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Environmental toxicant-induced maladaptive mitochondrial changes:A potential unifying mechanism in fatty liver disease?

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2021年第12期11卷 3756-3767页

作者： Regina D.Schnegelberger Anna L.Lang Gavin E.Arteel Juliane I.Beier Department of Pharmacology&Chemical Biology University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15213USA Department of Neurology University of Miami Miller School of MedicineMiamiFL 33136USA Department of Medicine Division of GastroenterologyHepatology&NutritionUniversity of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15213USA Pittsburgh Liver Research Center University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15213USA Department of Environmental&Occupational Health University of PittsburghPittsburghPA 15213USA

Occupational and environmental exposures to industrial chemicals are well known to cause hepatotoxicity and liver injury.However,despite extensive evidence showing that exposure can lead to disease,current research approaches and regulatory policies fail to address the possibility that subtle changes caused by low level exposure to chemicals may also enhance preexisting conditions.In recent years,the conceptual understanding of the contribution of environmental chemicals to liver disease has progressed significantly.Mitochondria are often target of toxicity of environmental toxicants resulting in multisystem disorders involving different cells,tissues,and organs.Here,we review persistent maladaptive changes to mitochondria in response to environmental toxicant exposure as a mechanism of hepatotoxicity.With better understanding of the mechanism(s) and risk factors that mediate the initiation and progression of toxicant-induced liver disease,rational targeted therapy can be developed to better predict risk,as well as to treat or prevent this disease.

关键词： Organochlorines Metals Persistent organic pollutants TASH Liver disease Hepatotoxicity Mitochondrial maladaptation mitohormesis

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Modulation of mitochondrial bioenergetics as a therapeutic strategy in Alzheimer＇s disease

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Neural Regeneration Research 2018年第1期13卷 19-25页

作者： Isaac G. Onyango Gertcia Biotechnology Charlottesville VA USA

Alzheimer’s disease （AD） is an increasingly pressing worldwide public-health, social, political and economic concern. Despite significant investment in multiple traditional therapeutic strategies that have achieved success in preclinical models addressing the pathological hallmarks of the disease, these efforts have not translated into any effective disease-modifying therapies. This could be because interventions are being tested too late in the disease process. While existing therapies provide symptomatic and clinical benefit, they do not fully address the molecular abnormalities that occur in AD neurons. The pathophysiology of AD is complex; mitochondrial bioenergetic deficits and brain hypometabolism coupled with increased mitochondrial oxidative stress are antecedent and potentially play a causal role in the disease pathogenesis. Dysfunctional mitochondria accumulate from the combination of impaired mitophagy, which can also induce injurious inflammatory responses, and inadequate neuronal mitochondrial biogenesis. Altering the metabolic capacity of the brain by modulating/potentiating its mitochondrial bioenergetics may be a strategy for disease prevention and treatment. We present insights into the mechanisms of mitochondrial dysfunction in AD brain as well as an overview of emerging treatments with the potential to prevent, delay or reverse the neurodegenerative process by targeting mitochondria.

关键词： Alzheimer＇s disease mitochondria bioenergetics mitochondrial DNA neuroinflammation mitohormesis caloric restriction hypometabolism mitophagy mitochondrial biogenesis recombinant-human mitochondrial transcription factor A antioxidants proteasome mitochondrial transcription activator-like effector nucleases clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats/associated protein 9 （CRISPR/Cas9） caloric restriction stem cells

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Perspective on dietary isothiocyanates in the prevention,development and treatment of cancer

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Journal of Cancer Metastasis and Treatment 2020年第1期6卷 271-286页

作者： Herman Yeger Reza Bayat Mokhtari The Hospital for Sick Children Program in Developmental and Stem Cell BiologyTorontoON M5G 0A4Canada Department Biomedical&Molecular Sciences Botterell Hall Rm 827Queen’s UniversityKingstonON K7L 3N6Canada

Epidemiological evidence has highlighted the association of specific diets and a lower incidence of cancer.Foremost,the Mediterranean diet provides high levels of polyphenolics and a high consumption of healthier fats,e.g.,as from olive oil.In the Mediterranean region the consumption of vegetables is elevated providing a class of compounds,the isothiocyanates(ITCs)as found in the cabbage family.The ITCs have raised great interest for their health benefits over the past few decades.Some of the key ITC compounds,sulforaphane,phenethylisothiocyanate and benzyl isothiocyanate,have been studied in vitro and in vivo and the data support their promise for cancer chemoprevention,as anti-tumor agents,and for chemoprotection of normal tissues and organs.Along with other polyphenolic compounds in the diet,in general,they also possess key anti-inflammatory properties thus satisfying the criteria for compounds that could intervene in cancer initiation and progression.In this review we provide a larger overview of the advantages of including ITCs in the diet as food or as supplements and speculate on what could constitute a valuable therapeutic strategy for improving and sustaining good health and countering cancer disease in humans.

关键词： Mediterranean diet isothiocyanates chemoprevention chemoprotection anti-tumor hormesis mitohormesis anti-inflammatory

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