Characterization of Formacell Lignin Derived from Black Liquor as a Potential Green Additive for Advanced Biocomposites
作者机构：Agricultural Product Technology DepartmentFaculty of AgricultureThe University of LampungJl.Sumantri Brojonegoro No.1Bandar LampungIndonesia Department of Forest ProductFaculty of ForestryUniversitas Sumatera UtaraKampus USU Padang BulanNorth SumatraIndonesia JATI-Sumatran Forestry Analysis Study CenterJl.Tridharma Ujung No.1Kampus USUMedanNorth SumatraIndonesia Research Center for Biomass and BioproductsNational Research and Innovation Agency(BRIN)Jl.Raya BogorCibinongIndonesia Faculty of Forest IndustryUniversity of ForestrySofiaBulgaria Department of Wood IndustryFaculty of Applied SciencesUniversiti Teknologi MARA(UiTM)Cawangan Pahang Kampus JengkaLintasan SemarakBandar JengkaMalaysia Institute of Tropical Forestry and Forest ProductsUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangorMalaysia Research Collaboration Center for Marine BiomaterialsJl.Ir.SukarnoJatinangorSumedangWest JavaIndonesia Advanced Engineering Materials and Composites Research CentreDepartment of Mechanical and Manufacturing EngineeringUniversiti Putra MalaysiaSelangorMalaysia
出 版 物：《Journal of Renewable Materials》 (可再生材料杂志（英文）)
年 卷 期：2023年第11卷第6期
页 面：2865-2879页
核心收录：
学科分类：0832[工学-食品科学与工程（可授工学、农学学位）] 0907[农学-林学] 08[工学] 0805[工学-材料科学与工程（可授工学、理学学位）] 082201[工学-制浆造纸工程] 0703[理学-化学] 0901[农学-作物学] 0822[工学-轻工技术与工程]
基 金：This work was also supported by the Project“Development,Properties,and Application of Eco-Friendly Wood-Based Composites”,No.HИC-Б-1145/04.2021,carried out at the University of Forestry,Sofia,Bulgaria.The authors would like to acknowledge the Fundamental Research Grant Scheme(FRGS 2018-1) Reference Code:FRGS/1/2018/WAB07/UPM/1 provided by the Ministry of Higher Education,Malaysia.
主 题：Formacell black liquor lignin properties KOH ethanol oil palm empty fruit bunch advanced biocomposite
摘 要：Black liquor is obtained as a by-product of the pulping process,which is used to convert biomass into pulp by removing lignin,hemicelluloses and other extractives from wood to free cellulose fibers.Lignin represents a major constituent in black liquor,with quantities varying from 20%to 30%,of which a very low share is used for manufacturing value-added products,while the rest is mainly burned for energy purposes,thus underestimating its great potential as a raw material.Therefore,it is essential to establish new isolation and extraction methods to increase lignin valorization in the development of bio-based chemicals.The aim of this research work was to determine the effect of KOH or ethanol concentration as an isolation agent on lignin yields and the chemical characteristics of lignin isolated from formacell black liquor of oil palm empty fruit bunch(OPEFB).Isolation of lignin was carried out using KOH with various concentrations ranging from 5%to 15%(w/v).Ethanol was also used to precipitate lignin from black liquor at concentrations varying from 5%to 30%(v/v).The results obtained showed that the addition of KOH solution at 12.5%and 15%concentrations resulted in better lignin yield and chemical properties of lignin,i.e.,pH values of 3.86 and 4.27,lignin yield of 12.78%and 14.95%,methoxyl content of 11.33%and 10.13%,and lignin equivalent weights of 476.25 and 427.03,respectively.Due to its phenolic structure and rich functional groups that are favorable for modifications,lignin has the potential to be used as a green additive in the development of advanced biocomposite products in various applications to replace current fossil fuel-based material,ranging from fillers,fire retardants,formaldehyde scavengers,carbon fibers,aerogels,and wood adhesives.
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