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Peace 2018年第2期 16-23页

作者： Yu Hongjun CPAPD Taihe Institute

Introduction Since Trump’s inauguration for the White House,isolationism and conservatism in the *** policy are sharply *** dangerous tendency,which is contrary to the process of human globalization and global multipolarization,and fills the world with uncertainties,has shown prominence in the *** to multilateral diplomacy,especially the multilateral mechanism represented by the United Nations.

关键词： In Active Builder and Full Participant of the UN Cause multilateral Diplomacy with Chinese Characteristics a Firm Supporter UN

Automated Negotiation in E Commerce: Protocol Relevance and Improvement Techniques

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Computers, Materials & Continua 2019年第9期61卷 1009-1024页

作者： S.R.Vij D.Mukhopadhyay A.J.Agrawal Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management Nagpur and MIT World Peace UniversityPune411038India New Horizon Institute of Technology and Management Thane400615India Shri Ramdeobaba College of Engineering and Management Nagpur440013India

We all negotiate,formally or informally,in jobs,in day today lives and outcomes of negotiations affect those processes of *** negotiation is an intrinsic nature of human psyche,it is very complex phenomenon to implement using computing and internet for the various purposes in E *** of negotiation process poses unique challenges for computer scientists and researchers,so here we study how negotiation can be modeled and analyzed mathematically,what can be different techniques and strategies or set of rules/protocols to be implemented and how they can be relevantly *** are in a quest to find out how this complex process,which involves human psyche can be automated using computers and modern day ***,the quest is not only automation,looking at the research in the related field in last ten years;but it is all about finding solutions to make e-negotiation more efficient and more accurate,as well as useful in any kind of electronic trading *** is an attempt to consolidate our work of last few years on automation of negotiation process;we call it as negotiation protocol on research,study as well as implementation level of negotiation ***,we are trying to give few solutions to make the automation more efficient.

关键词： Negotiation automation decision support systems bilateral multilateral alternating offers protocol multi strategy

Institutions for a World of Climate Injustice

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Fudan Journal of the Humanities and Social Sciences 2019年第2期12卷 293-307页

作者： Robert O.Keohane Princeton University 408 Robertson HallPrincetonNJUSA

We live in a world of climate *** in wealthy countries emit large amounts of greenhouse gasses,whose effects will be particularly adverse to people in poor countries who have not received the benefits of past *** these injustices are deeply embedded in power asymmetries,they could be ameliorated if wealthy societies were to take broad views of their own *** do so would require,in some instances,changes in the default rules,embedded in sovereignty,that have inhibited positive *** ensure that such positive changes ensue will require new and well-designed institutions,two of which are *** Institute for Climate Finance would facilitate offset arrangements by which rich countries pay for emissions reductions in poorer *** Institute for Climate Innovation would facilitate the transfer of innovative low-or z|ero-emission energy technology to developing countries.

关键词： Climate Justice multilateral institutions International politics Climate finance International institutions Climate policy Global justice

Image Mathematics—Mathematical Intervening Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Mathematics (I)

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Applied Mathematics 2012年第6期3卷 617-636页

作者： Yingshan Zhang Weilan Shao School of Finance and Statistics East China Normal University Shanghai China The College English Teaching and Researching Department Xinxiang University Xinxiang China

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the mathematical intervening principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” (虚则补其母, 实则泄其子) and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” (抑强扶弱) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in image mathematics of Traditional Chinese Mathematics (TCMath). We defined generalized relations and generalized reasoning, introduced the concept of steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the intervention principle in image mathematics of TCMath and treated the research object of the image mathematics as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the mathematical intervening principle is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

关键词： Image Mathematics “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory Steady multilateral Systems Opposite Non-Compatibility Relations Intervention Rule Self-Protection Rule Mathematical Side Effects Mathe-matical Intervention Resistance Problem

An Analysis of the EU's Conflicted Attitude toward Globalization

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Contemporary International Relations 2018年第6期28卷 81-101页

作者： Liu Mingli the Institute of European Studies CICIR

As a whole, the European Union has yet to come to a clear consensus on globalization, manifesting a kind of self-contradicting mentality and conflicted policy orientations, evidenced by its desire to reap the benefits brought about by globalization while at the same time trying to evade challenges. For example, the EU actively resists US protectionism, while clinging to protectionist measures in its own policies;and it supports the mechanisms for international multilateral cooperation,but at the time it willfully acts to change the rules. The emergence of the EU's conflicted attitudetoward globalization may be attributed to the fact that it has too many member states with a wide disparity in their economic performances in globalization, which has made it difficult for them to reach a consensus. It can also be related to the complexity of the EU's internal trade policy and decision-making mechanisms. This mentality will affect its role in the global economy, as it is likely that the EU will play the roles of reformer of the mechanism for multilateral cooperation, middleman in international trade disputes, and straggler in economic reforms.

关键词： the EU globalization protectionism multilateral cooperation

Acupuncture Treating Dystrophy Based on pH <br/>—Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (III)

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Chinese Medicine 2019年第2期10卷 39-105页

作者： Yingshan Zhang Bibo Zhang School of Statistics Faculty of Economics and Management East China Normal University Shanghai China Henan Province Zhang Bibo Institute of Traditional Chinese Medicine Acupuncture and Moxibustion Henan China

Theory of both Zangxiang (藏象) and Jingluo (经络) is useful in understanding disease. By using mathematical reasoning based on Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM), this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Searching for a root cause of disease in cure, treatment of both the root-cause and symptoms at the same time” (治病求本, 标本兼治). It means that for a human body, there is the mathematical structure of both Zangxiang and Jingluo as her/his second physiological system. It can be used to determine both the root-cause and symptoms of the sick organ by using both Zangxiang and Jingluo. In general, for the human blood pH value, the normal range of theory is [7.34539, 7.45461] nearly to [7.35, 7.45], and the center is 7.4. The first or second transfer law of a human body’s energies changes according to the different blood pH values whether in the normal range or not. Human disease treatment should protect and maintain the balance of two incompatibility relations: the loving relationship and the killing relationship. As an application, acupuncture is used to treat limb-girdle muscular dystrophy.

关键词： Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) Yin Yang Wu Xing Theory Steady multilateral Systems Incompatibility Relations Side Effects Medical and Drug Resistance Problem

Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (II)

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Chinese Medicine 2011年第1期2卷 158-170页

作者： Yingshan Zhang 不详

By using mathematical reasoning, this paper demonstrates the treatment principle: “Do not treat a disease after it has occurred. But treat the disease before it will occur” (不治已病治未病) based on “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM). We defined generalized relations and reasoning, introduced the concept of generalized steady multilateral systems, and discussed its energy properties. Later based on the treatment of TCM and treated the healthy body as a steady multilateral system, it has been proved that the treatment principle above is true. The kernel of this paper is the existence and reasoning of the non-compatibility relations in steady multilateral systems, and it accords with the oriental thinking model.

关键词： Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM) “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory Steady multilateral Systems Opposite Relations Side-Effects Medical and Drug Resistance Problem

Mathematical Reasoning of Treatment Principle Based on the Stable Logic Analysis Model of Complex Systems

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Intelligent Control and Automation 2012年第1期3卷 1-15页

作者： Yingshan Zhang School of Finance and Statistics East China Normal University Shanghai China

The article reviews the stable logic analysis model of complex systems or steady multilateral systems with two non-compatibility relations. Energy concept in Physics is introduced to the multilateral systems and used to deal with the multilateral system diseases. By using mathematical reasoning, it is demonstrated that the treatment principle: “Virtual disease is to fill his mother but real disease is to rush down his son” and “Strong inhibition of the same time, support the weak” which due to the “Yin Yang Wu Xing” Theory in Traditional Chinese Medicine (TCM).

关键词： Steady multilateral Systems Opposite Relations Capability of Intervention Reaction Capability of Self-Protection Side Effects Medical and Drug Resistance Problem

Korean potential approach to the multi-lateralization of the nuclear fuel cycle

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Natural Science 2012年第11期4卷 924-928页

作者： Joo Hyun Moon Dongguk University Gyeongju South Korea

To prevent the worldwide dissemination of nuclear sensitive technologies and strengthen the safeguards of the nuclear facilities at the same time, the international society has begun to discuss the “multilateral nuclear fuel cycle approach (MNA)”. This kind of discussion will be more vigorous due to the recent nuclear activeties in Iran and North Korean and the Fukushima nuclear power plants accidents. If the MNA would be implemented someday, not even in the immediate future, Korea could be subject to a serious situation since it imports 100% of raw material for nuclear fuel. Hence, this paper reviews the 12 previous MNA proposals and discusses a potential Korean approach to MNA that Korea is able to take.

关键词： Nuclear Sensitive Technologies Safeguards Nuclear Facilities multilateral Nuclear Fuel Cycle Approach

The Role of HIPC in the Development of Ghana’s Economy

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The Role of HIPC in the Development of Ghana’s Economy

作者：乔治（George Ntim Boamah）沈阳师范大学

学位级别：硕士

The World Bank and the International Monetary Fund （IMF） launched the Debt Initiative forHeavily Indebted Poor Countries （HIPC） Initiative in1996and was further expanded in late1998（Enhanced HIPC Initiative）, which generated a framework for all creditors, includingmultilateral creditors, to provide debt relief to the world’s poorest and most heavily indebtedcountries, and thereby reduce the constraint on economic growth and poverty reduction imposedby the debt build-up in these countries. Ghana took the decision to access the Highly Indebted Poor Country （HIPC） Initiative *** February2002, Ghana reached decision point and in July2004, reachedcompletion point. The total relief from the HIPC Initiative is USD3.7billion, spread over a20year period. This amount represents the relief from Ghana’s multilateral, bilateral andcommercial creditors. The argument was that HIPC spending will help to improve education andhealth services delivery, speed up rural electrification, enhance rural agriculture, feeder roadsconstruction and rehabilitation, rural water and sanitation, among others. This study was designed to establish whether the HIPC funds that were release for povertyreduction indeed have an impact in the economy and at what rate it did. The researchexperimental focused on identifying whether the HIPC releases and after the release have animpact in the development of the Ghana’s economy. The study showed that after the country joined the HIPC initiative, the initiative played animportant role in the development of the economy by reducing poverty rate quiet significantlyand also growth rate. These findings were interpreted and discussed in the context of literatureand a number of implications and recommendations were drawn.

关键词： HIPC Enhanced rehabilitation multilateral Integrated 重债穷国加纳经济发展