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Bone diseases in rabbits with hyperparathyroidism: computed tomography, magnetic resonance imaging and histopathology

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Chinese Medical Journal 2006年第15期119卷 1248-1255页

作者： BAI Rong-jie CONG De-gang SHEN Bao-zhong HAN Ming-jun WU Zhen-hua Department of Radiology Fourth Affiliated Hospital of Harbin Medical University Harbin 150001 China Department of Thoracic Surgery Affiliated Hospital of Hangzhou Teachers College Hangzhou 310015 China Department of Radiology First Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110001 China Department of Radiology Second Affiliated Hospital of China Medical University Shenyang 110004 China

Background Hyperparathyroidism （HPT） occurs at an early age and has a high disability rate. Unfortunately, confirmed diagnosis in most patients is done at a very late stage, when the patients have shown typical symptoms and signs, and when treatment does not produce any desirable effect. It has become urgent to find a method that would detect early bone diseases in HPT to obtain time for the ideal treatment. This study evaluated the accuracy of high field magnetic resonance imaging （MRI） combined with spiral computed tomography （SCT） scan in detecting early bone diseases in HPT, through imaging techniques and histopathological examinations on an animal model of HPT. Methods Eighty adult rabbits were randomly divided into two groups with forty in each. The control group was fed normal diet （Ca：P = 1：0.7）; the experimental group was fed high phosphate diet （Ca：P = 1：7） for 3, 4, 5, or 6-month intervals to establish the animal model of HPT. The staging and imaging findings of the early bone diseases in HPT were determined by high field MRI and SCT scan at the 3rd, 4th, 5th and 6th month. Each rabbit was sacrificed after high field MRI and SCT scan, and the parathyroid and bones were removed for pathological examination to evaluate the accuracy of imaging diagnosis. Results Parathyroid histopathological studies revealed hyperplasia, osteoporosis and early cortical bone resorption. The bone diseases in HPT displayed different levels of low signal intensity on T1WI and low to intermediate signal intensity on T2WI in bone of stage 0, Ⅰ, Ⅱ or Ⅲ, but showed correspondingly absent, probable, osteoporotic and subperiosteal cortical resorption on SCT scan. Conclusion High field MRI combined with SCT scan not only detects early bone diseases in HPT, but also indicates staging, and might be a reliable method of studying early bone diseases in HPT.

关键词： hyperparathyroidism bone diseases models, animal magnetic resonance imaging tomography, X-ray computed

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Absorbable bandage wrapping in treatment of severe blast liver injury： a miniature swine model

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Chinese Medical Journal 2011年第22期124卷 3757-3761页

作者： LU Can-rong CHEN Lin CHEN Wen-bin DOU Chun-qing LIU Rong HUANG Zhi-qiang Department of General Surgery Chinese People＇s Liberation Army General Hospital Beijing 100853 China

Background The aim of this research was to evaluate the feasibility and efficacy of absorbable bandage wrapping in the treatment of cases of severe liver trauma. Methods Electric firecrackers were detonated in 16 miniature swine to produce a severe blast liver injury. After fluid resuscitation, the animals were randomly divided into two groups （n=-8 each） and were either treated with absorbable bandage wrapping of the injured lobe of liver （Group B） or hepatic Iobectomy （Group H）. Time to hemostasis, blood loss during the treatment period, and other parameters were compared, including postoperative serum total bilirubin （TB）, alanine aminotransferase （ALT）, and aspartate aminotransferase （AST）. Results Blood loss during the treatment period was significantly lower in Group B than that in Group H （（81.3±26.0） ml vs. （130.8±2.9.5） ml, P=0.0031）. Serum AST and ALT were transiently increased post-surgically. These transient increases were significantly higher in Group B. No difference in time to hemostasis was noted （（8.70±2.27） minutes vs. （10.28±1.93） minutes, P=-0.1559） in Groups B and H, respectively. Two pigs were humanely euthanized 28 days post-surgically and the wrapped liver lobes appeared atrophies. Microscopically, there was evidence of emerging and mature fibrous tissue. Conclusion Absorbable bandaqe wrappinQ is both feasible and effective in the treatment of severe blast liver injury.

关键词： wounds and injuries bandage hemostasis, surgical hepatectomy models, animal

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Induction of lupus-like renal damages by double stranded DNA derived from Trypanosoma equiperdum

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Chinese Medical Journal 2006年第20期119卷 1753-1756页

作者： XIA Yu-min DING Guo-hua XU Shi-zheng JIANG Shan YANG Hong-xia XIONG La-yuan Department of Dermatology Renmin Hospital Wuhan University Wuhan 430060 China Department of Nephrology Renmin Hospital Wuhan University Wuhan 430060 China

Lupus nephritis is the most common visceral complication in the patients with systemic lupus erythematosus （SLE）.It was evident that the anti-dsDNA antibodies were closely related to lupus nephritis, as seen in patients who had higher titers of serum anti-dsDNA antibodies had more severe renal lesions and even worse prognosis. So far it is still unknown how the dsDNA or anti-dsDNA antibody plays a role in the pathogenesis of lupus nephritis. The Trypanosoma equiperdum （TE） has uniformed dsDNA, no histone is found in both the cell nucleus and kinetonucleus. For this reason, TE became an optimal substrate used for detecting anti-dsDNA antibodies in SLE patients. It is proved that TE substrate is highly sensitive and specific. This reminds us to concern whether TE dsDNA share same SLE antigenic determinants with the pathogenic dsDNA in patients. Compared to the mammalian dsDNA, the kinetoplast DNA （kDNA） of TE has simpler molecular structure which makes it easier for purification. It offers us the possibility to establish lupus-like nephritis model by TE kDNA. We subcutaneously injected TE kDNA into normal mice. The result indicated lupus-like nephritis has been successfully induced by this simple and convenient protocol, which is useful to elucidate the particular role of dsDNA or anti-dsDNA antibody in lupus nephritis.

关键词： DNA, double-stranded antinuclear antibody lupus nephritis models, animal

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Establishment and evaluation of a rat model of complete transected spinal cord injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2008年第4期3卷 367-371页

作者： Xuejun Li Chunhai Huang Shangming Liu Xianrui Yuan Department of Neurosurgery Xiangya Hospital of Central South University Changsha 410008 Hunan Province China

BACKGROUND： The establishment of a rat model of complete transected spinal cord injury lacks technological specifications. The current models lack concordance and reliability, and the death rate of the experimental animals is high. Therefore, there is a great need for a reliable model to apply clinical applications of therapy. OBJECTIVE： To construct a rat model of complete transected spinal cord injury characterized by stability, reproducibility, and a high animal survival rate. DESIGN： Completely randomized controlled study. SETTING： Department of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University. MATERIALS： Fifty-five healthy specific pathogen free grade adult female Sprague Dawley rats were provided by the Experimental animal Department, Xiangya Medical College, Central South University. Olympus BX51 imaging collecting analytic system was provided by Olympus Company, Japan; and SEN-7203 Nihon-Kohden electrical stimulator by Nihon Kohden, Japan. METHODS： This study was performed at the Laboratory of Neurosurgery, Xiangya Hospital of Central South University from April to June 2006. Experimental grouping： 55 rats were randomly divided into model group （n = 40） and sham surgery group （n = 15）. In the model group, a self-made sliver hook was passed through the ventral side to support the spinal cord at the T12 segment and to shear it off. A complete transected spinal cord, 2 mm in length, was resected. In the sham surgery group, the spinal cord was identically exposed. The dura mater of the spinal cord was cut open, but the spinal cord was not damaged. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES： Histopathological changes after spinal cord injury at L2 segment were observed subsequent to hematoxylin and eosin staining under optical microscopy. Olympus BX51 imaging collecting analytic system was used to count spinal cord ventral horn neurons. Motor function of rat hindlimb was evaluated with the Basso, Beattie and Bresnahan （BBB） scale. Paraplegia was evaluated as 0 point, and co

关键词： spinal cord injury complete transected models, animal rats

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Biliary tract injury caused by different relative warm ischemia time in liver transplantation in rats

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Hepatobiliary & Pancreatic Diseases International 2009年第3期8卷 247-254页

作者： Zhao, Hong-Feng Zhang, Guo-Wei Zhou, Jie Lin, Jian-Hua Cui, Zhong-Lin Li, Xiang-Hong So Med Univ Nanfang Hosp Dept Hepatobiliary Surg Guangzhou 510515 Guangdong Peoples R China

BACKGROUND: There is a controversy over the degree of liver and biliary injury caused by the period of secondary warm ischemia. A liver autotransplantation model was adopted because it excludes the effects of infection and immunological rejection on bile duct injury. This study was undertaken to assess biliary tract injury caused by relative warm ischemia (secondary warm ischemia time in the biliary tract) and reperfusion. METHODS: One hundred and two rats were randomly divided into 5 groups: group I (control); groups 11 to V, relative warm ischemia times of 0 minute, 30 minutes, I hour and 2 hours. In addition to the levels of serum alkaline phosphatase, and total bilirubin, pathomorphology assessment and TUNEL assay were performed to evaluate biliary tract damage. RESULTS: Under the conditions that there were no significant differences in warm ischemia time, cold perfusion time and anhepatic phase, group comparisons showed statistically significant differences. The least injury occurred in group H (portal vein and hepatic artery reperfused simultaneously) but the most severe injury occurred in group V (biliary tract relative warm ischemia time 2 hours). CONCLUSIONS: Relative warm ischemia is one of the factors that result in bile duct injury, and the relationship between relative warm ischemia time the bile injury degree is time-dependent. Simultaneous arterial and portal reperfusion is the best choice to avoid the bile duct injury caused by relative warm ischemia. (Hepatobiliary Pancreat Dis Int 2009; 8: 247-254)

关键词： liver transplantation bile duct ischemia-reperfusion injury relative warm ischemia time models, animal rat

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High sodium causes hypertension: evidence from clinical trials and animal experiments

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Journal of Integrative Medicine 2015年第1期13卷 1-8页

作者： Vamsi Reddy Arvind Sridhar Roberto F.Machado Jiwang Chen Section of Pulmonary Critical Care Medicine Sleep and Allergy Department of Medicine University of Illinois at Chicago

Hypertension is a cardiovascular disease affecting approximately one out of every seven people worldwide. High-sodium consumption has been generally accepted as a risk factor for developing hypertension. Today, global sodium consumption greatly exceeds guidelines recommended by all medical institutions. This review synthesizes the data of landmark mammalian and human studies which investigated the role of sodium in the pathogenesis of hypertension, along with modern studies questioning this relationship. Recent studies concerning the potential pathways by which high-sodium concentration induces hypertension were reviewed. Human trials and population studies revealed a strong correlation between high blood pressure and average dietary sodium; and animal studies found a dramatic reduction in vascular function in a variety of mammals treated with high-sodium diets. In spite of a few contrarian studies, we found overwhelming evidence that elevated sodium consumption could cause hypertension

关键词： high salt hypertension clinical trial models, animal reviews

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Effect of erhuangfang on cerebral and spinal demyelination and regeneration as well as expression of glial fibrillary acidic protein in rats with experimental allergic encephalomyelitis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2007年第8期2卷 491-496页

作者： Xiuzhen Liu Yongping Fan Lei Wang Yun Cui Haiyang Gong Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100050 China College of Traditional Chinese Medicine Capital Medical University Bering 100069 China Institute of Neurosurgery Beijing Tiantan Hospital Capital Medical University Beijing 100050 China

BACKGROUND： It demonstrates that erhuangfang can improve clinical symptoms of multiple sclerosis and relieve side effects of hormone. However, whether erhuangfang can improve experimental allergic encephalomyelitis （EAE） or not needs a further study. OBJECTIVE： To observe the effect of erhuangfang on neuro-pathology and astrocyte in EAE rats and compare with the effect of hormone. DESIGN： Randomized controlled animal study. SETTINGS： Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Beijing Tiantan Hospital, Capital Medical University; College of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Capital Medical University. MATERIALS： The experiment was carded out in the Laboratory Center of Capital Medical University from August to October 2005. Ten adult guinea pigs （SPF grade, weighing 400 - 450 g） and 70 adult Lewis rats （SPF grade, weighing 200- 220 g） were selected in this study. Erhuangfang consisted of fiudahuang, shengdi, shuizhi, dabeimu, etc. METHODS： ①Experimental intervention： Rats were randomly divided into normal group （n=10）, model group （n=20）, western medicine group （n=20） and Chinese herb group （n=20）. Mixed emulsion, which was consisted of Freund＇s adjuvant and spinal cord homogenate of guinea pigs, was subcutaneously injected into palms of the two hindfeet of rats in the latter three groups to establish EAE models. Foot pads were injected with saline and then rats were perfused with saline in the normal *** the model group, models were established as the same as those mentioned above, and rats were also perfused with saline. Rats in the western medicine group were perfused with saline and then 5 mg/kg prednisone acetate suspension. Rats in the Chinese herb group were perfused with erhuangfang decoction （15 g raw materials per kilogram） at 5 days before model establishment. The dosage in the four groups was 3 mL/day per rat. ②Experimental evaluation： At 28 days after model establishment, rats were randomly selected for cerebral （mainly surrounding cerebral ventricle）

关键词： encephalomyelitis models, animal autoimmunity

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Apoptosis of endothelial cells of cerebral basilar arteries in symptomatic cerebral vasospasm rabbit models Electron microscopic observation

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Neural Regeneration Research 2007年第8期2卷 479-482页

作者： Guojun Shi Guodong Gao Zhenwei Zha Fifth Endemic Area the 89 Hospital of Chinese PLA Weifang 261021 Shandong Province China Minimally Invasive Neurosurgical Center Tangdu Hospital Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA Xi＇an 710038 ShaanxiProvince China

BACKGROUND： Recent researchers report that vasospasm is caused by that, on one hand, damage of endothelial cells reduces synthesis and liberation of vessel dilator; on the other hand, defluxion of endothelial cells directly exposure vascular smooth muscles in active materials of vasoconstriction in blood. OBJECTIVE： To study whether apoptosis of cerebrovascular cells occurs in symptomatic cerebral vasospasm （CVS） rabbit models by using transmission electron microscope. DESIGN： Contrast observation. SETTINGS： The Fifth Endemic Area, the 89 Hospital of Chinese PLA; Minimally Invasive Neurosurgical Center, Tangdu Hospital, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS： A total of 24 New Zealand rabbits, of either sex, weighing 2.4 - 3.0 kg, of clear grade, were selected from the Experimental animal Center of the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA. JEM-2000EX transmission electron microscope was made in Japan. METHODS： The experiment was carried out in the Laboratory of Anatomy （National Key Laboratory）, the Fourth Military Medical University of Chinese PLA from April 2001 to April 2002. ①Preparation of symptomatic CVS models： Eighteen animals which were successfully modeled were randomly divided into experimental group （n =13） and control group （n =5）. animals in the experimental group were poured with blood into cavitas subarachnoidealis; while, animals in the control group were poured with the same volume of saline into cavitas subarachnoidealis. At the 5^th day injection, three rabbits selected from the experimental group were anesthetized and perfused into left ventricle. And then, aorta pectoralis and caval vein were blocked by using ring clamp. Cranium was rapidly cut open to obtain cerebral basilar artery and a few of brain tissues. Both of them were fixed for 8 hours. Two rabbits selected from the control group were perfused with the same method to obtain basilar artery and brain tissues and fix. ②After fixation by using optic

关键词： encephalomyelitis models, animal autoimmunity

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Establishing a cat model of acute optic nerve injury

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Neural Regeneration Research 2007年第9期2卷 552-556页

作者： Feng Yu Gang Sui Shaoji Yuan Rongwei Zhang Zisheng Liu Peigang Lu Department of Neurosurgery General Hospital of Ji＇nan Mifitary Area Command of Chinese PLA Ji＇nan 250031 Shandong ProvinceChina

BACKGROUND： In order to investigate the progress in optic nerve injury and the following regeneration and repair, many kinds of animal models of optic nerve injury have been established, such as models of acute and chronic ocular hypertension, compression, amputating wound, ischemia reperfusion or hypoxia, intravitreal injection of excitatory amino acids, etc. However, most of these models are established by squeezing intraorbital optic nerve, and suitable for ophthalmology, and there are fewer models suitable for the acute cranial contusion in neurosurgery. OBJECTIVE： To observe the changes of optic nerve after acute injury, and the characteristics of methods for establishing model of acute optic nerve injury in cats. DESIGN： A complete randomized grouping and controlled animal trial. SETTING： Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Ji＇nan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA. MATERIALS： Twenty-eight healthy adult cats, common degree, either sex, weighing 2.0-3.5 kg, were provided by the animal experimental center of Fudan University. The cats were randomly divided into control group （n =3） and model group （n =25）, and 5 cats in the model group were observed at 6 hours and 1, 3, 7 and 14 days after injury respectively. JX-2000 biological signal processing system （Department of Physiology, Second Military Medical University of Chinese PLA, Shanghai）; Inverted phase contrast microscope （Olympus）; Axioplan 2 imaging microgram analytical system （Labsystems）. METHODS： The experiments were carried out in the Department of Neurosurgery, General Hospital of Jinan Military Area Command of Chinese PLA from June 2004 to June 2005. The cats in the model groups were made into models of acute optic nerve injury： The cats were anesthetized, then the limbs were fixed in a lateral recumbent position. Pterion approach in human was imitated, the operative incision was made along the line between lateral canthus and tragus, and it could be seen deep along the skull bas

关键词： optic nerve injuries models, animal evoked potentials, visual

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Interventional effect of electroacupuncture combined with medicine on monoamine neurotransmitters in hypothalamus of rats with ulcerative colitis

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Neural Regeneration Research 2007年第9期2卷 536-539页

作者： Yin Shi Shuang Li Huangan Wu Yi Yao Chen Zhao Zheng Shi Yejing Gong Shanghai Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian Shanghai 200030 China Longhua Hospital Affiliated to Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai 200030 China

BACKGROUND： Ulcerative colitis （UC） is conventionally treated with sulfasalazine and other aminosalicylic acids. The symptoms of UC can be rapidly controlled, but high recurrence, severe adverse reactions and other shortages exist commonly. Whether electroacupuncture combined with medicine can make up these shortages remains unclear. OBJECTIVE： This study was to observe the regulatory effect of electroacupuncture combined with medicine on monoamine neurotransmitter in hypothalamus of rats with ulcerative colitis, and to analyze the pathogenesis of UC and the action pathway of electroacupuncture combined with medicine. DESIGN： A randomized controlled observation. SETTING： Shanghai Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian. MATERIALS： Thirty involved male SD rats of clean grade, weighing （200±20）g, were provided by the Experimental animal Center, Shanghai University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. Sulfasalazine was produced in the Shanghai Sanwei Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd [certification No. （1995）002083]. METHODS： This study was carried out in the State Laboratory （grade 3） for Acupuncture and Immunology, Shanghai Institute of Acupuncture and Meridian. The involved 30 rats were randomized into 5 groups： normal group, model group, electroacupuncture group, medicine group and electroacupuncture combined with medicine group, with 6 rats in each group. Rats in the latter 4 groups were prepared into models of UC. In the electroacupuncture group, Zusanli（shuang） point was selected. Electro-acupuncture apparatus （G6805Ⅱ type） was connected to the point and used to stimulate it with continuous wave, frequency of 2 Hz, electrical intensity 4 mA, 20 minutes a day, for 14 days successively. In the medicine group, rats were intragastrically administrated with sulfasalazine, twice a day, 3 mL once, for 14 days successively. In the electroacupuncture combined with medicine group, rats were treated with electroacupuncture and medicine simultaneously as described in the previous two

关键词： ulcerative colitis models, animal autoimmunity

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