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microbiota-host interactions in irritable bowel syndrome: Epithelial barrier, immune regulation and brain-gut interactions

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2014年第27期20卷 8859-8866页

作者： Niall P Hyland Eamonn MM Quigley Elizabeth Brint Alimentary Pharmabiotic Centre University College Cork 30 Cork Ireland Department of Pharmacology and Therapeutics University College Cork 30 Cork Ireland Houston Methodist Hospital Houston TX 77030 United States Department of Pathology University College Cork 30 Cork Ireland

Irritable bowel syndrome(IBS) is a common, sometimes debilitating, gastrointestinal disorder worldwide. While altered gut motility and sensation, as well as aberrant brain perception of visceral events, are thought to contribute to the genesis of symptoms in IBS, a search for an underlying aetiology has, to date, proven unsuccessful. Recently, attention has been focused on the microbiota as a possible factor in the pathogenesis of IBS. Prompted by a number of clinical observations, such as the recognition of the de novo development of IBS following enteric infections, as well as descriptions of changes in colonic bacterial populations in IBS and supported by clinical responses to interventions, such as antibiotics and probiotics, that modify the microbiota, various approaches have been taken to investigating the microbiota-host response in IBS, as well as in animal models thereof. From such studies a considerable body of evidence has accumulated to indicate the activation or upregulation of both factors involved in bacterial engagement with the host as well host defence mechanisms against bacteria. Alterations in gut barrier function, occurring in response, or in parallel, to changes in the microbiota, have also been widely described and can be seen to play a pivotal role in generating and sustaining host immune responses both within and beyond the gut. In this manner a plausible hypothesis, based on an altered microbiota and/or an aberrant host response, for the pathogenesis, of at least some instances of IBS, can be generated.

关键词： microbiota Irritable bowel syndrome Tolllike receptor Epithelial barrier Gut-brain axis

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microbiota-based treatments in alcoholic liver disease

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2016年第29期22卷 6673-6682页

作者： Hotaik Sung Seung Woo Kim Meegun Hong Ki Tae Suk Department of Molecular and Cell Physiology University of Cincinnati College of Medicine Department of Biomedical Science Hallym University College of Medicine Department of Internal Medicine Hallym University Chuncheon Sacred Heart Hospital Hallym University College of Medicine

Gut microbiota plays a key role in the pathogenesis of alcoholic liver disease(ALD). Consumption of alcohol leads to increased gut permeability, small intestinal bacterial overgrowth, and enteric dysbiosis. These factors contribute to the increased translocation of microbial products to the liver via the portal tract. Subsequently, bacterial endotoxins such as lipopolysaccharide, in association with the Toll-like receptor 4 signaling pathway, induce a gamut of damaging immune responses in the hepatic milieu. Because of the close association between deleterious inflammation and ALD-induced microbiota imbalance, therapeutic approaches that seek to reestablish gut homeostasis should be considered in the treatment of alcoholic patients. To this end, a number of preliminary studies on probiotics have confirmed their effectiveness in suppressing proinflammatory cytokines and improving liver function in the context of ALD. In addition, there have been few studies linking the administration of prebiotics and antibiotics with reduction of alcoholinduced liver damage. Because these preliminary results are promising, large-scale randomized studies are warranted to elucidate the impact of these microbiotabased treatments on the gut flora and associated immune responses, in addition to exploring questions about optimal delivery. Finally, fecal microbiota transplant has been shown to be an effective method of modulating gut microbiota and deserve further investigation as a potential therapeutic option for ALD.

关键词： Alcoholic liver disease Gut microbiota Probiotics Treatment

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Negative consequences of reduced protein diets supplemented with synthetic amino acids for performance,intestinal barrier function,and caecal microbiota composition of broiler chickens

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Animal Nutrition 2023年第2期13卷 216-228页

作者： Reza Barekatain Peter V.Chrystal Tanya Nowland Amy F.Moss Gordon S.Howarth Thi Thu Hao Van Robert J.Moore South Australian Research and Development Institute Roseworthy CampusRoseworthySAAustralia School of Animal and Veterinary Sciences Roseworthy CampusUniversity of AdelaideRoseworthySAAustralia School of Science RMIT UniversityBundoora West CampusBundooraVICAustralia School of Environmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia School of Envi1ronmental and Rural Science University of New EnglandArmidaleNSWAustralia

The consequences of feeding broiler chickens with reduced protein(RP)diets for gut health and barrier function are not well *** study was performed to elucidate the effect of reducing dietary protein and source of protein on gut health and performance *** experimental diets included 2 control diets with standard protein levels either containing meat and bone meal(CMBM)or an all-vegetable diet(CVEG),a medium RP diet(17.5%in growers and 16.5%in finisher),and a severe RP diet(15.6%in grower and 14.6%in finisher).Off-sex Ross 308 birds were assigned to each of the 4 diets and performance measurements were taken from d 7 to 42 *** diet was replicated 8 times(10 birds per replicate).A challenge study was conducted on additional 96 broilers(24 birds per diet)from d 13 to *** of the birds in each dietary treatment were challenged by dexamethasone(DEX)to induce a leaky *** birds with RP diets decreased weight gain(Pmicrobiota was affected in birds fed 15.6%pro-tein having a significantly lower richness of microbiota in both sham and DEX-injected ***-bacteria was the main phylum driving the differences in birds fed 15.6%*** the family level,Bifidobacteriaceae,Unclassified Bifidobacteriales,Enterococcaceae,Enterobacteriaceae,and Lachnospir-aceae were the main taxa in birds fed 15.6%*** supplementation of synthetic amino acids,severe reduction of dietary pro

关键词： Gut health microbiota Tight junction protein Inflammation Broiler

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Low-protein diet supplemented with 1% L-glutamine improves growth performance, serum biochemistry, redox status, plasma amino acids, and alters fecal microbiota in weaned piglets

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Animal Nutrition 2024年第2期17卷 144-154页

作者： Jun Li Jun Bai Ying Yang Zhenlong Wu State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feeding Department of Companion Animal Science China Agricultural University

Glutamine, one of the most abundant amino acids in the body, has been shown to exert various beneficial effects in pigs. However, knowledge regarding the role of dietary glutamine in low-protein diet-fed piglets remains scarce. The present study aimed to investigate the effects of different levels of L-glutamine on growth performance, serum biochemistry parameters, redox status, amino acids, and fecal microbiota in low-protein diet-fed piglets. A total of 128 healthy crossbred piglets(Landrace × Yorkshire)were randomly allocated into 4 groups of 4 replicate pens, with 8 piglets per pen. Piglets in the 4 groups were fed with corn and soybean meal-based low-protein diets(crude protein level, 17%) that contained0%, 1%, 2%, and 3% L-glutamine, respectively, for 28 d. Pigs administered 1% L-glutamine had greater body weight on d 28 and average daily gain(ADG, P < 0.01), whereas a lower feed to gain ratio(F:G) from d 1to 28(P < 0.01), compared to the other three groups. Besides, lower body weight on d 14 and 28, ADG,average daily feed intake, and higher F:G from d 15 to 28 and d 1 to 28 were observed in response to 2%and 3% L-glutamine treatments than 0% and 1% L-glutamine treatments(P < 0.01). Moreover, 1% Lglutamine reduced serum glucose, malondialdehyde, hydrogen peroxide concentrations and inhibited aspartate aminotransferase, alanine aminotransferase, myeloperoxidase activities in low-protein diet-fed piglets on d 14, with concomitantly upregulated catalase, total superoxide dismutase activities and glutathione level(P < 0.05). However, dietary 3% L-glutamine enhanced blood urea nitrogen content in pigs on d 14(P < 0.05). Further investigation revealed that 1% L-glutamine upregulated the serum glutamine, lysine, methionine, tyrosine, and reduced plasma valine content(P < 0.05). Additionally, 1% Lglutamine upregulated the abundance of p＿75＿a5, Clostridium, Lactobacillus, Prevotellaceae＿Prevotella,and Gemmiger in the stool of piglets on d 14, with the Streptococcus lev

关键词： Glutamine Low protein diet Pig Redox status Amino acid microbiota

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Regulation of microbiota–GLP1 axis by sennoside A in diet-induced obese mice

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Acta Pharmaceutica Sinica B 2019年第4期9卷 758-768页

作者： Jiamei Le Xiaoying Zhang Weiping Jia Yong Zhang Juntao Luo Yongning Sun Jianping Ye Shanghai Key Laboratory of Molecular Imaging Shanghai University of Medicine and Health SciencesShanghai 201318China Department of Traditional Chinese Medicine Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai 200233China Central Laboratory Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's Hospital EastShanghai 201306China Diabetes Institute Shanghai Jiaotong University Affiliated Sixth People's HospitalShanghai 200233China Antioxidant and Gene Regulation Laboratory Pennington Biomedical Research CenterLSUBaton RougeLA 70808 USA Department of Cardiology Shanghai Municipal Hospital of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai University of Traditional Chinese MedicineShanghai 200071China

Sennoside A(SA) is a bioactive component of Chinese herbal medicines with an activity of irritant laxative, which is often used in the treatment of constipation and obesity. However, its activity remains unknown in the regulation of insulin sensitivity. In this study, the impact of SA on insulin sensitivity was tested in high fat diet(HFD)-induced obese mice through dietary supplementation. At a dosage of 30 mg/kg/day, SA improved insulin sensitivity in the mice after 8-week treatment as indicated by HOMA-IR(homeostatic model assessment for insulin resistance) and glucose tolerance test(GTT). SA restored plasma level of glucagon-like peptide 1(GLP1) by 90% and mRNA expression of Glp1 by 80% in the large intestine of HFD mice. In the mechanism, SA restored the gut microbiota profile, short chain fatty acids(SCFAs), and mucosal structure in the colon. A mitochondrial stress was observed in the enterocytes of HFD mice with ATP elevation, structural damage, and complex dysfunction. The mitochondrial response was induced in enterocytes by the dietary fat as the same responses were induced by palmitic acid in the cell culture. The mitochondrial response was inhibited in HFD mice by SA treatment. These data suggest that SA may restore the function of microbiota–GLP1 axis to improve glucose metabolism in the obese mice.

关键词： Sennoside A Insulin sensitivity Mitochondria Gut microbiota Short chain fatty acids GLP1

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Effects of Proton Pump Inhibitors on the Gastrointestinal microbiota in Gastroesophageal Reflux Disease

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2019年第1期17卷 52-63页

作者： Yi-Chao Shi Shun-Tian Cai Ya-Ping Tian Hui-Jun Zhao Yan-Bing Zhang Jing Chen Rong-Rong Ren Xi Luo Li-Hua Peng Gang Sun Yun-Sheng Yang Department of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Institute of Digestive Diseases Chinese PLA General Hospital School of Medicine Nankai University Core Laboratory of the Translational Medical Center Chinese PLA General Hospital Realbio Genomics Institute

Proton pump inhibitors(PPIs) are commonly used to lessen symptoms in patients with gastroesophageal reflux disease(GERD). However, the effects of PPI therapy on the gastrointestinal microbiota in GERD patients remain unclear. We examined the association between the PPI usage and the microbiota present in gastric mucosal and fecal samples from GERD patients and healthy controls(HCs) using 16 S rRNA gene sequencing. GERD patients taking PPIs were further divided into short-term and long-term PPI user groups. We showed that PPI administration lowered the relative bacterial diversity of the gastric microbiota in GERD patients. Compared to the non-PPIuser and HC groups, higher abundances of Planococcaceae, Oxalobacteraceae, and Sphingomonadaceae were found in the gastric microbiota from the PPI-user group. In addition, the Methylophilus genus was more highly abundant in the long-term PPI user group than in the short-term PPI-user group. Despite the absence of differences in alpha diversity, there were significant differences in the fecal bacterial composition of between GERD patients taking PPIs and those not taking PPIs. There was a higher abundance of Streptococcaceae, Veillonellaceae, Acidaminococcaceae,Micrococcaceae, and Flavobacteriaceae present in the fecal microbiota from the PPI-user group than those from the non-PPI-user and HC groups. Additionally, a significantly higher abundance of Ruminococcus was found in GERD patients on long-term PPI medication than that on shortterm PPI medication. Our study indicates that PPI administration in patients with GERD has a significant effect on the abundance and structure of the gastric mucosal microbiota but only on the composition of the fecal microbiota.

关键词： microbiota Gastroesophageal reflux disease Proton pump inhibitors Gastric mucosal Fecal

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Inulin Can Alleviate Metabolism Disorders in ob/ob Mice by Partially Restoring Leptinrelated Pathways Mediated by Gut microbiota

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Genomics, Proteomics & Bioinformatics 2019年第1期17卷 64-75页

作者： Xiaofeng Song Liang Zhong Na Lyu Fei Liu Boxing Li Yanan Hao Yong Xue Jing Li Yuqing Feng Yue Ma Yongfei Hu Baoli Zhu CAS Key Laboratory of Pathogenic Microbiology and Immunology Institute of Microbiology Chinese Academy of Sciences Savaid Medical School University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing Key Laboratory of Microbial Drug Resistance and Resistome College of Food Science and Nutritional Engineering China Agricultural University State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and Technology China Agricultural University Department of Pathogenic Biology School of Basic Medical Sciences Southwest Medical University

Inulin has been used as a prebiotic to alleviate glucose and lipid metabolism disorders in mice and humans by modulating the gut microbiota. However, the mechanism underlying the alleviation of metabolic disorders by inulin through interactions between the gut microbiota and host cells is unclear. We use ob/ob mice as a model to study the effect of inulin on the cecal microbiota by16 S rRNA gene amplicon sequencing and its interaction with host cells by transcriptomics. The inulin-supplemented diet improved glucose and lipid metabolism disorder parameters in ob/ob mice,alleviating fat accumulation and glucose intolerance. The a diversity of gut microbial community of ob/ob mice was reduced after inulin treatment, while the b diversity tended to return to the level of wild type mice. Interestingly, Prevotellaceae UCG 001(family Prevotellaceae) was obviously enriched after inulin treatment. A comparative analysis of the gene expression profile showed that the cecal transcriptome was changed in leptin gene deficiency mice, whereas the inulin-supplemented diet partially reversed the changes in leptin gene-related signaling pathways, especially AMPK signaling pathway, where the levels of gene expression became comparable to those in wild type *** analysis indicated that Prevotellaceae UCG 001 was positively correlated with the AMPK signaling pathway, which was negatively correlated with markers of glycolipid metabolism disorders. Our results suggest that the inulin-supplemented diet alleviates glucose and lipid metabolism disorders by partially restoring leptin related pathways mediated by gut microbiota.

关键词： Prebiotics Gut microbiota Obesity Transcriptome Metabolic disorders

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Ruminal microbiota-host interaction and its effect on nutrient metabolism

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Animal Nutrition 2021年第1期7卷 49-55页

作者： Kaizhen Liu Yangdong Zhang Zhongtang Yu Qingbiao Xu Nan Zheng Shengguo Zhao Guoxin Huang Jiaqi Wang State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition Institute of Animal ScienceChinese Academy of Agricultural SciencesBeijingChina Department of Animal Sciences The Ohio State UniversityUSA College of Animal Sciences and Technology Huazhong Agricultural UniversityWuhanChina

Rumen microbiota has a close and intensive interaction with the *** residing in the rumen digests and ferments plant organic matters into nutrients that are subsequently utilized by the host,making ruminants a unique group of animals that can convert plant materials indigestible by humans into high-quality animal protein as meat and *** studies using meta-omics technologies have demonstrated the relationships between rumen microbiome and animal phenotypes associated with nutrient ***,the causality and physiological mechanisms underpinning the host-microbiota interactions have attracted tremendous research interest among *** review discusses the host-microbiota interactions and the factors affecting these interactions in ruminants and provides a summary of the advances in research on animal *** the microbiota composition,the functions of key bacteria,and the host-microbiota interaction is crucial for the development of knowledge-based strategies to enhance animal productivity and host health.

关键词： microbiota Host-microbiota interaction Meta-omics Nutrient metabolism Productivity

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Hermetia illucens larvae as a potential dietary protein source altered the microbiota and modulated mucosal immune status in the colon of finishing pigs

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Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2019年第4期10卷 990-1004页

作者： Miao Yu Zhenming Li Weidong Chen Ting Rong Gang Wang Xianyong Ma Institute of Animal Science Guangdong Academy of Agricultural SciencesGuangzhou 510640GuangdongPeople’s Republic of China State Key Laboratory of Livestock and Poultry Breeding Guangzhou 510640GuangdongPeople’s Republic of China Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition and Feed Science in South China Ministry of AgricultureGuangdong Public Laboratory of Animal Breeding and NutritionGuangzhou 510640GuangdongPeople’s Republic of China Guangdong Engineering Technology Research Center of animal Meat quality and Safety Control and Evaluation Guangzhou 510640GuangdongPeople’s Republic of China

Background: Insects, such as Hermetia illucens larvae, are rich in chitin and proteins, and represent a suitable feed ingredient replacement for animals. However, little is known about the effect of administering H. illucens larvae on intestinal microbiota, bacterial metabolite profiles, and mucosal immune status in animals. This study aimed to investigate the effects of administering H. illucens larvae on colonic microbiota and bacterial metabolites production in finishing pigs. Seventy-two crossbred(Duroc × Landrace × Large White) female pigs(initial body weight, 76.0 ± 0.52 kg) were randomly allocated to three different dietary treatments: a control diet(Control group) and two diets corresponding to 4%(H1 group) and 8%(H2 group) H. illucens larvae inclusion levels, respectively. Each treatment consisted of eight pens(replicates), with three pigs per pen. After 46 days of feeding, eight pigs per treatment(n =8) were slaughtered, and the colonic digesta and mucosa were collected for microbial composition and microbial fermentation products, and genes expression ***: The results showed that the H1 diet significantly increased the abundance of Lactobacillus,Pseudobutyrivibrio, Roseburia, and Faecalibacterium compared with those in the control group(P < 0.05), with a decrease in the abundance of Streptococcus. The numbers of Lactobacillus, Roseburia, and Clostridium cluster XIVa were significantly greater in the H1 group than in the control group(P < 0.05). Meanwhile, H2 diet increased the number of Clostridium cluster XIVa compared with the control group(P < 0.05). For colonic metabolites, total short chain fatty acids, butyrate, and isobutyrate concentrations were significantly higher in the H1 group than those in the control group(P < 0.05);the H1 treatment caused a striking decrease in protein fermentation compared with the control group, as the concentrations of total amines, cadaverine, tryptamine, phenol, p-cresol, and skatole were significantly lo

关键词： Colon Finishing pigs Hermetia illucens larvae Immune status Microbial metabolites microbiota

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Washed microbiota transplantation *** fecal microbiota transplantation:clinical findings,animal studies and in vitro screening

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Protein & Cell 2020年第4期11卷 251-266页

作者： Ting Zhang Gaochen Lu Zhe Zhao Yafei Liu Quan Shen Pan Li Yaoyao Chen Haoran Yin Huiquan Wang Cicilia Marcella Bota Cui Lei Cheng Guozhong Ji Faming Zhang Medical Center for Digestive Diseases The Second Affiliated Hospital of Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210011China Key Lab of Holistic Integrative Enterology Nanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 210011China Tianjin Key Laboratory of Optoelectronic Detection Technology and Systems Tianjin 300387China Department of Microbiology School of MedicineJiangsu UniversityZhenjiang 212013China Biogas Institute of Ministry of Agriculture and Rural Affairs Chengdu 610041China Center for Anaerobic Microbial Resources of Sichuan Province Chengdu 610041China Division of Microbiotherapy Sir Run Run Shaw HospitalNanjing Medical UniversityNanjing 211166China

Fecal microbiota transplantation(FMT)by manual preparation has been applied to treat diseases for thousands of ***,this method still endures safety risks and challenges the psychological endurance and acceptance of doctors,patients and *** evidence showed the washed microbiota preparation with microfiltration based on an automatic purification system followed by repeated centrifugation plus suspension for three times significantly reduced FMT-related adverse *** washing preparation makes delivering a precise dose of the enriched microbiota feasible,instead of using the weight of *** injection in mice with the fecal microbiota supernatant obtained after repeated centrifugation plus suspension for three times induced less toxic reaction than that by the first centrifugation following the *** toxic reactions that include death,the change in the level of peripheral white blood cells,and the proliferation of germinal center in secondary lymphoid follicles in spleen were *** metagenomic next-generation sequencing(NGS)indicated the increasing types and amount of viruses could be washed out during the washing *** analysis indicated metabolites with pro-inflammatory effects in the fecal microbiota supernatant such as leukotriene B4,corticosterone,and prostaglandin G2 could be removed by repeated ***-infrared absorption spectroscopy could be served as a rapid detection method to control the quality of the *** conclusion,this study for the first time provides evidence linking clinical findings and animal experiments to support that washed microbiota transplantation(WMT)is safer,more precise and more quality-controllable than the crude FMT by manual.

关键词： fecal microbiota transplantation washed microbiota transplantation adverse event safety infection virus metabolomics spectroscopy transplant

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