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Hepatitis C virus control among persons who inject drugs requires overcoming barriers to care

World Journal of Gastroenterology 2013年第44期19卷 7846-7851页

作者： Marija Zeremski Jon E Zibbell Anthony D Martinez Steven Kritz Bryce D Smith Andrew H Talal Division of Gastroenterology and Hepatology Weill Cornell Medical College New YorkNY 10065 United States Division of Viral Hepatitis Centers for Disease Control and Prevention Atlanta GA 30333United States Division of Gastroenterology Hepatology and Nutrition State University of New York at Buffalo Buffalo NY 14203 United States Addiction Research and Treatment Corporation Brooklyn NY 11201 United States

Despite a high prevalence of hepatitis C virus(HCV)infection,the vast majority of persons who inject drugs(PWID)have not engaged in HCV care due to a large number of *** about the infection among both PWID and providers remains an important challenge as does discrimination faced by PWID in conventional health care *** providers also remain hesitant to prescribe antiviral therapy due to concerns about adherence and relapse to drug use resulting in ***,however,as a result of improvements in treatment efficacy combined with professional society and government endorsement of HCV treatment for PWID,a pressing need exists to develop strategies to engage these individuals into HCV *** this article,we propose several strategies that can be pursued in an attempt to engage PWID into HCV *** advocate that multidisciplinary approaches that utilize health care practitioners from a wide range of specialties,as well as co-localization of medical services,are strategies likely to result in increased numbers of PWID entering into HCV *** of HCV therapy after stabilization through drug treatment is an additional strategy likely to increase PWID engagement into HCV *** full impact of direct acting antivirals for HCV will only be realized if innovative approaches are pursued to engage all HCV infected individuals into treatment.

关键词： Treatment of hepatitis C Viral infection Human immunodeficiency virus Hepatitis C virus coinfection Persons who inject drugs Obstacles to treatment

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基于inject和Hook的安卓终端管控技术

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信息网络安全 2018年第9期 66-73页

作者：秦中元张峻瑞张群芳宋志勇东南大学网络空间安全学院江苏南京210096 炮兵防空兵学院南京校区江苏南京211132

针对安卓终端缺乏有效的软件化管控方案,文章提出了一种基于inject和Hook的安卓终端管控技术。该技术向系统服务进程注入管控自定义代码,通过劫持进程间通信(IPC)关键函数ioctl()的地址监听服务请求数据包并进行解析,得出当前请求的服... 详细信息

针对安卓终端缺乏有效的软件化管控方案,文章提出了一种基于inject和Hook的安卓终端管控技术。该技术向系统服务进程注入管控自定义代码,通过劫持进程间通信(IPC)关键函数ioctl()的地址监听服务请求数据包并进行解析,得出当前请求的服务信息,若请求的服务方法位于管控黑名单上,则对相应的请求数据包进行修改,从而实现实时管控的功能。测试结果表明,文章提出的方案可以有效实现安卓终端管控。

关键词：安卓实时管控 inject Hook

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Micro-Invasive Glaucoma Surgery with the iStent inject: Impact on IOP and Medication Burden in a Real-World Setting

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Open Journal of Ophthalmology 2020年第1期10卷 89-98页

作者： Abdulmajeed Alharbi Department of Ophthalmology College of Medicine Qassim University Al-Mulida Qassim KSA

Background: The iStent inject is a Micro-Invasive Glaucoma Surgical (MIGS) device that has shown to reduce IOP and to be safe for glaucoma patients with fewer complications than regular surgery. Objective: To investigate, up to 15 - 20 months, the efficacy and safety of implantation of two second-generation trabecular microbypass stents in patients with or without prior glaucoma surgery. Methods: Fifty-seven eyes were implanted with the iStent inject. The population was comprised of eyes with primary open-angle glaucoma (n = 51), pseudoexfoliation glaucoma (n = 5) and ocular hypertension (n = 1). Major outcome parameters included IOP, medication needs and corrected distance visual acuity (CDVA). Follow-up time points were one day, 2 - 4 months, 9 - 14 months and 15 - 20 months. Results: The main reason to perform MIGS was IOP reduction in 68.4%, reduced number of medications due to drug intolerance in 24.6% and reduced medication due to compliance issues in 7.0% of the eyes. IOP decreased by 22.47%, from 19.40 ± 3.83 mmHg preoperatively (preop) to 15.04 ± 1.67 mmHg at 15-20 months postoperatively. IOP reduction was achieved at all follow-up time points (p Conclusions: Insertion of the iStent inject in patients with or without prior glaucoma surgery shows effective and sustained improvements in IOP with no safety concerns.

关键词： iStent inject MIGS Glaucoma Intraocular Pressure Visual Acuity Medica-tion Need

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Hepatitis C virus/human T lymphotropic virus 1/2 coinfection:Regional burden and virological outcomes in people who inject drugs

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World Journal of Virology 2016年第2期5卷 68-72页

作者： Erika Castro Elena Roger Addiction Medicine Centre Service of Community PsychiatryDepartment of PsychiatryCentre Hospitalier Universitaire Vaudois

This review analyses current data concerning co-infection with hepatitis C virus(HCV) and human T lymphotropic virus(HTLV)-1/2 in people who inject drugs(PWID), with a particular focus on disease burden and global implications for virological outcome. In addition, the available treatment options for HTLV-1/2 are summarized and the on-going and likely future research challenges are discussed. The data in this review was obtained from 34 articles on HCV/HTLV-1/2 co-infection in PWID retrieved from the Pub Med literature database and published between 1997 and 2015. Despite unavailable estimates of the burden of HCV/HTLV-1/2 co-infection in general, the epidemiologic constellation of HTLV-1/2 shows high incidence in PWID with history of migration, incarceration, and other blood-borne infectious diseases such as HCV or human immunodeficiency virus. The most recent research data strongly suggest that HTLV-1 co-infection can influence HCV viral load, HCV sustained virological response to α-interferon treatment, and HCV-related liver disease progression. In short, outcome of HCV infection is worse in the context of HTLV-1 co-infection, yet more studies are needed to gain accurate estimations of the burden of HCV/HTLV-1/2 co-infections. Moreover, in the current era of new direct-acting antiviral treatments for HCV and proven HTLV-1/2 treatment options, prospective clinical and treatment studies should be carried out, with particular focus on the PWID patient population, with the aim of improving virological outcomes.

关键词： Hepatitis C virus Human T lymphotropic virus Hepatitis C virus/human T lymphotropic virus-1/2 co-infection People who inject drugs Human T lymphotropic virus-1/2 screening among people who inject drugs Co-infection treatment

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Cookie ＆inject Browser

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黑客防线 2005年第1期 i033-i033页

这是一个特殊用途的浏览器，当浏览一个页面时，如果有Cookies和Session存在，它会自动获取并显示在较件界面，同时允许我们对获取的Cookie重新修改提交。假如我们得到某个论坛管理员或其它会员账号，而又是支持Cookie的情况下，我们只... 详细信息

这是一个特殊用途的浏览器，当浏览一个页面时，如果有Cookies和Session存在，它会自动获取并显示在较件界面，同时允许我们对获取的Cookie重新修改提交。假如我们得到某个论坛管理员或其它会员账号，而又是支持Cookie的情况下，我们只需要将获得的账号密码重新构造再加以利用就可以了，最常见的当属Dvbbs6.x或Vbb2.x等版本。

关键词：网络浏览器 Cookie inject Browser 网站计算机网络

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Study on linear bio-structure print process based on alginate bio-ink in 3D bio-fabrication

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Bio-Design and Manufacturing 2020年第2期3卷 109-121页

作者： Youping Gong Zhikai Bi Xiangjuan Bian Anlei Ge Jingyang He Wenxin Li Huifeng Shao Guojin Chen Xiang Zhang School of Mechanical Engineering Hangzhou Dianzi UniversityHangzhou 310018China Faculty of Science and Technology Zhejiang International Studies UniversityHangzhouChina National Center for International Joint Research of Micro-Nano Molding Technology Zhengzhou UniversityZhengzhou 450001China

Ink-jet printing is a non-impact printing technology in which drops jetted from an orifice onto a designated *** technology can digitally transport fluids containing cells precisely onto desired substrates to construct three-dimensional *** order to obtain the stable uniform droplets,a stream is the key point of this ***,there are so many factors that affect the uniform droplet stream construction process:print parameters,material parameters,control method,etc.A good understanding of the various coupled transport processes that occur during bio-ink impact and spreading on bio-structure can improve the success of *** paper aims to obtain a good linear bio-structure with ink-jet printing ***,a typical droplet deposition process model is constructed;including droplet dynamics impact models and droplet diffusion cap ***,a model of successive droplet overlap,to form linear bio-structures,is ***,the finite element method is used to simulate the droplet impact,collision,and fusion ***,the main influencing factors of the continuous injection printing process,namely the time interval between consecutive droplets and the droplet contact angles,are *** alginate is selected as bio-ink to verify the theory,and it is found that a good linear bio-structure could be obtained if the printing parameters are controlled optimally,i.e.,if the initial contact angle is set as 60 degrees and the trigger frequency is set as 150 *** a proper printing speed and gel coating,a good survival rate of printed cells could be obtained.

关键词： Sodium alginate 3D Bio-fabrication Drop-on-demand inject Printing process simulation Linear bio-structure

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European Association for the Study of the Liver and French hepatitis C recent guidelines: The paradigm shift

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World Journal of Hepatology 2018年第10期10卷 639-644页

作者： Véronique Loustaud-Ratti Marilyne Debette-Gratien Paul Carrier Fédération d'Hépatologie Service d'Hépato-gastroentérologieCHU Limoges

The latest Association Fran?aise pour l'Etude du Foie-French Association for Study of the Liver(AFEF) and European Association for the Study of the Liver(EASL) recommendations announce a change of paradigm, for the management of patients infected with hepatitis C virus(HCV). The AFEF recommendations focus on the elimination of HCV infection on a national level by preventing reinfection, in less than ten years. This goal involves the facilitation of patients' management in a simplified pathway by increasing screening procedures and access to pangenotypic treatments mainly in the "reservoir" population of people who inject drugs and migrants. Even in the complex pathway of patients with previous comorbidities, AFEF takes the option of a therapeutic simplification. The EASL guidelines position themselves on the state of the art with a precise description of all therapeutic options available, without separating simplified and complex pathways even if they take into account the epidemiological evolution of difficult-to-treat populations.

关键词： French European Hepatitis C Guidelines Pangenotypic Direct acting antiviral drugs Eradication People who inject drugs Migrants

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Pakistan needs to speed up its human immunodeficiency virus control strategy to achieve targets in fast-track acquired immune deficiency syndrome response

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World Journal of Virology 2017年第2期6卷 46-48页

作者： Yasir Waheed Hasnain Waheed Foundation University Medical College Foundation University Islamabad Bridging Health Foundation

In last fifteen years remarkable success in the fight against human immunodeficiency virus(HIV) is achieved globally. The number of HIV infections has decreased and the number of people on antiretroviral therapy is increased. This all is possible by strong political commitments and heavy investments in the fight against HIV. Pakistan is among few Asian countries in which HIV cases are increasing year by year since 1990. There are 94000 cases of HIV in Pakistan and only 14000 are registered with government. The main source of HIV infection in Pakistan is the use of contaminated injection equipment among people who inject drugs(PWID). The overall prevalence of HIV among PWID in Pakistan is 27.2%. There are five cities in Pakistan in which HIV prevalence is above 40% in PWIDs. In June 2016, United Nations political declaration on acquired immune deficiency syndrome(AIDS) provided a global mandate to fast-track the AIDS response over the next five years to achieve the targets in Sustainable Development Goals. To achieve the targets in fasttrack AIDS response, the global leaders showed strong commitments to invest $ 26 billion per year by 2020. Pakistan needs to speed up its HIV control program. There is a dire need to locate all HIV positive people and enroll them in the treatment program. Pakistan also needs to calculate exact number of people living with HIV, increase HIV treatment centers and increase HIV awareness. Recently, Global Fund invested handsome money in the fight against HIV. Let's hope the country will have effective HIV control strategy to achieve the HIV elimination target by 2030.

关键词： Human immunodeficiency virus People who inject drugs Fast-track Antiretroviral therapy

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液体染料和添加剂的连续混合与计量

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国际纺织导报 2012年第6期40卷 7-8,10页

作者： U.Helbing 湛烂瑜 Oerlikon Barmag

在塑料加工工业的许多生产工艺中,所用的聚合物需要加入染料和添加剂。液体染料可以非常有效地取代色母粒。

关键词：彩虹系统 inject AC计量系统中转站混合计量

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