nutrition and chronic diseases

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Journal of Zhejiang University-Science B(Biomedicine & Biotechnology) 2023年第7期24卷 549-553页

作者： Wei CHEN Hongming SU Department of Food Science and nutrition Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China2.Department of Food Science and NutritionUniversity of Minnesota-Twin CitiesSaint Paul 55108USA

"Let food be thy medicine and medicine be thy food"—the ancient adage proposed by Greek philoso-pher Hippocrates of Kos thousands of years ago al-ready acknowledged the importance of the beneficial and health-promoting effects of food nutrients on the body(Mafra et al.,2021).Recent epidemiological and large-scale community studies have also reported that unhealthy diets or eating habits may contribute heavily to the burden of chronic,non-communicable diseases,such as obesity,type 2 diabetes mellitus(T2DM),hypertension,cardiovascular disease(CVD),cancer,neurodegenerative diseases,arthritis,chronic kidney disease(CKD),and chronic obstructive pulmonary disease(COPD)(Jayedi et al.,2020;Gao et al.,2022).Emerging evidence highlights that a diet rich in fruits and vegetables can prevent various chronic diseases(Chen et al.,2022).Food bioactive compounds includ-ing vitamins,phytochemicals,and dietary fibers are responsible for these nutraceutical benefits.

关键词： diseases vitamin nutrition

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Learning about good nutrition with the 5-color front-of-package label"Nutri-Score":an experimental study

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2024年第3期13卷 1195-1200页

作者： Robin C.Hau Klaus W.Lange University of Applied Sciences Landshut Landshut 84036Germany Faculty of Human Sciences University of RegensburgRegensburg 93040Germany

The Nutri-Score is a 5-color front-of-pack nutrition label designed to provide consumers with an easily understandable guideline to the healthiness of food products.The impact that the Nutri-Score may have on consumers'choices is unclear since different experimental paradigms have found vastly different effect sizes.In the present study,we have investigated how student participants change a hypothetical personal 1-daydietary plan after a learning phase during which they learn about the Nutri-Scores of the available food items.Participants were instructed to compose a healthy diet plan in order that the question of whether the NutriScore would improve their ability to compose a healthy dietary plan could be investigated,independent of the question of whether they would apply this knowledge in their ordinary lives.We found a substantial(Cohen's d=0.86)positive impact on nutritional quality(as measured by the Nutrient Profiling System score of the Food Standards Agency)and a medium-sized(Cohen's d=0.43)reduction of energy content.Energy content reduction was larger for participants who had initially composed plans with higher energy content.The results suggest that the Nutri-Score has the potential to guide consumers to healthier food choices.It remains unclear,however,whether this potential will be reflected in real-life dietary choices.

关键词： Nutri-Score Front-of-package label Nudge nutrition Health

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nutrition therapy:Integral part of liver transplant care

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第4期22卷 1513-1522页

作者： Lucilene Rezende Anastácio Maria Isabel Toulson Davisson Correia nutrition Department Universidade Federal do Triângulo MineiroUberaba 38025-440Brazil Department of Surgery Faculdade de MedicinaUniversidade Federal de Minas GeraisMinas Gerais 31270-901Brazil

Managing malnutrition before liver transplantation(LTx) while on the waiting list and, excessive weight gain/metabolic disturbances in post-surgery are still a challenge in LTx care. The aim of this review is to support an interdisciplinary nutrition approach of these patients. Cirrhotic patients are frequently malnourished before LTx and this is associated with a poor prognosis. Although the relation between nutritional status versus survival, successful operation and recovery after LTx is well established, prevalence of malnutrition before the operation is still very high. Emerging research has also demonstrated that sarcopenia pre and post-transplant is highly prevalent, despite the weight gain in the postoperative period. The diagnosis of the nutritional status is the first step to address the adequate nutritional therapy. nutritional recommendations and therapy to manage the nutritional status of LTx patients are discussed in this review, regarding counseling on adequate diets and findings of the latest research on using certain immunonutrients in these patients(branched chain amino-acids, pre and probiotics). nutrition associated complications observed after transplantation is also described. They are commonly related to the adverse effects of immunosuppressive drugs, leading to hyperkalemia, hyperglycemia and weight gain. Excessive weight gain and post-transplant metabolic disorders have long been described in post-LTx and should be addressed in order to reduce associated morbidity and mortality.

关键词： nutritional status Malnutrition Obesity Metabolic syndrome nutrition therapy Liver transplantation

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nutrition-Associated Processes Govern Fungal Pathogenicity

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Infectious Microbes & Diseases 2021年第2期3卷 69-78页

作者： Xindi Gao Yi Fu Chen Ding College of Life and Heath Sciences Northeastern UniversityShenyangLiaoningChina

Fungal pathogens present a major common threat across human communities:they cause disease and death in humans,animals,and global food crops.The development of anti-fungal therapies is hampered primarily by the lack of knowledge about the molecular mechanisms of fungal pathogenicity at the host-pathogen axis.Many studies have shown that nutrition-associated processes such as autophagy and metal homeostasis play essential roles in fungal virulence during systemic infection.During infection,the host immune system often employs nutrition restriction mechanisms to limit microbial proliferation and facilitate the killing and elimination of invading pathogens.Therefore,fast sensing and adaptation to the levels of environmental nutrients are critical if the fungal pathogen is to survive,replicate,and colonize in the host.Fungal cells have evolved numerous precise mechanisms to respond to various levels of nutrient availability.Studies show that fungal cells manipulate the expression of genes involved in nutrient acquisition,autophagosome formation,toxic nutrient detoxification,or cell morphological transition to counter the anti-fungal strategies of the host.This review of the most recent studies of nutrition-related pathways focuses primarily on autophagy,metal homeostasis,and the nutrition-driven morphological switches found in two major human fungal pathogens,Cryptococcus neoformans and Candida albicans.It is a systematic comparison of the functional divergence of nutrition-related genes in the fungal pathogenicity of these evolutionarily distinct but related fungal species.

关键词： nutrition fungal pathogens autophagy Candida albicans Cryptococcus

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