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A new horizon for neuroscience:terahertz biotechnology in brain research

Neural Regeneration Research 2025年第2期20卷 309-325页

作者： Zhengping Pu Yu Wu Zhongjie Zhu Hongwei Zhao Donghong Cui Shanghai Key Laboratory of Psychotic Disorders Shanghai Mental Health CenterShanghai Jiao Tong University School of MedicineShanghaiChina Department of Psychiatry Kangci Hospital of JiaxingTongxiangZhejiang ProvinceChina Shanghai Synchrotron Radiation Facility Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina Key Laboratory of Interfacial Physics and Technology Shanghai Institute of Applied PhysicsChinese Academy of ScienceShanghaiChina National Facility for Protein Science in Shanghai Shanghai Advanced Research InstituteChinese Academy of SciencesShanghaiChina

Terahertz biotechnology has been increasingly applied in various biomedical fields and has especially shown great potential for application in brain *** this article,we review the development of terahertz biotechnology and its applications in the field of *** evidence indicates promising prospects for the use of terahertz spectroscopy and terahertz imaging techniques in the diagnosis of amyloid disease,cerebrovascular disease,glioma,psychiatric disease,traumatic brain injury,and myelin *** vitro and animal experiments have also demonstrated the potential therapeutic value of terahertz technology in some neuropsychiatric *** the precise underlying mechanism of the interactions between terahertz electromagnetic waves and the biosystem is not yet fully understood,the research progress in this field shows great potential for biomedical noninvasive diagnostic and therapeutic ***,the biosafety of terahertz radiation requires further exploration regarding its two-sided efficacy in practical *** review demonstrates that terahertz biotechnology has the potential to be a promising method in the field of neuropsychiatry based on its unique advantages.

关键词： biological effect brain neuron neuropsychiatry neuroscience non-thermal effect terahertz imaging terahertz radiation terahertz spectroscopy terahertz technology

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Post electrical or lightning injury syndrome: a proposal for an American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual formulation with implications for treatment

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第9期12卷 1405-1412页

作者： Christopher J.Andrews Andrew D.Reisner Mary Ann Cooper Medicine The University of Queensland Lightning and Electrical Injuries Mt Ommaney Family Practice Forensic Diagnostic Center of District Nine Lightning Injury Research Program University of Illinois at Chicago African Centres for Lightning and Electromagnetics Network

In the past, victims of electrical and lightning injuries have been assessed in a manner lacking a system- atic formulation, and against ad hoc criteria, particularly in the area of neuropsychological disability. In this manner patients have, for example, only been partially treated, been poorly or incorrectly diagnosed, and have been denied the full benefit of compensation for their injuries. This paper contains a proposal for diagnostic criteria particularly for the neuropsychological aspects of the post injury syndrome. It pays attention to widely published consistent descriptions of the syndrome, and a new cluster analysis of post electrical injury patients. It formulates a proposal which could be incorporated into future editions of the American Psychiatric Association＇s Diagnostic and Statistical Manual （DSM）. The major neuropsycholog- ical consequences include neurocognitive dysfunction, and memory subgroup dysfunction, with ongoing consequences, and sometimes including progressive or delayed psychiatric, cognitive, and/or neurological symptoms. The proposed diagnostic criteria insist on a demonstrated context for the injury, both specifying the shock circumstance, and also physical consequences. It allows for a certain delay in onset of symptoms. It recognizes exclusory conditions. The outcome is a proposal for a DSM classification for the post electrical or lightning injury syndrome. This proposal is considered important for grounding patient treatment, and for further treatment trials. Options for treatment in electrical or lightning injury are summarised, and future trials are foreshadowed.

关键词： electrical injury lightning injury neuropsychology neuropsychiatry injury American Psychiatric Association's Diagnostic and Statistical Manual

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Inhibiting the kynurenine pathway in spinal cord injury: multiple therapeutic potentials?

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第12期13卷 2073-2076页

作者： Kelly R.Jacobs David B.Lovejoy Neuroinflammation Group Centre for Motor Neuron Disease Research Department of Biomedical Sciences Faculty of Medicine and Health Sciences Macquarie University

Chronic induction of the kynurenine pathway（KP） contributes to neuroinflammation by producing the excitotoxin quinolinic acid（QUIN）. This has led to significant interest in the development of inhibitors of this pathway, particularly in the context of neurodegenerative disease. However, acute spinal cord injury（SCI） also results in deleterious increases in QUIN, as secondary inflammatory processes mediated largely by infiltrating macrophages, become predominant. QUIN mediates significant neurotoxicity primarily by excitotoxic stimulation of the N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor, but other mechanisms of QUIN toxicity are known. More recent focus has assessed the contribution that neuroinflammation and modulations in the KP make in mood and psychiatric disorders with recent studies linking inflammation and modulations in the KP, to impaired cognitive performance and depressed mood in SCI patients. We hypothesize that these findings suggest that in SCI, inhibition of QUIN production and other metabolites, may have multiple therapeutic modalities and further studies investigating this are warranted. However, for central nervous system-based conditions, achieving good blood-brain-barrier permeability continues to be a limitation of current KP inhibitors.

关键词： spinal cord injury neuroinflammation kynurenine pathway activated microglia infiltrating macrophages quinolinic acid neuropsychiatry depression

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The role of glutamine in supporting gut health and neuropsychiatric factors

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Food Science and Human Wellness 2021年第2期10卷 149-154页

作者： Brett J.Deters Mir Saleem Halmos College of Natural Sciences and Oceanography NOVA Southeastern UniversityFort LauderdaleFL 33314 USA

Recent research has shown that the amino acid glutamine can positively affect gut health by supporting the gut microbiome,gut mucosal wall integrity,and by modulating infiammatory *** modulated by the vagus nerve,via the enteric nervous system,the gut-brain connection can impact the brain’s neurochemical *** gut health can disrupt the balance of neurotransmitters,which can result in neuropsychiatric based conditions such as *** supplementation may provide significant adjunctive nutritional support in cases of depression by promoting proper gut health and function.

关键词： Glutamine Gut neuropsychiatry Enteric nervous system Neurotransmitters Microbiome

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Steroid receptor coactivator-1:The central intermediator linking multiple signals and functions in the brain and spinal cord

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Genes & Diseases 2022年第5期9卷 1281-1289页

作者： Zhaoyou Meng Xiaoya Wang Dongmei Zhang Zhen Lan Xiaoxia Cai Chen Bian Jiqiang Zhang Department of Neurobiology Army Medical UniversityChongqing 400038PR China Department of Neurosurgery Nanchong Central Hospitalthe Second Clinical Medical CollegeNorth Sichuan Medical CollegeNanchongSichuan 637000PR China Department of Dermatology Southwest HospitalArmy Medical UniversityChongqing 400038PR China School of Life Sciences Southwest UniversityChongqing 400715PR China School of Psychology Amy Medical UniversityChongqing 400038PR China

The effects of steroid hormones are believed to be mediated by their nuclear receptors(NRs).The p160 coactivator family,including steroid receptor coactivator-1(SRC-1),2 and 3,has been shown to physically interact with NRs to enhance their transactivational *** which SRC-1 has been predominantly localized in the central nervous system including brain and spinal *** is not only localized in neurons but also detectable in neuroglial cells(mainly localized in the nuclei but also detectable in the extra-nuclear components).Although the expression of SRC-1 is regulated by many steroids,it is also regulated by some non-steroidal factors such as injury,sound and ***,SRC-1 has been implied in normal function such as development and ageing,learning and memory,central regulation on reproductive behaviors,motor and food ***,SRC-1 may play a role in the regulation of neuropsychiatric disorders(including stress,depression,anxiety,and autism spectrum disorder),metabolite homeostasis and obesity as well as *** most conditions,the related mechanisms are far from elucidation;although it may regulate spatial memory through Rictor/mTORC2-actin polymerization related synaptic *** inhibitors and stimulator of SRC-1 have shown anti-cancer potentials,but whether these small molecules could be used to modulate ageing and central disorder related neuropathology remain ***,to elucidate when and how SRC-1 is turned on and off under different stimuli is very interesting and great challenge for neuroscientists.

关键词： Cognition Neuropathology neuropsychiatry Steroid Steroid receptor coactivator-1 Synaptic plasticity

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A novel mind-set in primate experimentation:Implications for primate welfare

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Animal Models and Experimental Medicine 2021年第4期4卷 343-350页

作者： Antonella Tramacere Atsushi Iriki Department of Linguistic and Cultural Evolution Max Planck Institute for the Science of Human HistoryJenaGermany Department of Philosophy and Communication Studies University of BolognaBolognaItaly Laboratory of Symbolic Cognitive Development Riken Brain Science InstituteTokyoJapan

We emphasize the importance of studying the primate brain in cognitive neuroscience and suggest a new mind-set in primate experimentation within the boundaries of animal welfare ***,we list the advantages of investigating both genes and neural mechanisms and processes in the emergence of behavioral and cognitive functions,and propose the establishment of an open field of primate *** latter may be conducted by implementing and harmonizing experimental practices with ethical guidelines that regulate(1)management of natural parks with free-moving populations of target nonhuman primates,(2)establishment of indoor-outdoor labs for both system genetics and neuroscience investigations,and(3)hotel space and technologies which remotely collect and dislocate information regarding primates geographically located elsewhere.

关键词： animal models cognitive neuroscience natural parks neuropsychiatry primate experimentation primate welfare Research Domain Criteria

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Catatonia:A deep dive into its unfathomable depths

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World Journal of Psychiatry 2024年第2期14卷 210-214页

作者： Peter Phiri Gayathri Delanerolle Oliver Hope Tharangini Murugaiyan Geoffrey Dimba Shanaya Rathod Zukiswa Zingela Research&Innovation Department Southern Health NHS Foundation TrustSouthampton SO303JBUnited Kingdom School of Psychology Faculty of Environmental and Life SciencesUniversity of SouthamptonSouthampton SO171BJHampshireUnited Kingdom Acute Inpatients Services Southern Health NHS Foundation TrustBasingstoke RG249RHUnited Kingdom Home Treatment Team South WestSurrey and Borders Partnerships NHS Foundation TrustGuildford GU27XLSurreyUnited Kingdom Faculty of Health Sciences Nelson Mandela UniversitySummerstrand 6001GqeberhaSouth Africa

This editorial addresses catatonia,a complex neuropsychiatric syndrome characterised by a spectrum of psychomotor *** editorial seeks to clarify the ambiguous aspects of catatonia,integrating recent research findings,including global studies and diagnostic *** discusses catatonia’s clinical manifestations,prevalence,and associated psychiatric and medical conditions,with particular emphasis on its frequent co-occurrence with schizophrenia and mood *** prevalence of catatonia,which varies across psychiatric populations,is illustrated by a significant study conducted in Nelson Mandela Bay,South *** study provides valuable insights into the effectiveness of the Bush-Francis Screening Instrument compared to the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual 5 criteria in diagnosing *** editorial evaluates treatment approaches,primarily focusing on benzodiazepines and electroconvulsive therapy,and discusses emerging therapeutic *** underscores the importance of robust diagnostic frameworks and early intervention in managing catatonia,as recommended by the latest evidence-based consensus ***,it suggests future research directions,particularly in exploring the neurobiological and genetic factors of catatonia,to enhance our understanding and improve treatment *** editorial succinctly aims to demystify catatonia and provide valuable insights for clinicians and researchers in mental health care.

关键词： Catatonia Schizophrenia neuropsychiatry Benzodiazepines Electroconvulsive therapy Bush-Francis screening instrument Diagnosis

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Neurological and neuropsychological consequences of electrical and lightning shock： review and theories of causation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2017年第5期12卷 677-686页

作者： Christopher J.Andrews Andrew D.Reisner Faculty of Medicine-The University of Queensland HerstonAustraliaLightning and Electrical InjuriesMt Ommaney Family PracticeMt OmmaneyBrisbaneAustralia Forensic Diagnostic Center of District Nine CambridgeOHUSA

Injuries from lightning and electrical injuries involve multiple systems of the body, however neurological symptoms are very widely reported. A disabling neuropsychological syndrome is also noted. This paper presents a comprehensive review of neurological and neuropsychological symptoms. Partial theories of causation for these injuries have been advanced, however, there is no convincing explanation for both delay in onset of symptoms and also the genesis of the neuropsychological syndrome. A theory of causation is proposed which satisfies both these constraints. This theory suggests circulating hormones such as cortisol, together with nitric oxide and oxidant free radicals from glutamatergic hyper-stimulation, act on tissues remote from the injury path including the hippocampus. This theory opens a research path to explore treatment options.

关键词： electrical injury lightning injury neurology neuropsychology neuropsychiatry injury trauma

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Clinical and Experimental Study of the Toxic Neuropsychiatric Effects of Formaldehyde Exposure: Has Garlic a Protective Role?

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Occupational Diseases and Environmental Medicine 2018年第1期6卷 1-22页

作者： Wafaa Ibrahim Soliman Nashwa Mohamad Mohamad Shalaby Hisham Mohammed Al-sayed Mona Hamed Ibrahim Department of Forensic Medicine and Clinical Toxicology Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt Department of Neuropsychiatric Faculty of Medicine Benha University Benha Egypt Department of Community Environmental and Occupational Medicine Faculty of Medicine Zagazig University Zagazig Egypt

Background: The central nervous system is one of the most important systems affected by formaldehyde (FA). Aim of Work: This study was designed to assess its toxic neuropsychiatric effects both clinically and experimentally and the protective effects of garlic. Methods: Clinically: 20 workers in the gross anatomy laboratory and 20 libertarians underwent a standardized clinical assessment including medical, neurological and psychiatric examination. Experimental: 40 male rats were divided randomly into four groups. Group I is control group. Group II received 10 mg/kg of FA intraperitoneally once daily for 14 days. Group III was treated with fresh garlic juice (1 ml/100g body weight) once daily by oral gavage for 14 days. Groups VI received fresh garlic juice plus formaldehyde daily for 14 days. At the end of the experiment, the rats’ brains were obtained for histological examination and biochemical analysis. Results: Clinical and psychiatric profile of FA exposed persons’ revealed cognitive impaired, anxious and depressed persons. There were hostile persons with more hostility toward outside. Experimentally, hippocampal and frontal superoxide dismutase and reduced glutathione showed highly significant decrease while malondialdehyde and nitric oxide level showed highly significant increase in formaldehyde treated group when compared with control group. Also histopathological changes in the hippocampal and frontal cortices by light microscope revealed many distorted cells with deeply stained shrunked nuclei and cytoplasm was surrounded by vacuolated pale areas in FA exposed group. Minimization of biochemical and histopathological changes were observed in combined formaldehyde and garlic treated group. Conclusion: The profiles of personality arouse dangerous affairs about the toxic impact of FA on persons, family, and society. Formaldehyde-induced neuronal damage, oxidative stress and lipid peroxidation in brain were minimized by addition of garlic.

关键词： Formaldehyde Neurotoxicity neuropsychiatry Garlic Oxidative Stress Cognitive Impairment

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Book Review: I-Cubed and <i>The Autoimmune Brain</i>, A Five-Step Plan

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World Journal of Neuroscience 2020年第1期10卷 29-36页

作者： David S. Younger Department of Clinical Medicine CUNY School of Medicine at City College New York USA The Graduate School of Public Health and Health Policy City University of New York New York USA

The Autoimmune Brain1 explains I-Cubed, a shorthand for post-infectious autoimmunity that results from the multiplier effect of infection, immunity and inflammation, when protective immunity becomes the source of autoimmunity, conditioned by applicable environmental and genetic predisposing factors. In keeping with the post-infectious autoimmune nature of I-Cubed, neurologic and psychiatric symptoms evolve beyond a standard of care course of antibiotic therapy. Extensive serologic, electrophysiological and neuroradiographic diagnostic testing provides clues to areas of central, peripheral and autonomic nervous system, and systemic involvement that guide therapy. A multimodality therapeutic approach employing immune modulatory (Ig) therapy that addresses the underlying mechanisms and not just the symptoms of Cubed disorders is most effective. Representative cases of post-infectious autoimmunity associated with Lyme disease and PANDAS are presented.

关键词： neuropsychiatry Lyme Disease PANDAS I-Cubed Post-Infectious Autoimmunity

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