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myokines:metabolic regulation in obesity and type 2 diabetes

Life Metabolism 2024年第3期3卷 21-45页

作者： Zhi-Tian Chen Zhi-Xuan Weng Jiandie D.Lin Zhuo-Xian Meng Department of Pathology and Pathophysiology and Department of Cardiology of the Second Affiliated Hospital School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China Key Laboratory of Disease Proteomics of Zhejiang Province School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHangzhouZhejiang 310058China Zhejiang University-University of Edinburgh Institute(ZJE) School of MedicineZhejiang UniversityHainingZhejiang 314400China Life Sciences Institute and Department of Cell and Developmental Biology University of MichiganAnn ArborMI 48109United States Department of Geriatrics Affiliated Hangzhou First People’s HospitalHangzhouZhejiang 310006China

Skeletal muscle plays a vital role in the regulation of systemic metabolism,partly through its secretion of endocrine factors which are collectively known as *** myokine levels are associated with metabolic diseases,such as type 2 diabetes(T2D).The significance of interorgan crosstalk,particularly through myokines,has emerged as a fundamental aspect of nutrient and energy ***,a comprehensive understanding of myokine biology in the setting of obesity and T2D remains a major chal*** this review,we discuss the regulation and biological functions of key myokines that have been extensively studied during the past two decades,namely interleukin 6(IL-6),irisin,myostatin(MSTN),growth differentiation factor 11(GDF11),fibroblast growth factor 21(FGF21),apelin,brain-derived neurotrophic factor(BDNF),meteorin-like(Metrnl),secreted protein acidic and rich in cysteine(SPARC),β-aminoisobutyric acid(BAIBA),Musclin,and Dickkopf 3(Dkk3).Related to these,we detail the role of exercise in myokine expression and secretion together with their contributions to metabolic physiology and *** significant advancements in myokine research,many myokines remain challenging to measure accurately and investigate ***,new research techniques and detection methods should be developed and rigorously ***,developing a comprehensive perspective on myokine biology is crucial,as this will likely offer new insights into the pathophysiological mechanisms underlying obesity and T2D and may reveal novel targets for therapeutic interventions.

关键词： myokines skeletal muscle obesity type 2 diabetes metabolism

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Interaction between inflammatory bowel disease,physical activity,and myokines:Assessment of serum irisin levels

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2024年第22期30卷 2923-2926页

作者： Marwan SM Al-Nimer Department of Therapeutics and Clinical Pharmacology College of MedicineUniversity of DiyalaBaqubah 32001Iraq

Inflammatory bowel disease(IBD),including Crohn’s disease and ulcerative colitis,showed a wide spectrum of intestinal and extra-intestinal manifestations,which rendered the patients physically inactive and impaired their quality of *** has been found that physical activity is a non-pharmacological intervention that improves the quality of life for those *** is one member of the myokines secreted by muscle contraction during exercise and could be used as an antiinflammatory biomarker in assessing the physical activity of IBD *** addition,experimental studies showed that exogenous irisin significantly decreased the inflammatory markers and the histological changes of the intestinal mucosa observed in experimental ***,irisin produces changes in the diversity of the ***,endogenous or exogenous irisin,via its anti-inflammatory effects,will improve the health of IBD patients and will limit the barriers to physical activity in patients with IBD.

关键词： Irisin Inflammatory bowel disease Physical activity myokines Prognostic marker

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Effects of Common myokines on Diabetes Mellitus

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Journal of Diabetes Mellitus 2022年第3期12卷 153-166页

作者： Yu Zhu Qingqing Liu Yurong Zhu Tiantian Guo Mengtong Jin Jiali Hao Chao Qi Xiaofeng Miao Duan Xi Jiamao Fan Jin Li Linfen Central Hospital Linfen China Beijing Sport University Beijing China

Diabetes mellitus, a type of chronic metabolic disease, is occurring more frequently and causes severe threats to human health. In vivo, exercise can stimulate skeletal muscle cells to secrete and release myokines into blood circulation, which will participate in metabolism and act on multiple organs or systems. Recently, the relationship between myokines and diabetes mellitus was a hot research topic, and myokines may be potential targets for the diagnosis, monitoring, prevention and treatment of diabetes mellitus. In this review, we elucidated the multiple effects of common myokines in the pathogenesis and therapy of diabetes mellitus, which will provide a theoretical foundation of the mechanism in the positive effects of exercises on humans.

关键词： Diabetes myokines Islet Cells Insulin Resistance

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myokines:运动抵抗癌细胞的新线索

Myokines:运动抵抗癌细胞的新线索

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2017年中国生理学会运动生理学专业委员会会议暨“学生体质健康与运动生理学”学术研讨会

作者：孙君志蒋强成都体育学院运动医学与健康研究所成都体育学院研究生院

目的:癌症已成为全球最棘手的健康问题之一。流行病学数据资料显示,定期运动可防止某些癌症的发展,降低疾病复发的风险,但运动影响癌症的机制尚不明确。本文就有关运动干预与癌症治疗、疾病复发的研究进展和作用机制作概括。方法:在Pub... 详细信息

目的:癌症已成为全球最棘手的健康问题之一。流行病学数据资料显示,定期运动可防止某些癌症的发展,降低疾病复发的风险,但运动影响癌症的机制尚不明确。本文就有关运动干预与癌症治疗、疾病复发的研究进展和作用机制作概括。方法:在PubMed检索"tumor and exercise""mechanism""myokines"等关键词,查阅相关文献进行分析研究。结果:(1)运动减少小鼠模型的肿瘤发生率和生长,定期运动降低癌症和疾病复发的风险。研究发现,小鼠B16F10黑素瘤、二乙基亚硝胺(DEN)肝肿瘤、Lewis肺癌模型(LLC)、Tg(Grml)EPv转基因雄性小鼠黑色素瘤等几种不同的肿瘤模型在转轮运动中显示肿瘤发生率和生长减少了60%以上(Line Pedersen et al,2016)。(2)适度的体力活动会减少尚未扩散的前列腺癌男性患者死亡率。研究者调查了1997-2002年诊断为局部前列腺癌的4,623例男性患者并追访至2012年,发现患者每天做步行或骑自行车20分钟或更长时间,因任何原因引起的死亡降低30%,死于前列腺癌可能性降低39%(Stephanie *** et al,2015)。(3)运动增加NK细胞浸润,从而控制肿瘤生长。研究发现,在非荷瘤小鼠中,6周的转轮运动增加了骨髓NI细胞的频率,运动中NK细胞的基底池总体增加;而荷瘤小鼠转轮运动的肿瘤细胞检测显示NK细胞的浸润显著增加,其它器官中NK细胞的频率没有变化。NK细胞浸润水平与肿瘤负荷相反(Line Pedersen et al,2016)。(4)运动诱导骨骼肌纤维释放更多肌肉因子(myokines),myokines具有抗肿瘤作用,诱导肿瘤细胞凋亡。最新的研究(Pedersen L,2016)发现,研究者发现6周的运动训练可降低小鼠罹患肿瘤(黑色素瘸、肝癌、肺癌)的发生率和生长比率。运动诱导骨骼肌细胞释放的Myokine(IL-6)和肾上腺分泌的肾上腺素水平上升,激活自然杀伤细胞,其顺着血流发现肿瘤,从而作用于肿瘤细胞抑制其增长。结论:适量的运动干预能够降低癌症的发病率和死亡率。其作用机制除运动增加NK细胞浸润抑制肿瘤生长外,运动诱导骨骼肌纤维释放的myokines具有一定的抑制肿瘤生长的作用,这种不同器官的交互作用为揭示运动抵抗癌症的机理提供了新的线索。

关键词：癌症运动骨骼肌 myokines

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Suppressive effects of exercise-conditioned serum on cancer cells:A narrative review of the influence of exercise mode,volume,and intensity

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2024年第4期13卷 484-498,F0003页

作者： Francesco Bettariga Dennis R.Taaffe Daniel A.Galvao Chris Bishop Jin-Soo Kim Robert U.Newton Exercise Medicine Research Institute Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia School of Medical and Health Sciences Edith Cowan UniversityJoondalupWA 6027Australia London Sport Institute School of Science and TechnologyMiddlesex UniversityLondonNW44BTUK School of Human Movement and Nutrition Sciences University of QueenslandSt.LuciaQLD 4072Australia

Cancer is a major cause of morbidity and mortality worldwide,and the incidence is increasing,highlighting the need for effective strategies to treat this *** has emerged as fundamental therapeutic medicine in the management of cancer,associated with a lower risk of recur-rence and increased *** avenues of research demonstrate reduction in growth,proliferation,and increased apoptosis of cancer cells,including breast,prostate,colorectal,and lung cancer,when cultured by serum collected after exercise in vitro(i.e.,the cultivation of cancer cell lines in an experimental setting,which simpliﬁes the biological system and provides mechanistic insight into cell responses).The underlying mechanisms of exercise-induced cancer suppressive effects may be attributed to the alteration in circulating factors,such as skeletal muscle-induced cytokines(i.e.,myokines)and ***,exercise-induced tumor suppressive effects and detailed information about training interventions are not well investigated,constraining more precise application of exercise medicine within clinical *** date,it remains unclear what role different training modes(i.e.,resistance and aerobic training)as well as volume and intensity have on exercise-condi-tioned serum and its effects on cancer ***,the available evidence is that a single bout of aerobic training at moderate to vigorous intensity has cancer suppressive effects,while for chronic training interventions,exercise volume appears to be an inﬂuential candidate driving cancer inhibitory effects regardless of training *** for future research investigating training modes,volume and intensity are provided to further our understanding of the effects of exercise-conditioned serum on cancer cells.

关键词： Cancer cells High intensity interval training Moderate intensity continuous training Resistance training myokines

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Exercise training-induced changes in exerkine concentrations may be relevant to the metabolic control of type 2 diabetes mellitus patients:A systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials

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Journal of Sport and Health Science 2023年第2期12卷 147-157页

作者： Antonio García-Hermoso Robinson Ramírez-Vélez Javier Díez Arantxa González Mikel Izquierdo Navarrabiomed Public University of Navarra(UPNA)Health Research Institute of Navarra(IdiSNA)University Hospital of NavarraPamplona 310008Spain CIBER of Frailty and Healthy Aging(CIBERFES) Carlos Ⅲ Institute of HealthMadrid 28029Spain Institute for Health Research of Navarra(IDISNA) Pamplona 31008Spain Program of Cardiovascular Diseases Center for Applied Medical ResearchUniversity of NavarraPamplona 31008Spain Centre for Biomedical Research in Cardiovascular Disease Network Carlos Ⅲ Institute of HealthMadrid 28029Spain Departments of Nephrology and Cardiology University of Navarra ClinicPamplona 31008Spain

Background:This study investigates the effects of exercise training on exerkines in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus to determine the optimal exercise ***:A systematic search for relevant studies was performed in 3 *** controlled trials investigating the effects of exercise training on at least one of the following exerkines were included:adiponectin,apelin,brain-derived neurotrophic factor,fetuin-A,fibroblast growth factor-21,follistatin,ghrelin,interleukin(IL)-6,IL-8,IL-10,IL-15,IL-18,leptin,myostatin,omentin,resistin,retinol-binding protein 4,tumor necrosis factor-α,and ***:Forty randomized controlled trials were selected for data extraction(n=2160).Exercise training induces changes in adiponectin,fetuin-A,fibroblast growth factor-21,IL-6,IL-10,leptin,resistin,and tumor necrosis factor-a levels but has no significant effects on apelin,IL-18,and ghrelin compared to *** exercise training favored large and positive changes in pooled exerkines(i.e.,an overall effect size calculated from several exerkine s)(Hedge’s g=1.02,95%confidence interval(95%CI):0.76-1.28),which in turn were related to changes in glycated hemoglobin(mean difference(MD)=-0.81%,95%CI:-0.95%to-0.67%),fasting glucose(MD=-23.43 mg/dL,95%CI:-30.07 mg/dL to-16.80 mg/dL),waist circumference(MD=-3.04 cm,95%CI:-4.02 cm to-2.07 cm),and body mass(MD=-1.93 kg,95%CI:-2.00 kg to-1.86 kg).Slightly stronger effects were observed with aerobic,resistance,or high-intensity interval protocols at moderate-to vigorous-intensity and with programs longer than 24 weeks that comprise at least 3 sessions per week and more than 60 min per ***:Exercise training represents an anti-inflammatory therapy and metabolism-improving strategy with minimal side effects for patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus.

关键词： Adipokines Exercise training Hepatokines myokines

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Magnetic mitohormesis:A non-invasive therapy for inflammatory disorders?

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BIOCELL 2023年第2期47卷 239-244页

作者： ALFREDO FRANCO-OBREGÓN Department of Surgery Yong Loo Lin School of MedicineInstitute of Health Technology and InnovationiHealthtechBiolonic Currents Electromagnetic Pulsing Systems LaboratoryBICEPSHealthy Longevity Translational Research ProgrammeNUS Centre for Cancer ResearchNational University of SingaporeSingapore

An organism’s survival depends on its ability to adapt to *** are the cellular integrators of environmental stressors that ultimately translate their responses at the organismal level,and are thus central to the process whereby organisms adapt to their respective *** produce molecular energy via oxidative phosphorylation that then allows cells to biosynthetically respond and adapt to changes in their *** oxygen species(ROS)are by-products of oxidative phosphorylation that can be either beneficial or damaging,depending on the context;ROS are hence both the conveyors of environmental stress as well as cellular“adaptogens”.Mitohormesis refers to the process whereby low levels of oxidative stress spur survival adaptations,whereas excessive levels stymie *** energy and frequency pulsing electromagnetic fields have been recently shown capable of stimulating mitochondrial respiration and ROS production and instilling mitohormetic survival adaptations,similarly to,yet independently of,exercise,opening avenues for the future development of Magnetic Mitohormetic interventions for the improvement of human *** viewpoint explores the possibilities and nuances of magnetic-based therapies as a form of clinical intervention to non-invasively activate magnetic mitohormesis for the management of chronic diseases.

关键词： ROS Pulsed electromagnetic fields Mitochondria myokines Inflammation

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Relationship between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity: A meta-analysis

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World Journal of Clinical Cases 2019年第12期7卷 1444-1455页

作者： Jue Jia Fan Yu Wei-Ping Wei Ping Yang Ren Zhang Yue Sheng Yong-Qin Shi Affiliated Hospital of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212001 Jiangsu Province China Department of Library of Jiangsu University Zhenjiang 212001 Jiangsu Province China

BACKGROUND Currently, the findings about irisin as a novel myokine related to obesity are inconsistent in overweight/obese people. To our knowledge, no systematic analysis has been conducted to evaluate the relationship between irisin levels and overweight/obesity. AIM To evaluate the association between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity. METHODS The Cochrane Library, MEDLINE, SCOPUS, and the ISI Web of Science were searched to retrieve all of the studies associated with circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity. Standard mean difference values and 95% confidence intervals (CI) were estimated and pooled using meta-analysis methodology. RESULTS A total of 18 studies were included in our meta-analysis containing 1005 cases and 1242 controls. Our analysis showed that the circulating irisin level in overweight/obese people was higher than that in overall healthy controls (random effects MD = 0.63;95%CI: 0.22-1.05;P = 0.003). In the subgroup analysis by ethnicity, the irisin level was higher in overweight/obesity people than that in controls in Africa (random effects MD = 3.41;95%CI: 1.23-5.59;P < 0.05) but not in European, Asian, or American populations. In addition, in a subgroup analysis by age, the results showed that obese children exhibited a higher irisin level than controls (random effects MD = 0.86;95%CI: 0.28-1.43;P < 0.05). CONCLUSION This meta-analysis provides evidence that circulating irisin is higher in obese individuals compared to healthy controls and it is important to identify the relationship between circulating irisin levels and overweight/obesity in predicting overweight/obesity.

关键词： Irisin Overweight/obesity myokines Body mass index

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Skeletal muscle as an endocrine organ:Role of[Na+]i/[K+]i-mediated excitation-transcription coupling

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Genes & Diseases 2015年第4期2卷 328-336页

作者： Leonid V.Kapilevich Tatyana A.Kironenko Anna N.Zaharova Yuri V.Kotelevtsev Nickolai O.Dulin Sergei N.Orlov National Research Tomsk State University TomskRussia Skolkovo Institute of Science and Technology Moscow RegionRussia University of Chicago ILUSA Siberian Medical University TomskRussia M.V.Lomonosov Moscow State University MoscowRussia

During the last two decadesnumerous research teams demonstratedthat skeletalmuscles function as an exercise-dependent endocrine organ secreting dozens of *** of physiological and pathophysiological implications of skeletalmusclemyokines secretion has been described;however,upstream signals and sensing mechanisms underlying this phenomenon remain poorly *** is well documented that in skeletal muscles intensive exercise triggers dissipation of transmembrane gradient of monovalent cations caused by permanent activation of voltage-gated Nat and Kt ***,we demonstrated that sustained elevation of the[Nat]i/[Kt]i ratio triggers expression of dozens ubiquitous genes including several canonical myokines,such as interleukin-6 and cyclooxygenase 2,in the presence of intra-and extracellular Ca2t *** data allowed us to suggest a novel[Nat]i/[Kt]i-sensitive,Ca2t i-independent mechanism of excitation-transcription coupling which triggers myokine *** pathway exists in parallel with canonical signaling mediated by Ca2t i,AMP-activated protein kinase and hypoxia-inducible factor 1a(HIF-1a).In ourmini-reviewwe briefly summarize data supporting this hypothesis as well as unresolved issues aiming to forthcoming studies.

关键词： myokines Secretion Skeletal muscle Transcription Translation

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Inflammation,physical activity,and chronic disease:An evolutionary perspective

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Sports Medicine and Health Science 2020年第1期2卷 1-6页

作者： Roberto Carlos Burini Elizabeth Anderson J.Larry Durstine James A.Carson Botucatu Medical School Sao Paulo State University-UNESPBotucatuSPBrazil Arnold School of Public Health Department of Exercise ScienceUniversity of South CarolinaColumbiaSCUSA College of Health Professions Division of Rehabilitation ScienceUniversity of Tennessee Health Science CenterMemphisTNUSA

Low-grade inflammation is emerging as a common feature of contemporary metabolic,psychiatric,and neurodegenerative *** physical inactivity and abdominal adiposity are associated with persistent systemic low-grade ***,the behavioral,biological,and physiological changes that cause a predisposition to obesity and other co-morbidities could have epigenetic underpinnings in addition to various evolutionary scenarios.A key assumption involves the potential for a mismatch between the human genome molded over generations,and the issue of adapting to the modern high calorie diet and common built environments promoting *** biological mismatch appears to have dire health ***,the goal of this article is to provide a brief overview on the importance of inflammation as part of human survival and how physical activity(PA)and physical inactivity are critical regulators of systemic *** review will highlight antiinflammatory effects of PA and exercise training from a metabolic and systemic signaling perspective,which includes skeletal muscle to utilization of fatty acids,TLR4 signaling,and myokine/adipokine *** available evidence suggests that PA,regular exercise,and weight loss offer both protection against and treatment for a wide variety of chronic diseases associated with low-grade inflammation through an improved inflammatory profile.

关键词： Inflammation Immunity myokines Cytokines Physical inactivity Physical activity Exercise Obesity

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