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Protein trafficking in plant cells:tools and markers

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Science China(Life Sciences) 2020年第3期63卷 343-363页

作者： Dongmei Zhu Mengdi Zhang Caiji Gao Jinbo Shen State Key Laboratory of Subtropical Silviculture Zhejiang A&F UniversityHangzhou 311300China Guangdong Provincial Key Laboratory of Biotechnology for Plant Development School of Life SciencesSouth China Normal University(SCNU)Guangzhou 510631.China

Eukaryotic cells consist of numerous membrane-bound organelles,which compartmentalize cellular materials to fulfil a variety of vital functions.In the post-genomic era,it is widely recognized that identification of the subcellular organelle localization and transport mechanisms of the encoded proteins are necessary for a fundamental understanding of their biological functions and theorganization of cellular activity.Multiple experimental approaches are now available to determine the subcellular localizations and dynamics of proteins.In this review,we provide an overview of the current methods and organelle markers for protein subcellular localization and trafficking studies in plants,with a focus on the organelles of the endomembrane system.We also discuss the limitations of each method in terms of protein colocalization studies.

关键词： protein subcellular localization organelle markers endomembrane system

Are CD45RO^(+)and CD45RA^(-)genuine markers for bovine memory T cells?

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Animal Diseases 2022年第4期2卷 213-221页

作者： Kandel Anmol Hada Akanksha Xiao Zhengguo Department of Animal and Avian Sciences Universityof MarylandCollege ParkMD 20742USA

Effective vaccination in duces memory T cells,which protect the host against pathogen re-infecti ons.Therefore,detection of memory T cells is essential for evaluating vaccine efficacy,which was originally dependent on cytokine induction assays.Currently,two isoforms of CD45 tyrosine phosphatase,CD45RO expression and CD45RA exclusion(CD45RO^(+)/CD45RA^(-)) are used extensively for detecting memory T cells in cattle.The CD45RO^(+)/CD45RA^(-) markers were first established in humans around three decades ago,and were adopted in cattle soon after.However,in the last two decades,some published data in humans have challenged the initial paradigm,and required multiple markers for identifying memoryT cells.On the contrary,memoryT cell detection in cattle still mostly relies on CD45RO^(+)/CD45RA^(-)despite some con troversial evidence.In this review,we summarized the current literature to exami ne if CD45RO^(+)/CD45RA^(-)are valid markers for detecting memoryT cells in cattle.It seems CD45RA and CD45RO(CD45RA/RO)as markers for identifyi ng bovine memoryT cells are questi on able.

关键词： Cattle Memory markers T cells CD45RO CD45RA Vaccines Cytokines

Relationship between Maternal PBMC HBV cccDNA and HBV Serological markers and its Effect on HBV Intrauterine Transmission

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Biomedical and Environmental Sciences 2019年第5期32卷 315-323页

作者： WANG Dan Dan YI Lin Zhu WU Li Na YANG Zhi Qing HAO Hai Yun SHI Xiao Hong WANG Bo FENG Shu Ying FENG Yong Liang WANG Su Ping Department of Epidemiology Shanxi Medical UniversityTaiyuan 030001ShanxiChina Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology the Third People’s Hospital of Taiyuan CityTaiyuan 030001ShanxiChina

Objective To investigate the relationship between maternal peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMC) hepatitis B virus(HBV) covalenty closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid(cccDNA) and other HBV serological markers and its effects on HBV intrauterine transmission. Methods We enrolled 290 newborns and their hepatitis B surface antigen(HBsAg) positive mothers. HBV cccDNA in PBMC and HBV DNA in serum were detected by a real‐time PCR‐TaqM an probe while HBV serological markers were detected with an electrochemiluminescence immunoassay. Results There was a positive correlation between the levels of PBMC HBV cccD NA and serum HBV DNA and HBeA g(r = 0.436 and 0.403, P markers could be combined with PBMC‐related markers in prenatal testing.

关键词： Hepatitis B virus Intrauterine transmission Peripheral blood mononuclear cells Covalently closed circular deoxyribonucleic acid Serological markers

Genetic and clinical markers for predicting treatment responsiveness in rheumatoid arthritis

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Frontiers of Medicine 2019年第4期13卷 411-419页

作者： Xin Wu Xiaobao Sheng Rong Sheng Hongjuan Lu Huji Xu Department of Rheumatology and Immunology Shanghai Changzheng Hospital the Second Military Medical University Shanghai 200003 China School ofEconomics and Management Tongji University Shanghai 200092 China The Third Research Institute of the Ministry of Public Security Shanghai 200031 China Beijing Tsinghua Changgung Hospital School of Clinical Medicine Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China Peking-Tsingh ua Center for Life Sciences Tsinghua University Beijing 100084 China

Although many drugs and therapeutic strategies have been developed for rheumatoid arthritis (RA) treatment, numerous patients with RA fail to respond to currently available agents. In this review, we provide an overview of the complexity of this autoimmune disease by showing the rapidly increasing number of genes associated with RA. We then systematically review various factors that have a predictive value (predictors) for the response to different drugs in RA treatment, especially recent advances. These predictors include but are certainly not limited to genetic variations, clinical factors, and demographic factors. However, no clinical application is currently available. This review also describes the challenges in treating patients with RA and the need for personalized medicine. At the end of this review, we discuss possible strategies to enhance the prediction of drug responsiveness in patients with RA.

关键词： rheumatoid arthritis gene clinical markers therapy

Screening of long non-coding RNAs markers in plasma of children with chronic gastritis

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Chronic Diseases and Translational Medicine 2020年第1期6卷 62-68页

作者： Gu Zhen Shen Hua-Qin Fu Pei-Hua Chen Mei Department of Pediatrics Shanghai Pudong New District Zhoupu HospitalShanghai 201318China

Objective::The study aimed to detect and analyze long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs) in plasma of children diagnosed with chronic gastritis, and to explore its biological functions and involved signaling pathways.Methods::The plasma samples were collected from six children that were diagnosed with chronic gastritis by physical examination, gastroscopy, and pathological examination and six healthy children. The plasma samples were assayed for determining the expression profiles of lncRNA based upon the gen chip detection. The specific expression of lcnRNA in plasma of children with chronic gastritis was analyzed and its biological functions were speculated.Results::Five lncRNAs ( RP11-697M17.1, RP11-388M20.9, AFAP1-AS1, BC062758, and XLOC001406) were significantly upregulated, and five lncRNAs ( UNQ697, BX571672.5, CYP4F35P, ANKRD20A5P, and AL832737) were observed to be significantly down-regulated. The lncRNAs RP11-697M17.1, and UNQ697 were detected with the highest up-regulation and down-regulation, respectively. The Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) pathway enrichment analysis showed that the up-regulated lncRNAs were significantly enriched in 20 signaling pathways such as phosphoinositide-3-kinase-protein kinase B (PI3K-Akt) pathway, and the down-regulated lncRNAs target genes were significantly enriched in 20 signaling pathways such as the metabolic pathway. Conclusion::The analysis of the lncRNA expression profiles in plasma of children with chronic gastritis revealed that the lncRNA RP11-697M17.1, and lncRNA UNQ697 may act as plasma markers for predicting chronic gastritis in children.

关键词： RP11-697M17.1 UNQ697 Chronic gastritis Plasma markers

Liver stiffness and serum markers for excluding high-risk varices in patients who do not meet Baveno VI criteria

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2019年第35期25卷 5323-5333页

作者： Hong Zhou Jun Long Han Hu Cai-Yun Tian Shi-De Lin Department of Infectious Diseases Affiliated Hospital of Zunyi Medical University Zunyi 563003 Guizhou Province China Department of Infectious Diseases Suining Central Hospital Suining 629000 Sichuan Province China

BACKGROUND The Baveno VI criteria for predicting esophageal varices, i.e., liver stiffness measurement (LSM) 150 × 109/L, identify patients who can safely avoid gastroscopy screening. However, they require further refinement. AIM To evaluate the utility of LSM and serum markers of liver fibrosis in ruling out high-risk varices (HRV) in patients who do not meet Baveno VI criteria. METHODS Data from 132 patients with hepatitis B virus (HBV)-related compensated liver cirrhosis who did not meet the Baveno VI criteria were retrospectively reviewed. MedCalc 15.8 was used to calculate receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves, and the accuracy of LSM, PLT count, aspartate aminotransferase (AST)- to-PLT ratio index, Fibrosis-4, and the Lok index in predicting HRV were evaluated according to the area under each ROC curve (AUROC). The utility of LSM, PLT, and serum markers of liver fibrosis stratified by alanine transaminase (ALT) and total bilirubin (TBil) levels was evaluated for ruling out HRV. RESULTS In all patients who did not meet the Baveno VI criteria, the independent risk factors for HRV were LSM and ALT. Only the AUROC of Lok index was above 0.7 for predicting HRV, and at a cutoff value of 0.4531 it could further spare 24.2% of gastroscopies without missing HRVs. The prevalence of HRV was significantly lower in patients with ALT or TBil ≥ 2 upper limit of normal (ULN)(14.3%) than in patients with both ALT and TBil 100 × 109/L further spared 39.6% and 43.9% of gastroscopies, respectively, without missing HRVs. CONCLUSION In HBV-related compensated cirrhosis patients who do not meet Baveno VI criteria, the LSM, PLT, or Lok index cutoff stratified by ALT

关键词： Baveno VI Esophageal varices Liver cirrhosis Liver stiffness measurement Serum markers of liver fibrosis

Microbial markers in colorectal cancer detection and/or prognosis

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2018年第22期24卷 2327-2347页

作者： Romain Villéger Amélie Lopès Julie Veziant Johan Gagnière Nicolas Barnich Elisabeth Billard Delphine Boucher Mathilde Bonnet Université Clermont Auvergne Research Biologics Sanofi R&D Chirurgie digestive Centre Hospitalier Universitaire Université Clermont Auvergne Institut Universitaire de Technologie de Clermont-Ferrand

Colorectal cancer(CRC) is the second leading cause of cancer worldwide. CRC is still associated with a poor prognosis among patients with advanced disease. On the contrary, due to its slow progression from detectable precancerous lesions, the prognosis for patients with early stages of CRC is encouraging. While most robust methods are invasive and costly, actual patient-friendly screening methods for CRC suffer of lack of sensitivity and specificity. Therefore, the development of sensitive, non-invasive and cost-effective methods for CRC detection and prognosis are necessary for increasing the chances of a cure. Beyond its beneficial functions for the host, increasing evidence suggests that the intestinal microbiota is a key factor associated with carcinogenesis. Many clinical studies have reported a disruption in the gut microbiota balance and an alteration in the faecal metabolome of CRC patients, suggesting the potential use of a microbialbased test as a non-invasive diagnostic and/or prognostic tool for CRC screening. This review aims to discuss the microbial signatures associated with CRC known to date, including dysbiosis and faecal metabolome alterations, andthe potential use of microbial variation markers for noninvasive early diagnosis and/or prognostic assessment of CRC and advanced adenomas. We will finally discuss the possible use of these markers as predicators for treatment response and their limitations.

关键词： Colorectal cancer microbiota F.nucleatum Colibactin-producing E.coli prognostic markers diagnostic markers dysbiosis

markers of insulin resistance in Polycystic ovary syndrome women:An update

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World Journal of Diabetes 2022年第3期13卷 129-149页

作者： Chantal Anifa Amisi Endocrinology and Diabetes Unit Department of MedicineUniversita Campus Bio-medico di RomeRome 00128Italy

Polycystic ovary syndrome(PCOS)is one of the most common endocrine disorders,affecting 5%-10%of women of reproductive age.The importance of this syndrome lies in the magnitude of associated comorbidities:infertility,metabolic dysfunction,cardiovascular disease(CVD),plus psychological and oncological complications.Insulin resistance(IR)is a prominent feature of PCOS with a prevalence of 35%-80%.Without adequate management,IR with compensatory hyperinsulinemia contributes directly to reproductive dysfunction in women with PCOS.Furthermore,epidemiological data shows compelling evidence that PCOS is associated with an increased risk of impaired glucose tolerance,gestational diabetes mellitus and type 2 diabetes.In addition,metabolic dysfunction leads to a risk for CVD that increases with aging in women with PCOS.Indeed,the severity of IR in women with PCOS is associated with the amount of abdominal obesity,even in lean women with PCOS.Given these drastic implications,it is important to diagnose and treat insulin resistance as early as possible.Many markers have been proposed.However,quantitative assessment of IR in clinical practice remains a major challenge.The gold standard method for assessing insulin sensitivity is the hyperinsulinemic euglycemic glucose clamp.However,it is not used routinely because of the complexity of its procedure.Consequently,there has been an urgent need for surrogate markers of IR that are more applicable in large population-based epidemiological investigations.Despite this,many of them are either difficult to apply in routine clinical practice or useless for women with PCOS.Considering this difficulty,there is still a need for an accurate marker for easy,early detection and assessment of IR in women with PCOS.This review highlights markers of IR already used in women with PCOS,including new markers recently reported in literature,and it establishes a new classification for these markers.

关键词： markers Insulin resistance Polycystic ovary syndrome Emerging markers Impaired glucose tolerance

Polymorphic information and genetic diversity in Brassica speciesrevealed by RAPD markers

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BIOCELL 2020年第4期44卷 769-776页

作者： ALI RAZA ABU BAKR UMER FAROOQ WAQAR AHMAD KHAN AHSAN IQBAL SADETTINÇELİK MAHWISH ALI RAO SOHAIL AHMAD KHAN Centre of Agricultural Biochemistry and Biotechnology University of AgricultureFaisalabad38040Pakistan Department of Environmental Sciences COMSATS Institute of Information TechnologyVehari61170Pakistan Institute of Molecular Biology&Biotechnology Bahauddin Zakariya UniversityMultan66000Pakistan Department of Plant Breeding and Genetics University of AgricultureFaisalabad38040Pakistan Department of Forestry GençVocational SchoolBingol UniversityGenç-Bingol12500Turkey Department of Biological Sciences National University of Medical SciencesRawalpindi46000Pakistan Key Lab of Biology and Genetic Improvement of Oil Crops Oil Crops Research InstituteChinese Academy of Agricultural ScienceWuhan430062China

Randomly amplified polymorphic DNA(RAPD)is a tremendously convenient approach used to discriminate between Brassica species owing to its accuracy and speed.RAPD primers generate adequate genetic information that can be used in the primer-marker system.In this work,twenty RAPD-PCR based markers were executed to generate polymorphic data,like polymorphic information content(PIC),mean resolving power(MRP),resolving power(RP),effective multiplex ratio(EMR),and marker index(MI)for the first time and genetic distance among and between six Brassica species were calculated.Our results indicated that 20 primers produced a total of 231 scored band and generated 87%polymorphic bands.Average PIC,MRP,RP,MI,and EMR values were 0.088,0.65,6.7,0.78,and 8.9,respectively.PIC showed an overall negative correlation with MRP,RP,MI,and EMR,whereas MRP,RP,and EMR,were positively correlated with each other.Genetic identities ranged from 41.99%(between Brassica napus and Brassica oleracea)to 68.83%(between Brassica campestris and Brassica oleracea).Dendrogram results showed no clustering between species except between Brassica campestris and Brassica nigra.Nevertheless,these results will be helpful to acquire useful information about the markers and their use to determine the genomic structures of Brassica species.Further,based on genetic distance and polymorphic information,new hybrids can be developed for effective oilseed production.

关键词： Brassica Dendrogram DNA markers Genetic distance Gel electrophoresis Polymorphism