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Application of systems engineering for development of multifunctional metro systems:Case study on the fifth metro line of the Lyon metro,France

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Underground Space 2021年第1期6卷 24-34页

作者： Nicolas Ziv Andrea Kindinis Jeremie Simon Christophe Gobin Universite Paris-Est Institut de Recherche en ConstructibiliteESTPF-94230 CachanFrance Egis Rail 170 Avenue ThiersF-69006 LyonFrance

Several studies,from both the private sector(McKinsey,Engie,and EY)and international organizations(OECD,World Bank,and IMF),have shown that urban population in cities will grow in the coming decades.This growth implies an increased pressure on all urban networks-transporting people,goods,water,waste,electricity,information,heat,and so on.These functions are executed by urban infrastructures entailing huge investments.We have dedicated our research to the optimization of infrastructures and more precisely of metro systems to offer global solutions to fulfill city needs-the multifunctional metro.The innovative multifunctional metro system incorporates several other urban networks—optical fiber,high-voltage electric cables,water and sewage pipes,geothermal piles,pneumatic systems,merchandise shuttles,and many others depending on the context of each project.The aim of the multifunctional metro is to meet several needs of cities with one common infrastructure.Adding a function to a system increases its complexity.For this reason,we focus our research on the application of methods that allow better management of the complexity:systems engineering applied to infrastructures.In the first part of the paper,we will present a benchmark of multipurpose infrastructures across the world and the benefits of such a system for cities.In the second part,we will present and illustrate the concept of the multifunctional metro.Next,we will present the method based on systems engineering to analyse multifunctional systems.Finally,the concept of a multifunctional metro is illustrated with a case study on the future fifth metro line of Lyon,France.In conclusion,we will discuss the current barriers for the development of multifunctional infrastructures.

关键词： Multifunctionality Systems engineering Infrastructure Underground metro

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Deformation characteristics and safety assessment of a high-speed railway induced by undercutting metro tunnel excavation

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Journal of Rock Mechanics and Geotechnical Engineering 2019年第1期11卷 88-98页

作者： Wangping Qian Taiyue Qi Yunjian Zhao Yizhou Le Haiyang Yi Key Laboratory of Transportation Tunnel Engineering Ministry of Education Southwest Jiaotong University School of Civil Engineering Southwest Jiao tong University China Railway Design Corporation China Changjiang Construction Investment Corp.Ltd. North China Institute of Science and Technology

Stratum deformation(settlement) is a challenging issue in tunnel engineering, especially when construction of metro tunnels has to undercut high-speed railway. For this purpose, we used the FLAC30 software to analyze the stratum settlement characteristics of high-speed railway at different crossing angles intersected by metro tunnel, in terms of ground settlement trough, stratum slip line and irregularity of ballastless tracks. According to the evolution of the stratum settlement at different angle regions, an optimized angle is proposed for the actual project design. In order to reduce the influence of stratum settlement on the safety of high-speed railway, an approach of safety assessment is proposed for the shield engineering undercutting high-speed railway, as per Chinese specifications using numerical results and on-site conditions. A case study is conducted for the shield tunnel section crossing the Wuhan-Guangzhou High-speed Railway between the Guangzhou North Railway Station and the Huacheng Road Station, which represents the first metro tunnel project passing below a high-speed railway in China. A series of measures is taken to ensure the safe excavation of the shield tunnel and the operation of the high-speed railway. The results can provide a technical support for performing a safety evaluation between high-speed railways and metro tunnels.

关键词： metro tunnel excavation High-speed railway Settlement characteristics Safety assessment Numerical simulation Case application

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Evaluation of the effect of using fiber reinforcement in tunnel linings for metro projects

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Underground Space 2021年第6期6卷 732-750页

作者： Mucahit Namli Department of Civil Engineering Istanbul Medeniyet UniversityUskudar/IstanbulTurkey

metro(subway)is an advanced public transport infrastructure system in urban areas with high capacity.The traffic operation of a metro is not affected by other vehicle traffic thanks to underground tunnels.With these benefits metro lines are preferred to solve the traffic problem in urbanized cities such as Istanbul,which is the focus of this study.metro projects require huge amounts of budgets to be built.Putting these projects into service in targeted time is of great importance.The objective of this study is to minimize total metro construction project time by utilizing fiber reinforcement in tunnel linings.In this research,using fiber reinforcement to construct primary(initial)tunnel linings and secondary(final)tunnel linings of the metro projects are analyzed in terms of project duration.After comparison of two railway tunnel projects,evaluations and observations of a completed metro project revealed that using fiber reinforcement for either the primary lining or the final lining of tunnels reduces construction time of metro station tunnels by 25%.In addition,using fiber reinforcement to construct both the final lining and the primary lining of tunnels reduces construction time of the metro station tunnels and the whole metro project by 47% and 22%,respectively.The results of this study can be useful for completing challenging metro projects and putting it into service within the targeted time.

关键词： metro Tunnel Tunnel linings Shotcrete Fiber Reinforced Shotcrete Tunnel Boring Machines

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Process and Modeling of Unsafe Behaviors Early Warning in metro Construction

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Wuhan University Journal of Natural Sciences 2020年第1期25卷 12-18页

作者： XIE Yi LIU Bingrui BAI Jinyu LIU Jia School of Traffic and Transportation Engineering Changsha University of Science&TechnologyChangsha 410076HunanChina School of Information and Safety Engineering Zhongnan University of Economics and LawWuhan 430073HubeiChina

Safety accidents occure frequently during metro construction, which are mainly caused by human factors, and the incidence of accidents can be increased due to the overlap of human factors and physical factors. The human factors are taken as breakthrough to make early warning for the human insecurity factors in the metro construction, which can effectively reduce the occurrence of safety accidents. This paper proposes the principle of total monitoring and early-warning management. The unsafe behaviors in metro construction when approaching the hazardous area and non-standard safety prevention measures are analyzed to design and model the early warning process of unsafe behaviors in metro construction. Finally, the model is analyzed and verified using actual examples.

关键词： metro construction unsafe behavior early warning modeling

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Investigation into the Vibration of metro Bogies Induced by Rail Corrugation

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Chinese Journal of Mechanical Engineering 2017年第1期30卷 93-102页

作者： LING Liang LI Wei FOO Elbert WU Lei WEN Zefeng JIN Xuesong State Key Laboratory of Traction Power Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China College of Engineering Boston UniversityBoston 02215USA School of Mechanical Engineering Southwest Jiaotong UniversityChengdu 610031China

The current research of rail corrugation mainly focuses on the mechanisms of its formation and development. Compared with the root causes and development mechanisms, the wheel-rail impacts, the fatigue failure of vehicle-track parts, and the loss of ride comfort due to rail corrugation should also be taken into account. However, the influences of rail corrugation on vehicle and track vibration, and failure of vehicle and track structural parts are barely discussed in the literature. This paper presents an experimental and numerical investigation of the structural vibration of metro bogies caused by rail corrugation. Extensive experiments are conducted to investigate the effects of short-pitch rail corrugation on the vibration accelerations of metro bogies. A dynamic model of a metro vehicle coupled with a concrete track is established to study the influence of rail corrugation on the structural vibration of metro bogies. The field test results indicate that the short-pitch rail corrugation generates strong vibrations on the axle-boxes and the bogie frames, therefore, accelerates the fatigue failure of the bogie components. The numerical results show that short-pitch rail corrugation may largely reduce the fatigue life of the coil spring, and improving the damping value of the primary vertical dampers is likely to reduce the strong vibration induced by short-pitch rail corrugation. This research systematically studies the effect of rail corrugation on the vibration of metro bogies and proposes some remedies for mitigating strong vibrations of metro bogies and reducing the incidence of failure in primary coil springs, which would be helpful in developing new metro bogies and track maintenance procedures.

关键词： metro bogie rail corrugation vibration coil spring fatigue failure

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Study on Optimization of Passenger Flow at a metro Station Based on AnyLogic-Case Study of Youfangqiao Station of Nanjing metro Line 2

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Complex System Modeling and Simulation 2021年第3期1卷 242-252页

作者： Weihong Ni Jiahao Yu Hong Cai Meimei Bai Bin Wu the School of Economics and Management Nanjing Tech UniversityNanjing 211800China the Nanjing metro Operation Co. Ltd.Nanjing 210000China

In this study,simulation software AnyLogic was used to establish a station simulation model for a metro line.First,a basic model of the environment of the metro station was drawn,and accordingly,reasonable assumptions and simplifications were proposed.Then,a diagram of the passenger walking path was created and the simulation variables and functions for passenger flow management were designed.Considering Youfangqiao Station of Nanjing metro Line 2 in China as an example,the real passenger flow data of this station were statistically analyzed.To simulate the station passenger flow management,input parameters such as the passenger space diameter,passenger flow generation rate,delay rate of automatic fare collection equipment and security check machine,and the number of gates were considered.Passenger flow management was optimized for the morning and evening peak periods,and reasonable suggestions were proposed based on the optimization results,providing a theoretical basis for the construction planning and pre-evaluation of station operation capacities of urban rail transit systems.

关键词： metro passenger flow management pedestrian AnyLogic

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Effect of Crowding in metro Carriages on Travelers’ Disutility: An Evidence from Guangzhou metro

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2020年第2期27卷 36-45页

作者： Jianrong Liu School of Civil Engineering and Transportation South China University of TechnologyGuangzhou 510641China

Overcrowding has become a non negligible issue for metros in China.This paper analyzes the impact of crowding in metro carriages on people’s travel behaviors based on the stated preference survey data from college students and full time workers in Guangzhou.The data were analyzed by using the constant value per trip model and the travel time multiplier model with the multinomial logit modeling technique.Results show that there is a significant impact of crowding in metro carriages on passengers’welfare.The relationship between the disutility of crowding and the standee density is not linear.Commuters do not care much about crowding in the metro,whereas non commuters and college students pay special attention to crowding in metro carriages,especially when the carriage is crowded.This paper presents new findings of the impact of demographic characteristics on the evaluation of crowding in metro carriages in developing countries.

关键词： crowding standee density stated preference disutility metro

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Generating route choice sets with operation information on metro networks

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Journal of Traffic and Transportation Engineering(English Edition) 2016年第3期3卷 243-252页

作者： Wei Zhu Ruihua Xu College of Transportation Engineering Tongji University Key Laboratory of Road and Traffic Engineering of Ministry of Education Tongji University

In recent years, the metro system has advanced into an efficient transport system and become the mainstay of urban passenger transport in many mega-cities. Passenger flow is the foundation of making and coordinating operation plans for the metro system, and therefore, a variety of studies were conducted on transit assignment models. Nevertheless route choice sets of passengers also play a paramount role in flow estimation and demand prediction. This paper first discusses the main route constraints of which the train schedule is the most important, that distinguish rail networks from road networks. Then, a two-step approach to generate route choice set in a metro network is proposed. Particu- larly, the improved approach introduces a route filtenng with train operational information based on the conventional method. An initial numerical test shows that the proposed approach gives more reasonable route choice sets for scheduled metro networks, and, consequently, obtains more accurate results from passenger flow assignment. Recommendations for possible opportunities to apply this approach to metro operations are also provided, including its integration into a metro passenger flow assignment and simulation system in practice to help metro authorities provide more precise guidance information for passengers to travel.

关键词： metro Route choice set Train operation information Generation approach Two-step approach

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Exploring the Evolution of Passenger Flow and Travel Time Reliability with the Expanding Process of metro System Using Smartcard Data

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Journal of Harbin Institute of Technology(New Series) 2019年第1期26卷 17-29页

作者： Xinwei Ma Yanjie Ji Yao Fan Chenyu Yi School of Transportation Southeast University

metro system has experienced the global rapid rise over the past decades. However,few studies have paid attention to the evolution in system usage with the network expanding. The paper's main objectives are to analyze passenger flow characteristics and evaluate travel time reliability for the Nanjing metro network by visualizing the smart card data of April 2014,April 2015 and April 2016. We performed visualization techniques and comparative analyses to examine the changes in system usage between before and after the system expansion. Specifically,workdays,holidays and weekends were specially segmented for analysis.Results showed that workdays had obvious morning and evening peak hours due to daily commuting,while no obvious peak hours existed in weekends and holidays and the daily traffic was evenly distributed. Besides,some metro stations had a serious directional imbalance,especially during the morning and evening peak hours of workdays. Serious unreliability occurred in morning peaks on workdays and the reliability of new lines was relatively low,meanwhile,new stations had negative effects on exiting stations in terms of reliability. Monitoring the evolution of system usage over years enables the identification of system performance and can serve as an input for improving the metro system quality.

关键词： metro expansion smart card data passenger flow characteristics travel time reliability visualization

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Study on the optimal operation mode of ventilation system during metro double-island platform fire

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Building Simulation 2021年第3期14卷 779-792页

作者： Zeng Long Yuxuan Yang Chang Liu Maohua Zhong Institute of Public Safety Research Department of Engineering PhysicsTsinghua UniversityBeijing 700084China Beijing Key Laboratory of City Integrated Emergency Response Science Beijing 700084China

Large metro transfer stations have been widely constructed in China,among which the double-island station faces the serious fire safety issues owing to its large passenger flow.In this paper,simulation cases were carried out to investigate the effectiveness of different ventilation modes by jointly operating tunnel ventilation fan(TVF)and platform screen doors(PSD)under two typical fire scenarios in the platform.The numerical model was established by Fire Dynamics Simulator software and verified via reduced-scale model experiments.The results indicate that the TVF mode of supplying at the end near fire and exhausting at the other end is superior to that of exhausting at both ends.Besides,activating more PSD and TVF on the both sides of platform will restrict smoke in one end to the greater extent.During a fire in the middle of the platform,opening all PSD near tunnel-2 and TVF in tunnel-2 and tunnel-3 is the most appropriate mode.While during a fire at the left end of the platform,activating all PSD and TVF on both sides is the optimal operation mode.The conclusions can provide guidance for smoke control design and on-site emergency ventilation operation in double-island platform fire.

关键词： metro double-island platform fire ventilation mode numerical simulation model experiment

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