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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第2期40卷 262-272,I0001-I0008页

作者： Yanying CHEN Ning JIANG Yang AI Kang XU Longjiang MAO School of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather(LASW) Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanography South China Sea Institute of OceanologyChinese Academy of SciencesGuangzhou 510301China

The South China Sea Summer monsoon(SCSSM)onset is characterized by an apparent seasonal conversion of circulation and ***,various indices have been introduced to identify the SCSSM onset ***,the onset dates as determined by various indices can be very *** not only limits the determination of onset dates but also misleads the assessment of prediction *** 2021,the onset time as identified by the circulation criteria was 20 May,which is 12 days earlier than that deduced by also considering the convection *** present study mainly ascribes such circulation-convection inconsistency to the activities of tropical cyclones(TCs)modulated by the Madden-Julian Oscillation(MJO).The convection of TC“Yaas”(2021)acted as an upper-level diabatic heat source to the north of the SCS,facilitating the circulation ***,TC“Choi-wan”(2021)over the western Pacific aided the westerlies to persist at lower levels while simultaneously suppressing moist convection over the *** predictions using the ECMWF S2S forecast system were obtained only after the MJO *** skillful prediction of the MJO during late spring may provide an opportunity to accurately predict the establishment of the SCSSM several weeks in advance.

关键词： tropical cyclone South China Sea summer monsoon monsoon onset MJO

A STUDY ON THE PRECIPITATION CHARACTERISTICS OVER THE SOUTH CHINA SEA BEFORE AND AFTER THE monsoon onset

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2012年第1期18卷 1-10页

作者：李耀东宋明坤胡亮 Institute of Aviation Meteorology Institute of Meteorology PLA University of Science and Technology National Satellite Meteorology Center CMA

This paper presents a study on the temporal and spatial variations of the precipitation over the area of the South China Sea (SCS) during the monsoon onset period. The data used are from the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission (TRMM) observations between April and June over the nine years from 1998 to 2006. This study focuses on the central and northern part of South China Sea (110-120°E, 10-20°N). Based on the observations, the 27th pentad is selected as the occurrence time of the SCS monsoon onset. The conclusions are as follows. (1) After the monsoon onset, the specific area, defined as the ratio of the number of pixels with certain type of precipitation to the number of total pixels, extends significantly for both convective and stratiform rain, with the latter having a larger magnitude. The specific rainfall, defined as the ratio of the amount of certain type of precipitation to the total amount of precipitation, decreases for convective rain and increases for stratiform rain. (2) Results also show significant increase in heavy rain and decrease in light rain after the monsoon onset. (3) Changes are also observed in the rainfall horizontal distributions over the SCS before and after the monsoon onset, manifested by the relocation of precipitation minima for both convective and stratiform rain. (4) After the monsoon onset, the variability in characteristics of precipitation vertical structure increases significantly, leading to more latent heat release and consequently deeper convection. Meanwhile, the bright-band altitude of stratiform precipitation is also elevated.

关键词： TRMM South China Sea monsoon onset precipitation

Seasonal Forecast of South China Sea Summer monsoon onset Disturbed by Cold Tongue La Niña in the Past Decade

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2021年第1期38卷 147-155页

作者： Ning JIANG Congwen ZHU State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather and Institute of Climate System Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China

It has been suggested that a warm(cold)ENSO event in winter is mostly followed by a late(early)onset of the South China Sea(SCS)summer monsoon(SCSSM)in *** results show this positive relationship,which is mainly determined by their phase correlation,has been broken under recent rapid global warming since 2011,due to the disturbance of cold tongue(CT)La Niña *** from its canonical counterpart,a CT La Niña event is characterized by surface meridional wind divergences in the central-eastern equatorial Pacific,which can delay the SCSSM onset by enhanced convections in the warming Indian Ocean and the western subtropical *** to the increased Indian−western Pacific warming and the prevalent CT La Niña events,empirical seasonal forecasting of SCSSM onset based on ENSO may be challenged in the future.

关键词： monsoon onset SCSSM ENSO cold tongue La Niña seasonal forecast

Marine Atmospheric Boundary Layers Associated with Summer monsoon onset over the South China Sea in 1998

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2010年第5期3卷 263-270页

作者： WANG Dong-Xiao ZHOU Wen YU Xiao-Li XIE Qiang WANG Xin Key Laboratory of Tropical Marine Environmental Dynamics＇ South China Sea Institute of Oceanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China Guy Carpenter Asia-Pacific Climate Impact Centre School of Energy and Environment City University ofHong Kong Hong Kong China Weifang Marine andEnvironment Monitor Center Weifang 261401 China

The variations of the marine atmospheric boundary layer (MABL) associated with the South China Sea Summer monsoon were examined using the Global Positioning System (GPS) sounding datasets obtained four times daily during May-June 1998 on board Research Vessels Kexue 1 and Shiyan 3. The MABL height is defined as the height at the lowest level where virtual potential temperature increases by 1 K from the surface. The results indicate that the MABL height decreased over the northern South China Sea (SCS) and remained the same over the southern SCS, as sea surface temperature (SST) fell for the northern and rose for the southern SCS after the monsoon onset. Over the northern SCS, a decrease in both the SST and the surface latent-heat flux after the onset resulted in a reduction of the MABL height as well as a decoupling of MABL from clouds. It was found that MABL height reduction corresponded to rainfall occurrence. Over the southern SCS, a probable reason for the constant increase of SST and surface heat flux was the rainfall and internal atmospheric dynamics.

关键词： monsoon onset marine atmospheric boundary layer height atmosphere internal dynamics SST

An Analysis of the Characteristics of monsoon onset over the Bay of Bengal and the South China Sea in 2010

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2012年第4期5卷 334-341页

作者： DING Xuan-Ru WANG Dong-Xiao LI Wei-Biao GUAN Zhao-Yong State Key Laboratory of Tropical Oceanorgraphy (LTO) South China Sea Institute of Oeeanology Chinese Academy of Sciences Guangzhou 510301 China School of Atmospheric Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science & Technology Nanjing 210044 China Department of Atmospheric Sciences Sun Yat-Sen University Guangzhou 510275 China

Based on NCEP/NCAR daily reanalysis and the Tropical Rainfall Measuring Mission data, the back- ground atmospheric circulation and the characteristics of meteorological elements during the period of the Bay of Bengal monsoon （BOBM） and the South China Sea （SCS） monsoon （SCSM） in 2010 are studied. The impacts of the BOBM onset on the SCSM onset and the relationship between the two monsoons are also analyzed. The two main results are as follows：（l） The BOBM onset obvi- ously occurs earlier than the SCSM onset in 2010, which is a typical onset process of the Asian monsoon. During the BOBM＇s onset, northward jump, and eastward expansion, convective precipitation and southwest winds occurred over the SCS, which resulted in the onset of the SCSM. （2） The relationship among strong convection, heavy rainfall, and vertical circulation configuration is obtained during the monsoon onsets over the BOB and SCS, and it is concluded that the South Asian High plays an important role in this period.

关键词： monsoon onset Bay of Bengal monsoon South China Sea monsoon

Strengthened Regulation of the onset of the South China Sea Summer monsoon by the Northwest Indian Ocean Warming in the Past Decade

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2022年第6期39卷 943-952页

作者： Yang AI Ning JIANG Weihong QIAN Jeremy Cheuk-Hin LEUNG Yanying CHEN State Key Laboratory of Severe Weather(LASW)and Institute of Climate System Chinese Academy of Meteorological SciencesBeijing 100081China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Peking UniversityBeijing 100871China Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology/Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Regional Numerical Weather Prediction China Meteorological AdministrationGuangzhou 510641China School of Marine Sciences Nanjing University of Information Science&TechnologyNanjing 210044China

Traditionally,a delayed(early)onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon(SCSSM)has been observed to follow a warm(cold)El Niño-Southern Oscillation(ENSO)event in winter,supporting high seasonal predictability of SCSSM ***,the empirical seasonal forecasting skill of the SCSSM onset,solely based on ENSO,has deteriorated since ***,unexpected delayed onsets of the SCSSM have also occurred in the past *** attribute these changes to the Northwest Indian Ocean(NWIO)warming of the sea *** NWIO warming has teleconnections related to(1)suppressing the seasonal convection over the South China Sea,which weakens the impacts of ENSO on SCSSM onset and delays the start of SCSSM,and(2)favoring more high-frequency,propagating moist convective activities,which enhances the uncertainty of the seasonal prediction of SCSSM onset *** results yield insight into the predictability of the SCSSM onset under the context of uneven ocean warming operating within the larger-scale background state of global climate change.

关键词： Indian Ocean South China Sea summer monsoon monsoon onset ENSO

The onset of the monsoon over the Bay of Bengal:The Year-to-Year Variations

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2012年第4期5卷 342-347页

作者： YU Wei-Dong LI Kui-Ping SHI Jian-Wei LIU Lin WANG Hui-Wu LIU Yan-Liang Center for Ocean and Climate Research First Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China

In situ buoy observation data spanning four years(2008-2011) were used to demonstrate the year-to-year variations of the monsoon onset processes in the Bay of Bengal(BoB).A significant early(late) monsoon onset event in 2009(2010) was analyzed in *** is found that the year-to-year variations of monsoon onset can be attributed to either the interannual variability in the BoB SST or the irregular activities of the intra-seasonal oscillation(ISO).This finding raises concern over the potential difficulties in simulating or predicting the monsoon onset in the BoB *** uncertainty largely comes from the unsatisfactory model behavior at the intra-seasonal time scale.

关键词： monsoon onset interannual variations Bay of Bengal SST

The onset of the monsoon over the Bay of Bengal:The Observed Common Features for 2008-2011

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Atmospheric and Oceanic Science Letters 2012年第4期5卷 314-318页

作者： YU Wei-Dong SHI Jian-Wei LIU Lin LI Kui-Ping LIU Yan-Liang WANG Hui-Wu Center for Ocean and Climate Research First Institute of OceanographyState Oceanic AdministrationQingdao 266061China

In situ buoy observation data spanning four years(2008-2011) were collected and used to perform a composite analysis of the monsoon onset process in the Bay of Bengal(BoB).The sea surface temperature(SST) in the central BoB increases dramatically during the monsoon transition period and reaches its annual maximum just before the onset of the *** process is illustrated by the northward-propagating deep convection phase of the intraseasonal oscillation and the establishment of a steady southwest *** is argued that the SST peak plays a potential role in triggering the onset of the monsoon in the BoB and its *** general picture of the BoB monsoon onset summarized here reveals the possibility of regional land-ocean-atmosphere *** possibility deserves further examination.

关键词： monsoon onset Indian Ocean SST intra- seasonal oscillation

Recent Advances in Understanding Multi-scale Climate Variability of the Asian monsoon

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Advances in Atmospheric Sciences 2023年第8期40卷 1429-1456页

作者： Wen CHEN Renhe ZHANG Renguang WU Zhiping WEN Liantong ZHOU Lin WANG Peng HU Tianjiao MA Jinling PIAO Lei SONG Zhibiao WANG Juncong LI Hainan GONG Jingliang HUANGFU Yong LIU Department of Atmospheric Sciences Yunnan UniversityKunming 650500China Center for monsoon System Research Institute of Atmospheric PhysicsChinese Academy of SciencesBeijing 100029China Department of Atmospheric and Oceanic Sciences Fudan UniversityShanghai 200438China Department of Atmospheric Sciences School of Earth SciencesZhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310058China

Studies of the multi-scale climate variability of the Asian monsoon are essential to an advanced understanding of the physical processes of the global climate *** this paper,the progress achieved in this field is systematically reviewed,with a focus on the past several *** achievements are summarized into the following topics:(1)the onset of the South China Sea summer monsoon;(2)the East Asian summer monsoon;(3)the East Asian winter monsoon;and(4)the Indian summer ***,new results are highlighted,including the advanced or delayed local monsoon onset tending to be synchronized over the Arabian Sea,Bay of Bengal,Indochina Peninsula,and South China Sea;the basic features of the record-breaking mei-yu in 2020,which have been extensively investigated with an emphasis on the role of multi-scale processes;the recovery of the East Asian winter monsoon intensity after the early 2000s in the presence of continuing greenhouse gas emissions,which is believed to have been dominated by internal climate variability(mostly the Arctic Oscillation);and the accelerated warming over South Asia,which exceeded the tropical Indian Ocean warming,is considered to be the main driver of the Indian summer monsoon rainfall recovery since 1999.A brief summary is provided in the final section along with some further discussion on future research directions regarding our understanding of the Asian monsoon variability.

关键词： Asian monsoon multi-scale climate variability monsoon onset East Asian summer monsoon East Asian winter monsoon Indian summer monsoon

THE RELATIONSHIP BETWEEN SOUTH CHINA SEA SOUTHWEST monsoon ANOMALIES AND IMPORTANT WEATHER IN GUANGDONG PROVINCE DURING THE RAINING SEASONS

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Journal of Tropical Meteorology 2008年第2期14卷 113-116页

作者：谢炯光纪忠萍谷德军梁建茵 Guangzhou Central Meteorological Observatory Guangzhou Institute of Tropical and Marine Meteorology CMA

The activity of South China Sea southwest monsoon (SCSSM) has direct impacts on the anomalies of important weather in Guangdong province during the raining seasons. So it is necessary to explore thoroughly the activity pattern of SCSSM and its relationship with important weather anomalies in the province. In this paper, the methods of composite analysis and correlation statistics are used to study the relationship between the onset date and intensity of SCSSM and the important weather, such as precipitation trends in Guangdong province during the annually first and second raining seasons, the timing of the annually first and last typhoon and the number of typhoons landing in Guangdong province. The results show that the rainfall is less than normal during the first raining season, but more than normal during the second one and there are more tropical cyclones landing in Guangdong province in the years of early SCSSM onset. The rainfall is more than normal during the second raining season and there are more tropical cyclones landing in Guangdong province in the years of strong SCSSM. The relationship between the SST of April - June, July - September and previous winter (December - February) and 500 hPa geopotential height and the onset date and intensity of SCSSM is analyzed. Some mechanisms between the onset dates and intensity of SCSSM and the important weather anomalies in Guangdong province are preliminarily explored. The results can be used for reference in short-term climate forecast.

关键词： southwest monsoon raining season monsoon onset monsoon intensity