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Addition of tert-butylhydroquinone(TBHQ)to maize oil reduces lipid oxidation but does not prevent reductions in serum vitamin E in nursery pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第4期10卷 958-968页

作者： Yuan T.Hung Andrea R.Hanson Pedro E.Urriola Lee J.Johnston Brian J.Kerr Gerald C.Shurson Department of Animal Science University of Minnesota1988 Fitch Ave.St.PaulMN 55108USA Professional Swine Management LLCCarthageIL 62321USA USDA-ARS National Laboratory for Agriculture and the Environment AmesIA 50011USA West Central Research and Outreach Center University of MinnesotaMorrisMN 56267USA

Background: Maize oil is abundantly used in foods and feeds and is highly susceptible to oxidation. Consequently,commercially available antioxidants should be evaluated for effectiveness against lipid oxidation in swine diets. Our study was conducted to evaluate growth performance of nursery pigs fed oxidized maize oil and to determine effects of using antioxidants on oxidative status in a 2 × 2 factorial design. Two hundred eight weaned pigs were blocked by initial BW into 13 blocks, resulting in 4 pigs per pen and 13 pens per treatment. Dietary treatments included 6% unoxidized or oxidized maize oil, and 0 or 60 mg/kg of tert-butylhydroquinone(TBHQ), which was added after lipid oxidation. Data for growth performance were collected from 5 time periods of a two-phase feeding program(Phase 1 = d 0 to 12 and Phase 2 = d 13 to 34). Serum and liver samples were collected from one pig per pen, which had initial BW closest to average BW to determine oxidative status on d 34.Results: Oxidized maize oil was heated for 12 h at 185 °C with 12 L/min of air, yielding a peroxide value(PV) of 5.98 m Eq O2/kg and TBARS of 0.11 mg MDA eq/g. Addition of TBHQ to diets containing oxidized maize oil decreased PV by 37% and increased the oil stability index by 69%. Final BW, ADG, ADFI, and G:F of pigs were not different among the four dietary treatments. However, pigs fed oxidized maize oil tended(P < 0.08) to increase hepatosomatic index by 5% compared with those fed unoxidized oil, and this was not affected by adding TBHQ.The serum vitamin E concentration of pigs fed oxidized maize oil was less(P < 0.03) than pigs fed unoxidized oil,but this reduction was not reversed by adding TBHQ. Finally, the serum and liver selenium concentration were not different among the treatments.Conclusions: The addition of TBHQ did not affect growth performance and vitamin E status in pigs fed moderately oxidized maize oil, but TBHQ reduced lipid oxidation, enhanced the oil stability, and appeared to reduce oxidative stress.

关键词： Growth performance Lipid oxidation Maize oil nursery pigs TBHQ Vitamin E

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Responses of Bruguiera sexangula propagules to beneficial microbes in the nursery

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Journal of Forestry Research 2018年第4期29卷 1082-1087页

作者： Arumugam Karthikeyan Natchimuthu Balasubramaniam Sivapriya Institute of Forest Genetics and Tree Breeding Coimbatore 641002 India

Bruguiera sexangula （Lout） Poir., a threatened mangrove tree, was inoculated with beneficial microbes in a nursery to assess any improvements in growth and bio- mass. From soil samples from the rhizosphere of B. sexangula in a mangrove forest in Panangadu of Kerala India, nitrogen-fixing bacteria Azotobacter chroococcum and Azospirillum brasilense were isolated. The phosphatesolubilising bacterium Bacillus megaterium and potassiummobilizing bacteria Frateruria aurantia were also isolated and cultured on suitable media. Later, ripe propagules of B. sexangula were collected from matured trees and raised in sterilized soil bags （13 × 25 cm） containing sterilized soil and sand （2：1 ratio）. The cultured beneficial microbes were propagated and used to inoculate the ripe propagules of B. sexangula and maintained in the nursery for 6 months. After 6 months, growth and biomass of the inoculated propagules were greater than for the uninoculated control propagules. Shoot length, number of leaves, stem girth and root length were also significantly greater than in the controls. This study showed that the mangrove-specific beneficial microbes influenced the growth of B. sexangula

关键词： Mangroves Bruguiera sexangula Beneficial microbes nursery Propagules

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移交之后：“托幼一体化”中的国家义务

幼儿教育导读（教育科学版）

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幼儿教育导读（教育科学版） 2024年第1期

作者：段泽孝

城镇小区配套幼儿园的治理与移交工作，使学前教育领域的普惠性原则从立法与规范性文件中的规范表达成为现实，这一过程实际上是国家保护义务的履行。但随着少子化的冲击，作为治理与移交政策产物的“民转公”幼儿园和普惠性民办幼儿园... 详细信息

城镇小区配套幼儿园的治理与移交工作，使学前教育领域的普惠性原则从立法与规范性文件中的规范表达成为现实，这一过程实际上是国家保护义务的履行。但随着少子化的冲击，作为治理与移交政策产物的“民转公”幼儿园和普惠性民办幼儿园面临生存危机，此时需要国家履行治理与移交的嗣后责任。推进此二类幼儿园向“托幼一体化”转型，有助于提高幼儿园对抗少子化风险的能力，其本质是国家加大托位供给，履行给付义务。“托幼一体化”离不开法治保障，但整合立法不能一蹴而就。可通过摸底排查、指导转型、财政支持等举措，促使学前教育与托育服务在“民转公”幼儿园和普惠性民办幼儿园内实现“物理”融合，进而奠定“托幼一体化”的法治基础。

关键词：少子化学前教育托育普惠性国家义务　　low fertility preschool education nursery inclusiveness state obligations

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THE DISCUSSION ON THE MEASURES OF INCREASING nursery STOCK QUALITY IN FRIGID REGION OF CHINA

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Journal of Northeast Forestry University 1993年第2期4卷 43-50页

作者： Qi Mingcong Shen Hailong Northeast Forestry University Yang Xiujuan Museum of Heilongjiang Province Northeast Forestry University China Museum of Heilongjiang Province China

Through several years seedling-growing experiments in nursery in Daxing‘anMountains forest region,the author posed that the seedling cultivated for the region mustpossess the characteristics of being suited to thin and meager soil and having strongresistance to adverse conditions.For this purpose,the cultivation regime ought to bedirectization,standardization and programmatization;seedling growth ought to be promotedby regulating ecological conditions;and the mursery stock quality ought to be tested usingvigor index.

关键词： Seedling-growing measure Frigid region nursery stock quality

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Benefit-cost analysis of raising Pinus wallichiana seedlings in different capacities/sizes of root trainers in the nursery

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Forestry Studies in China 2009年第2期11卷 118-121页

作者： Altamash BASHIR K. N. QAISAR M. A. KHAN Mumtaz MAJEED Faculty of Forestry Sher-e-Kashmir University of Agricultural Science and Technology of KashmirShalimarSrinagar

Modern nursery methods of seedling production in different sized root trainers, were compared by raising seedlings of Pinus wallichiana involving costs incurred and benefits received. In order to provide a common basis for the comparisons, the study involved the raising of 1000 seedlings annually on a continuous basis for seven years. A relative economic analysis of raising P. wallichiana seedlings in 300, 150 and 100 cm^3 root trainers was carried out and we estimated that the root trainers of 300 cm^3 capacity recorded the highest total input cost of Rs. 35571 and Rs. 40018 for 1000 seedlings produced annually at discount rates of 12% and 6%. Seedlings raised in 100 cm^3 root trainers recorded the lowest total input cost of Rs. 23390 and Rs. 27737 per 1000 seedlings annually at discount rates of 12% and 6%. Hence, returns per rupee invested in raising seedlings in the 100 cm^3 root trainers accounted for the maximum benefit-cost ratio （i.e., 1.56 and 1.61） at discount rates of 12% and 6%. Thus seedlings raised in 100 cm^3 and 150 cm^3 root trainers were found to be most cost effective when compared with seedlings grown in 300 cm^3 root trainers. The results can be attributed to the larger number of cells per tray （higher growth density） in the 100 and 150 cm^3 root trainers, compared to the number of seedlings in the 300 cm^3 root trainers.

关键词： economics Pinus wallichiana root trainer benefit-cost ratio nursery

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EFFECTS OF SEEDING DENSITY AND BASIC MANURE ON THE GROWTH OF DRY nursery SEEDLINGS IN LATE DOUBLE CROPPING RICE IN SOUTH CHINA

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热带亚热带植物学报 1996年第S1期4卷 10-15页

作者： Zhang Xu Kong Qingni Huang Nongrong Lin Daoxuan Liu Yanzhuo(Rice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640)Cai Hanxiong Liang Quan Liang Youqiang Liang Chengying(Cereal and Oil Crop Production Section, Agricultural Department of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510500)

During the period of dry nursery seedling raising of late double cropping indica rice in South China, both chemical fertilizer and farmyard manure did not show obvious effect on the growth of shoot and root in young seedlings at 4-leaf stage （18-day-old seedling）, but had significant effects on root growth in old seedlings with 6-7 leaves （27-day-old seedling） at suitable seeding densities (65-125g m-2). There were satistically significant differences （at 0.01 or 0.05 levels）between treatments in root number and rooting ability of root-pruned seedlings.

关键词： Double cropping Late season rice Dry nursery seedling Seeding density Basic manure

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EFFECTS OF SOIL MOISTURE CONTENT ON DRY nursery SEEDLING QUALITY OF LATE DOUBLE CROPPING RICE IN SOUTH CHINA

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热带亚热带植物学报 1996年第S1期4卷 16-23页

作者： Zhang Xu Huang Nongrong Kong Qingni Lin Daoxuan Liu YanzhuoRice Research Institute, Guangdong Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Guangzhou 510640Cai Hanxiong Liang Quan Liang Youqiang Liang ChengyingCereal and Oil Crop Production Section, Agricultural Department of Guangdong Province, Guangzhou 510500

In the present paper, an experiment was conducted to study the effects of soil moisture content on dry nursery seedling quality in Guangzhou in 1995. Through comparing the difference of dry nursery seedlings and wet nursery seedlings, we found a close relationship between soil moisture content and seedling growth. The seedling emergence of dry nursery seedling was more even, tidy and faster, and the survival rate was higher than that of wet nursery seedling. Dry nursery seedlings had small plant stature, slow leaf stretching speed and low individual seedling dry weight, but had high dry/fresh weight ratio. This was abeneficial factor for seedlings to recover from transplanting shock more quickly. As com-pared with the wet nursery seedlings, dry nursery seedlings had poor rooting ability,but had more vigorous white roots and fewer rust roots. It was the possibly important reasonfor dry nursery seedlings to form strong“explosive force”.

关键词： Late double cropping rice Dry nursery seedling Seedling quality Soil moisture

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Applying the Frame Theory to Translating Animal Metaphors in Cantonese nursery Rhymes into English

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Journal of Literature and Art Studies 2018年第7期8卷 1045-1050页

作者： WU Yu-mei Guangdong University of Foreign Studies South China Business CollegeGuangzhouChina

From the perspective of the frame theory,with the analysis of animal metaphors in Cantonese nursery rhymes,this paper discusses the feasible translation strategies,suggesting that direct translation can be adopted for animal metaphors that can evoke the similar cognitive frame in both Cantonese and English cultural contexts.As for those without identical frame,translation without the original vehicle can be used for the metaphors of physicalification,while translation with annotation can be applied for the metaphors of personification.

关键词： Cantonese nursery rhymes frame theory animal metaphors translation

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The Use of Cyanobacteria Arthrospira platensis and Cladoceran Daphnia magna as Complementary Protein and Lipid Sources in Transitional Diet for Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) nursery

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Natural Resources 2016年第7期7卷 423-433页

作者： Gede Suantika Harish Muhammad Fahma Fiqhiyyah Nur Azizah Nina Rachminiwati Magdalena Lenny Situmorang Dea Indriani Astuti Pingkan Aditiawati Microbial Biotechnology Research Group School of Life Sciences and Technology Institut Teknologi Bandung Bandung Indonesia

This study was conducted to evaluate the use of cyanobacteria Arthrospira platensis and cladoceran Daphnia magna biomass as complementary protein and lipid sources in diet supplementation for common carp (Cyprinus carpio L.) nursery. Three experimental diets containing A. platensis and D. magna meal at different concentrations were compared to the commercial (control) diet. Each experimental diet (ED) was set to contain D. magna and A. platensis meal at a specific combination: 2% and 5%, 2% and 7%, and 4% and 5% for ED1, ED2 and ED3, respectively. The protein and lipid content of the experimental diets ranged from 43.20% to 44.60% dry weight (DW) and 10.64% to 13.42% DW, respectively;while the protein and lipid content of the control diet were 43.00% DW and 6.72% DW, respectively. After 20 days of feeding period, ED3 group obtained the highest final body weight (BW) (58.18 ± 35.24 mg), total biomass (1936 ± 1625 mg), food conversion rate (1.34 ± 0.04), and specific growth rate (12.86 ± 0.03% BW day–1) among all treatment groups (P > 0.05);while ED1 group obtained the highest survival (75.5% ± 7.47%) among all treatment groups (P > 0.05). The total bacterial count and total pathogenic Aeromonas sp. in the culture water of the treatment groups (ranged from 2.00 to 2.65 × 105 CFU mL–1 and 3.50 to 4.12 × 103 CFU mL–1, respectively) were lower compared to the water of the control group fed (3.73 × 105 and 4.70 × 103 CFU mL–1, respectively). No significant differences in physicochemical water quality parameters were observed among treatments (P > 0.05). The current study suggests that the combination of A. platensis and D. magna biomass can be used as complementary protein and lipid sources in diet supplementation for common carp larvae and can result in a comparable fish growth, survival and feed utilization in common carp culture at the nursery phase.

关键词： Arthrospira platensis Artificial Diet Cyprinus carpio L. Daphnia magna nursery

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Impact of Rice nursery Nutrient Management, Seeding Density and Seedling Age on Yield and Yield Attributes

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American Journal of Plant Sciences 2013年第12期4卷 146-155页

作者： Bishnu Bilas Adhikari Biswarup Mehera Stephan Haefele Institute of Agriculture and Animal Science (IAAS) Chitwan Nepal Sam Higginbottom Institute of Agriculture Technology and Sciences (SHIATS) Allahabad India The University of Adelaide (UOA) Adelaide Australia

To help farmers in the mid hills of Nepal improve their crop management and rice yields, we conducted a study testing different nursery management options and their effect on grain yield and yield components under rainfed conditions. The experiment was conducted in a farmer’s field during the cropping season 2009 and 2010 at Sundarbazar, Lamjung, Nepal, using a 3-factor factorial RCB design with 3 replications. The three management factors tested were 1) fertilizer management in the nursery, 2) seeding density, and 3) seedling age at transplanting, using the rainfed lowland rice variety Radha-4. There were eight treatment combinations, consisting of two levels of fertilization (0 and 20:20:0:13 kg NPKS ha-1 at 15 DAS), two levels of seeding density (607 and 303 g·m-2) and two seedling ages (20 and 40 days old). Two years’ results showed that top-dressed fertilizer in the nursery had no consistent effect on grain yield. However, lower seeding density (303 g·m-2) resulted in taller plants, more productive tillers m-2, less sterility and higher grain yield. In addition, older seedlings (40 days) produced taller plants, more productive tillers, more filled grains, and a higher grain and straw yield. The interaction analysis between both factors indicated that 40 days old seedling with a low seeding density produced the highest grain yield, both in the drought season 2009 and the high-yielding season 2010. The economic analysis confirmed that the treatment with low seeding density and 40 days old seedlings produced by far the highest net returns and B:C ratio in both seasons, independent of the fertilizer treatment. The combination of these two management components is therefore economically viable and profitable, and can be recommended to farmers. However, the results need to be confirmed for other varieties used by farmers in the region.

关键词： Nepal Net Return nursery Management Rainfed Rice Seeding Density Seedling Age

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