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The role of lactose in weanling pig nutrition:a literature and meta-analysis review

Journal of Animal Science and Biotechnology 2021年第2期12卷 462-478页

作者： Jinbiao Zhao Zeyu Zhang Shuai Zhang Greg Page Neil W.Jaworski State Key Laboratory of Animal Nutrition College of Animal Science and TechnologyChina Agricultural UniversityNo.2 Yuanmingyuan West RoadBeijing 100193China Trouw Nutrition Innovation Stationsstraat 773800AG AmersfoortNetherlands

lactose plays a crucial role in the growth performance of pigs at weaning because it is a palatable and easily digestible energy source that eases the transition from milk to solid ***,the digestibility of lactose declines after weaning due to a reduction in endogenous lactase activity in *** a result,some lactose may be fermented in the gastrointestinal tract of *** of lactose by intestinal microbiota yields lactic acid and volatile fatty acids,which may positively regulate the intestinal environment and microbiome,resulting in improved gastrointestinal health of weanling *** hypothesize that the prebiotic effect of lactose may play a larger role in weanling pig nutrition as the global feed industry strives to reduce antibiotic usage and pharmacological levels of zinc oxide and supra-nutritional levels of *** presented in this review indicates that high dietary lactose improves growth performance of piglets,as well as the growth of beneficial bacteria,particularly Lactobacillus,with the positive effects being more pronounced in the first 2 weeks after ***,the risk of post-weaning diarrhea may increase as pigs get older due to reduced lactase activity,high dietary lactose concentrations,and larger feed intakes,all of which may lead to excessive lactose fermentation in the intestine of the ***,dietary lactose levels exert different effects on growth performance and gastrointestinal physiological functions in different feeding phases of weanling ***,no formal recommendation of lactose for weanling pigs has been reported.A meta-analysis approach was used to determine that diets fed to swine should include 20%,15%,and 0 lactose from d 0-7,d 7-14,and d 14-35 post-weaning,***,sustainable swine production demands that economics must also be taken into account as lactose and lactose containing ingredients are ***,alternatives to lactose,so called“lactose equivalents

关键词： Growth performance Gut health Gut microbiota lactose lactose equivalents Weanling pig

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Management and treatment of lactose malabsorption

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World Journal of Gastroenterology 2006年第2期12卷 187-191页

作者： Massimo Montalto Valentina Curigliano Luca Santoro Monica Vastola Giovanni Cammarota Raffaele Manna Antonio Gasbarrini Giovanni Gasbarrini Department of Internal Medicine Catholic UniversityRomeItaly

lactose malabsorption is a very common condition characterized by intestinal lactase deficiency. Primary lactose malabsorption is an inherited deficit present in the majority of the world＇s population, while secondary hypolactasia can be the consequence of an intestinal disease. The presence of malabsorbed lactose in the colonic lumen causes gastrointestinal symptoms. The condition is known as lactose intolerance. In patients with lactase nonpersistence, treatment should be considered exclusively if intolerance symptoms are present. In the absence of guidelines, the common therapeutic approach tends to exclude milk and dairy products from the diet. However, this strategy may have serious nutritional disadvantages. Several studies have been carried out to find alternative approaches, such as exogenous β-galactosidase, yogurt and probiotics for their bacterial lactase activity, pharmacological and non pharmacological strategies that can prolong contact time between enzyme and substrate delaying gastrointestinal transit time, and chronic lactose ingestion to enhance colonic adaptation. In this review the usefulness of these approaches is discussed and a therapeutic management with a flow chart is proposed.

关键词： lactose Malabsorption Intolerance Therapy

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Enzymatic Regioselective Synthesis of Vinyl lactose Ester and Its Chemical Polymerization

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2002年第5期13卷 416-419页

作者： Qi WU Jian Yue FENG Chen Guo FENG De Shui LU Xian Fu LIN Department of Chemistry Zhejiang UniversityHangzhou 310027

Transesterification reaction of lactose with divinyladipate in pyridine catalyzed by an alkaline protease from Bacillus subtilis at 50C for 3 days gave 6-O-vinyladipoyl-lactose (yield 35%). Poly(6-O-vinyladipoyl-lactose) with Mn = 21,200, Mw = 32,900, Mw/Mn = 1.56 could be obtained by chemical polymerization. Poly(vinyl alcohol) containing lactose branch was biodegradable. After 6 days in aqueous buffer (PH 7), this alkaline protease could degrade the polymer to an Mn of ca. 2100, Mw/Mn = 2.56.

关键词： Regioselectivity vinyl ester lactose alkaline protease polymerization.

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Osteryoung square wave voltammetric determination of lactose in food samples by a derivative procedure

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Chinese Chemical Letters 2008年第12期19卷 1491-1494页

作者： Yong Nian Ni Yue Rong Wang Serge Kokot State Key Laboratory of Food Science and Technology Nanchang University Nanchang 330047 China Department of Chemistry Nanchang University Nanchang 330031 China School of Physical and Chemical Sciences Queensland University of Technology Brisbane 4001 Australia

A method for determination of lactose in food samples by Osteryoung square wave voltammetry （OSWV） was developed. It was based on the nucleophilic addition reaction between lactose and aqua ammonia. The carbonyl group of lactose can be changed into imido group, and this increases the electrochemical activity in reduction and the sensitivity. The optimal condition for the nucleophilic addition reaction was investigated and it was found that in NH4C1-NH3 buffer of pH 10.1, the linear range between the peak current and the concentration of lactose was 0.6-8.4 mg L-l, and the detection limits was 0.44 mg L- 1. The proposed method was applied to the ＇determination of lactose in food samples and satisfactory results were obtained.

关键词： Osteryoung square wave voltammetry lactose Food Milk

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Preparation of slab-shaped lactose carrier particles for dry powder inhalers by air jet milling

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2017年第1期12卷 59-65页

作者： Xiang Kou Lai Wah Chan Changquan Calvin Sun Paul Wan Sia Heng GEA-NUS Pharmaceutical Processing Research Laboratory Department of PharmacyNational University of Singapore18 Science Drive 4Singapore 117543Singapore Pharmaceutical Materials Science and Engineering Laboratory Department of PharmaceuticsUniversity of Minnesota308 Harvard St.SEMinneapolisMN 55455USA

Dry powder inhalers are often formulated by attaching micronized drug particles onto carrier particles, which are generally lactose. In this study, commercially available lactose was air jet milled to produce unique slab-like coarse carrier particles, which have larger and rougher surfaces compared to other commercially available lactose. Two key processing factors, i.e.,classifier speed and jet milling pressure, were systematically investigated. The largest fraction of slab-like particles in the resulting powder was obtained at a classifier speed of 3000 *** slab-like coarse carrier particles are expected to exhibit superior performance than commercial lactose due to their unique surface properties.

关键词： Particle engineering Shape modification lactose Dry powder inhaler

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Trends in lactose-derived bioactives:synthesis and purification

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Systems Microbiology and Biomanufacturing 2022年第3期2卷 393-412页

作者： Carlos Vera Cecilia Guerrero Andrés Illanes Department of Biology Faculty of Chemistry and BiologyUniversidad de Santiago de Chile(USACH)SantiagoChile School of Biochemical Engineering Pontificia Universidad Católica de Valparaíso(PUCV)ValparaisoChile

lactose obtained from cheese whey is a low value commodity despite its great potential as raw material for the production of bioactive *** them,prebiotics stand out as valuable ingredients to be added to food matrices to build up functional foods,which currently represent the most active sector within the food *** foods market has been growing steadily in the recent decades along with the increasing awareness of the World population about healthy nutrition,and this is having a strong impact on lactose-derived *** of them are produced by enzyme biocatalysis because of molecular precision and environmental sustainability *** current status and outlook of the production of lactose-derived bioactive compounds is presented with special emphasis on downstream operations which are critical because of the rather modest lactose conversion and product yields that are *** though some of these products have already an established market,there are still several challenges referring to the need of developing better catalysts and more cost-effective downstream operations for delivering high quality products at affordable *** technological push is expected to broaden the spectrum of lactose-derived bioactive compounds to be produced at industrial scale in the near future.

关键词： Prebiotic lactose β-Galactosidase Oligosaccharide purification

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Studies on the spray dried lactose as carrier for dry powder inhalation

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Asian Journal of Pharmaceutical Sciences 2014年第6期9卷 336-341页

作者： Linna Wu Xu Miao Ziyun Shan Ying Huang Lu Li Xin Pan Qinghe Yao Ge Li Chuanbin Wu School of Pharmaceutical Sciences Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China GuangDong Research Center for Drug Delivery Systems Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China School of Engineering Sun Yat-sen UniversityGuangzhou 510006China Guangzhou Neworld Pharm.Co.Ltd. Guangzhou 510006China

The purpose of this study was to investigate the spray dried lactose as carrier for dry powder inhalation(DPI).The lactose particles were prepared by spray drying,then the particle size,shape and crystal form were characterized by laser diffraction,scanning electron microscopy(SEM),X-ray diffraction(XRD)and differential scanning calorimetry(DSC).The spray dried lactose particles were spherical and amorphous,but would transfer to crystal form when storage humidity was above 32%.Thus,the humidity of the storage environment should be controlled below 30%strictly in order to maintain the amorphous nature of spray dried lactose which is a great benefit to DPI development.

关键词： Spray drying lactose Carrier Dry powder inhalation

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lactose malabsorption and intolerance: What should be the best clinical management?

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World Journal of Gastrointestinal Pharmacology and Therapeutics 2012年第3期3卷 29-33页

作者： Paolo Usai-Satta Mariella Scarpa Francesco Oppia Francesco Cabras Gastroenterology Unit Brotzu Hospital

lactose malabsorption (LM) is the incomplete hydrolysis of lactose due to lactase deficiency, which may occur as a primary disorder or secondary to other intestinal diseases. Primary adult-type hypolactasia is an autosomal recessive condition resulting from the physiological decline of lactase activity. Different methods have been used to diagnose LM. lactose breath test represents the most reliable technique. A recent consensus conference has proposed the more physiological dosage of 25 g of lactose and a standardized procedure for breath testing. Recently a new genetic test, based on C/T13910 polymorphism, has been proposed for the diagnosis of adult-type hypolactasia, complementing the role of breath testing. LM represents a wellknown cause of abdominal symptoms although only some lactose malabsorbers are also intolerants. Diagnosing lactose intolerance is not straightforward. Many non-malabsorber subjects diagnose themselves as being lactose intolerant. Blind lactose challenge studies should be recommended to obtain objective results. Besides several studies indicate that subjects with lactose intolerance can ingest up to 15 g of lactose with no or minor symptoms. Therefore a therapeutic strategy consists of a lactose restricted diet avoiding the nutritional disadvantages of reduced calcium and vitamin intake. Various pharmacological options are also available. Unfortunately there is insufficient evidence that these therapies are effective. Further double-blind studies are needed to demonstrate treatment effectiveness in lactose intolerance.

关键词： lactose malabsorption lactose intolerance Therapeutic options

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Effect of lactose on Acid Tolerance of Yogurt Culture Bacteria

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2020年第6期11卷 457-462页

作者： Behannis Mena Kayanush Aryana School of Agriculture and Food Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences The University of Melbourne Melbourne Australia School of Nutrition and Food Sciences Louisiana State University Agricultural Center Baton Rouge LA USA

lactose, the sugar naturally present in milk, provides energy to lactic acid bacteria used in fermented dairy foods. Increasing concentrations of lactose may improve survivability of lactic acid bacteria in the dairy foods and in human gut enhancing their probiotic benefits. Acid tolerance is an important probiotic characteristic. The objective was to determine the influence of lactose on acid tolerance of yogurt starter culture Streptococcus thermophiles ST-M5 and Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB-12. The M 17 broth was used for Streptococcus thermophiles ST-M5 and MRS broth was used for Lactobacillus bulgaricus LB-12. Lactose was added to both broths at 0% (control), 1%, 3%, and 5% (wt/vol). Both broths were acidified to pH 2.0. Upon sterilizing and tempering, both broths were inoculated. Acid tolerance was determined as viable counts in acidified broths after 120 minutes of incubations. In an incubation period of 2 hours, dilutions

关键词： lactose Acid Tolerance Lactic Acid Bacteria

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Antilisterial Activity of lactose Fatty Acid Esters in Milk

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Food and Nutrition Sciences 2019年第7期10卷 750-760页

作者： Seung-Min Lee Brian Nummer Brian Nummer Ashwini Wagh Marie K. Walsh Department of Nutrition Dietetics and Food Sciences Utah State University Logan Utah USA The Clorox Service Company Pleasanton California USA

Carbohydrate fatty acid esters have been shown to inhibit the growth of bacteria in growth media. In this study, the antilisterial activities of the carbohydrate esters lactose monodecanoate (LMD) and lactose monolaurate (LML) were tested in milk samples with variable fat content (up to 10%) and at different temperatures (37°C, 24°C and 5°C) after inoculation with a 5-strain Listeria monocytogenes cocktail. Both LMD and LML demonstrated antilisterial properties against L. monocytogenes in milk, with the observed log reductions in the LMD milk samples being higher than those in the LML samples at all tested temperatures. LMD in 1% and 2% fat milk was found to be bactericidal with no Listeria growth by day 6. LMD showed significant antilisterial activity in milk samples containing up to 9% fat at 37°and in samples with up to 3.5% fat at 24°C and in milk samples with up to 2% fat at 5°C. LML showed significant Listeria log reductions at 37°C with milk containing up to 9% fat but showed no microbial inhibition in milk in any samples at 24°C and 5°C. Although carbohydrate fatty acid esters have proven microbial bactericidal/bacteriostatic properties in growth media, their antimicrobial properties are reduced in a food system containing fat and at temperatures lower than 37°C. The significance of this research is identifying food constituents and storage temperatures that limit the microbial inhibitory properties of lactose esters to ensure appropriate use as potential food grade antilisterial agents.

关键词： lactose Monodecanoate lactose Monolaurate Antilisterial Activity Milk Fat Temperature

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