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Characterization of Formacell lignin Derived from Black Liquor as a Potential Green Additive for Advanced Biocomposites

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Journal of Renewable Materials 2023年第6期11卷 2865-2879页

作者： Sri Hidayati Eugenia Fonny Budiyanto Hadi Saputra Sutopo Hadi Apri Heri Iswanto Nissa Nurfajrin Solihat Petar Antov Lee Seng Hua Widya Fatriasari MohdSapuan Salit Agricultural Product Technology Department Faculty of AgricultureThe University of LampungJl.Sumantri Brojonegoro No.1Bandar LampungIndonesia Department of Forest Product Faculty of ForestryUniversitas Sumatera UtaraKampus USU Padang BulanNorth SumatraIndonesia JATI-Sumatran Forestry Analysis Study Center Jl.Tridharma Ujung No.1Kampus USUMedanNorth SumatraIndonesia Research Center for Biomass and Bioproducts National Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Jl.Raya BogorCibinongIndonesia Faculty of Forest Industry University of ForestrySofiaBulgaria Department of Wood Industry Faculty of Applied SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM)Cawangan Pahang Kampus JengkaLintasan SemarakBandar JengkaMalaysia Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest Products Universiti Putra MalaysiaSelangorMalaysia Research Collaboration Center for Marine Biomaterials Jl.Ir.SukarnoJatinangorSumedangWest JavaIndonesia Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research Centre Department of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangorMalaysia

Black liquor is obtained as a by-product of the pulping process,which is used to convert biomass into pulp by removing lignin,hemicelluloses and other extractives from wood to free cellulose fibers.lignin represents a major constituent in black liquor,with quantities varying from 20%to 30%,of which a very low share is used for manufacturing value-added products,while the rest is mainly burned for energy purposes,thus underestimating its great potential as a raw material.Therefore,it is essential to establish new isolation and extraction methods to increase lignin valorization in the development of bio-based chemicals.The aim of this research work was to determine the effect of KOH or ethanol concentration as an isolation agent on lignin yields and the chemical characteristics of lignin isolated from formacell black liquor of oil palm empty fruit bunch(OPEFB).Isolation of lignin was carried out using KOH with various concentrations ranging from 5%to 15%(w/v).Ethanol was also used to precipitate lignin from black liquor at concentrations varying from 5%to 30%(v/v).The results obtained showed that the addition of KOH solution at 12.5%and 15%concentrations resulted in better lignin yield and chemical properties of lignin,i.e.,pH values of 3.86 and 4.27,lignin yield of 12.78%and 14.95%,methoxyl content of 11.33%and 10.13%,and lignin equivalent weights of 476.25 and 427.03,respectively.Due to its phenolic structure and rich functional groups that are favorable for modifications,lignin has the potential to be used as a green additive in the development of advanced biocomposite products in various applications to replace current fossil fuel-based material,ranging from fillers,fire retardants,formaldehyde scavengers,carbon fibers,aerogels,and wood adhesives.

关键词： Formacell black liquor lignin properties KOH ethanol oil palm empty fruit bunch advanced biocomposite

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