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The maximum temperatures （Tmax） Distribution on the Body Surface of Sport Horses

Journal of Life Sciences 2011年第4期5卷 291-297页

作者： Ewa Jodkowska Krzysztof Dudek Maciej Przewozny Department of Horse Breeding and Riding Wroctaw University of Environmental and Life Sciences Wroctaw 51-631 Poland Institute of Machines Design and Operation Technical University of Wroctaw Wroetaw 50-231 Poland Equi Vet Serwis Buk 64-320 Poland

The objective of the study was to determine the usefulness of measuring maximum temperatures in designated regions of a healthy horse＇s body surface. Thermographic investigations （Thermovision〉550, FLIR） were carried out on 35 horses from 6 to 16 years old participating in show jumping competitions. The rectal temperatures of the horses were in the range 37.5-38.2 ℃. The research was performed in a stable, the ambient temperature （Tab） of which was 14℃ with a humidity （φ） of 60%. Thermograms of the left and right side of the horses were obtained. Each thermogram consisted of 36 body surface regions （before the competition） and 25 regions （immediately after the competition）. The maximum temperature ranges at rest were 21.8 ℃-31.0℃ and symmetrical regions did not differ statistically （P 〉 0.05）. The highest temperatures were on the head, neck and trunk, the lowest-on the limbs. The hind legs were warmer than the front legs in analogous areas, with the exception of the gaskin and forearm. The warmest body areas had the largest surface area, which is indicative of their crucial role in the thermoregulation of the equine organism. The research results may therefore be useful in veterinary diagnosis. The range of maximum temperatures after the competitions was 25.2℃-34.2℃. The highest increment was observed at the breast, elbow, forearm and gaskin, the lowest-at the head, pastern and hoof （foreand hind limbs）. Research regarding body surface temperature after exercise does not have diagnostic value for veterinarians because ＂warming-up＂ certain parts of body surface masks inflammation.

关键词： Horses thermographic research maximum temperatures body surface.

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ON CHANGES OF CHINA'S maximum AND MINIMUM temperatures IN 1951——1990

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Acta meteorologica Sinica 1999年第3期13卷 278-290页

作者：翟盘茂任福民 National Climate Center Beijing 100081

Based on China's observational data in 1951-1990,after minimizing the possible biases caused by station relocation and urban heat island,the spatial and temporal distributions of trends for maximum and minimum temperatures are *** results show that increasing trends of maximum temperatures are in the areas west to 95°E,and north to the Huanghe(Yellow)River, while decreasing trends exist in eastern China south to the Yellow *** temperatures are generally increasing throughout China,with dominant warming trends at the higher latitudes. This resulted in very obvious decreasing trends in diurnal temperature ranges. The periodic cycles are consistent between the maximum and minimum temperatures,but asymmetric trends are very *** significant increase of minimum(nighttime)temperatures reflects the evidence of enhancement of greenhouse *** analysis shows that the changes of maximum and minimum temperatures are mainly related to sunshine duration and atmospheric water vapor content.

关键词： maximum temperatures minimum temperatures change

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