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Water incubation-induced fluctuating release of heavy metals in two smelter-contaminated soils

Journal of Environmental Sciences 2019年第8期31卷 14-23页

作者： Bin Yang Yunzhe Cao Jie Ren Mei Wang Huilong Luo Fasheng Li College of Water Science Beijing Normal University State Key Laboratory of Environmental Criteria and Risk Assessment Chinese Research Academy of Environmental Sciences School of Ecology and Environment Inner Mongolia University

The soil moisture regime can affect the release of heavy metals in soil. In the previous studies, slightly polluted soils or artificially contaminated soil samples were considered to investigate the effect of soil moisture. We used highly smelter-contaminated and aged soils to study the release of typical heavy metals(Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb) induced by water incubation in batch experiments with characterization via speciation and X-ray diffraction analyses(XRD). The results show that the leachable concentrations of the heavy metals increased slightly in the first 30 days, decreased drastically between 30 and 90 days, and immobilized relatively constant thereafter. The fluctuation was ascribed to the changes of soil Eh and pH, the reductive dissolution of crystalline iron oxides, the formation of new amorphous iron oxides, the absorption of dissolved organic matter and the precipitation of metal sulfide. Speciation analysis indicated that a proportion of the soil heavy metals was transformed from an exchangeable fraction to a less labile fraction after water incubation. And the presence of a lead iron oxide phase and the peak increasing of zinc sulfide were observed via XRD analyses. Finally, water incubation restrained the release of heavy metals after 180 days of incubation, and reduced the leachability of Cu, Zn, Cd and Pb by as much as 1.61%–7.21% for soil A and 0.43%–3.36% for soil B, respectively. The study findings have implications for the formulation of risk control and management strategies for heavy metals in smelter-contaminated soils.

关键词： Smelter-contaminated soil Heavy metals Water incubation Release Fraction

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Embryonic Growth and Yolk Depletion during incubation in the Chinese Skink, Plestiodon chinensis

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Asian Herpetological Research 2019年第1期10卷 56-61页

作者： Li MA Kun GUO Shan SU Xiang JI Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Biodiversity and Biotechnology College of Life Sciences Nanjing Normal University

We collected 24 gravid female Chinese skinks(Plestiodon chinensis) to study embryonic growth and yolk depletion during incubation. Females laid eggs between late May and mid-June. Eggs were incubated at 24(± 0.3) ℃. One egg from each clutch was dissected at 5-d intervals starting at laying. Embryonic stages at laying varied from Dufaure and Hubert's(1961) Stage 30-35, with a mean stage of 32.6. incubation lengths at 24 ℃ varied from 35.1 to 48.3 d, with a mean of 41.5 d. Based on the derived functions describing instantaneous changes in embryo dry mass and yolk dry mass, we identified three phases of embryonic growth or yolk depletion in P. chinensis. Phase 1, from Day 0(at laying) to Day 15(～36% of the way through incubation), was one of minimal transfer of material from yolk to embryo. Phase 2, from Day 15 to Day 32-33(～77%-80% of the way through incubation), was characterized by increasingly rapid embryonic growth or yolk depletion. Phase 3, from Day 32-33 to hatching, was characterized by reduced embryonic growth or yolk depletion. The length of the last embryonic stage(Stage 40 = completely differentiated embryos) accounted for about 28% of incubation length, and the dry mass of the smallest embryos of Stage 40 accounted for only ～48% of the hatchling dry mass. Our study adds evidence to the idea that oviposition is not timed to coincide with the onset of rapid embryonic growth in oviparous reptiles, and is first to demonstrate that ～50% embryonic growth occurs in the last quarter of incubation in P. chinensis.

关键词： egg incubation embryonic growth embryonic stage Plestiodon chinensis scincid lizard yolk depletion

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Kinetic limit for incubation period of primary phase produced by the combination reaction between two solid heterogeneous pure metals

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Science China(Technological Sciences) 2008年第12期51卷 2232-2243页

作者： XIONG JiangTao1,2,LI JingLong1,ZHANG FuSheng1,LIN Xin2 & HUANG WeiDong2 1 Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding Technologies,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China 2 State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing,Northwestern Polytechnical University,Xi’an 710072,China Shaanxi Key Laboratory of Friction Welding Technologies Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing Northwestern Polytechnical University Xi’an China

An irreversible thermodynamics model was constructed to study the combination reaction of two heterogeneous pure metals in diffusion bonding based on the theorem of minimum entropy production and the Curie *** correlation between the irreversible reaction and diffusion was discussed,which provided the kinetic inevitability of an incubation period of a primary *** analytical descriptions of the incubation period and the kinetically critical grain size of the primary phase were *** of the experimental results of Al/Mo interfacial reaction with the calculations indicated that the performed theoretical analysis was reliable.

关键词： incubation period primary phase interfacial reaction irreversible thermodynamics

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Metabolic profiling of four synthetic stimulants,including the novel indanyl-cathinone 5-PPDi,after human hepatocyte incubation

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Journal of Pharmaceutical Analysis 2020年第2期10卷 147-156页

作者： David Fabregat-Safont Marie Mardal Juan V.Sancho Félix Hernández Kristian Linnet María Ibánez Research Institute for Pesticides and Water University Jaume IAvda.Sos Baynat s/n12071CastellónSpain Department of Forensic Medicine Section of Forensic ChemistryFaculty of Health and Medicinal SciencesUniversity of CopenhagenFrederik V's vej 112100KФbenhavnФDenmark Department of Occupational and Environmental Medicine University Hospital of Northern NorwaySykehusvegenTromsoeNorway

Synthetic cathinones are new psychoactive substances that represent a health risk *** most of the 130 reported compounds,information about toxicology and/or metabolism is not available,which hampers their detection(and subsequent medical treatment)in intoxication *** principles of forensic analytical chemistry and the use of powerful analytical techniques are indispensable for stab-lishing the most appropriate biomarkers for these *** metabolic fate of synthetic cathinones can be assessed by the analysis of urine and blood obtained from authentic consumers;however,this type of samples is limited and difficult to *** this work,the metabolic behaviour of three synthetic cathinones(4-CEC,4-CPrC and 5-PPDi)and one amphetamine(3-FEA)has been evalu-ated by incubation with pooled human hepatocytes and metabolite identification has been performed by high-resolution mass *** in vitro approach has previously shown its feasibility for obtaining excretory human metabolites.4-CEC and 3-FEA were not metabolised,and for 4-CPrC only two minor metabolites were *** the contrary,for the recently reported 5-PPDi,twelve phase I metabolites were *** to our knowledge,this is the first metabolic study of an *** reported in this paper will allow the detection of these synthetic stimulants in intoxi-cation cases,and will facilitate future research on the metabolic behaviour of other indanyl-based cathinones.

关键词： Synthetic cathinones 5-PPDi Metabolite identification In vitro metabolism Hepatocyte incubation High resolution mass spectrometry

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Circular RNA expression alterations are involved in incubation of morphine craving

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中国药理学与毒理学杂志 2018年第9期32卷 728-729页

作者： YU Hai-lei WEN Di ZHANG Xiu-ning ZHANG Jing-jing SHEN Qian-chao JING Wei-wei CONG Bin MA Chun-ling College of Forensic Medicine Hebei Medical University Hebei Key Laboratory of Forensic Medicine Collaborative Innovation Center of Forensic Medical Molecular Identification Shijiazhuang 050017 China

OBJECTIVE Cue-induced drug craving progressively increase after prolong abstinence in animal and human beings.A behavioral phenomenon termed incubation of drug craving is considered as a key reason for drug relapse,but the transcriptional mechanisms that contribute to this incubation are *** has been demonstrated that circular RNAs(circR NAs),act as miR NA sponges,play important roles in the regulation of gene expression and the pathogenesis of *** present study aims to explore the transcriptional profiles associated with incubation of morphine craving in nucleus accumbens(NAc),an important brain area previously implicated in drug *** The animal model of the incubation of drug craving was induced by CPP paradigms with six morphine(5 mg·kg-1) injections and 14 d drug abstinence in *** brain tissues of NAc were collected after the behavioral tests for circRNA-sequencing by Illumina Hiseq X *** identified differentially expressed genes(DEGs) by qRT-PCR and used bioinformatics methods for further function *** The progressive increase of CPP scores during the 14 d drug abstinence indicated the establishment of animal *** data of circRNA-sequencing reported that 16 circRNAs were significantly altered after 28 d drug abstinence in NAc of morphine treated mice(FC≥2 and P<0.05).Among those circRNAs,9 were significantly up-regulated,while 7 were ***,we subsequently tested circRNAs expression using quantitative real-time PCR,and the consistent data were *** results of KEGG pathway analysis indicated that these genes were enriched for several biological processes,including RNA transport,protein ubiquitination and histone methylation,*** These findings provide a unique resource of gene expression data for future studies examining transcriptional mechanisms in NAc that mediate opioids seeking after prolonged withdrawal.

关键词： morphine drug craving incubation circular RNAs KEGG pathway

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Artificial incubation of Great Bustard (Otis tarda) Eggs

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Journal of Forestry Research 1998年第2期9卷 81-86页

作者：王进军田秀华高照弘董凤友黄守华徐美荣张新茹魏淑琴宋金宝宁永强许青 Harbin Zool Harbin P. R. China College of Wildlife Resource Northeast Forestry University Harbin China

A trial of artificial incubation to great bustard (Otis tarda ) egg was conducted from 1995 to *** the 45 collected eggs, 28 eggs were fertilized and 26 hatched, with fertilizing rate 62.2% and incubation rate 92.85%. The mean incubation-days for great bustard egg was confirmed as 24.4(21-28 days) with the formula for caculating fresh egg weight (W=KwLB2) and that for counting the incubated days by parents birds in field (ld=24(w-y)/0.144y). The proper incubation temperature and relative humidity were 36-37.8℃ and 50-65%.respectively. The egg weights and egg size average 130.45 g and 77.411.42 × 55.5 ± 0.65-mm respectively. The total weight loss of egg was 18.38±0.646 g, daily weight loss 0.748±0.071g in the incubation time. with a weight loss rate of 13.6±1 .02%. A linear regression equation to discribe the relationship between the egg weight and incubation days, was built, y=130.73-0.619± (x--incubation day, y--egg weight). r=-0.978. Twenty-eight hours were nassassary for great bustard embryo to complete the fledging when the were put in gas room. The mean weight of fledglings was 86.3±3.29 g(n=26).

关键词： Otis tarda Great bustard Egg Artificial incubation

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Effects of Organic Manures in Changes of Some Soil Properties at Different incubation Periods

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第3期4卷 81-86页

作者： Sajal Roy Md. Abul Kashem Department of Soil Science University of Chittagong Chittagong Bangladesh

A laboratory incubation experiment of 60 days was carried out to observe the changes of soil pH, electrical conductivity (EC), soil organic carbon (SOC), and potassium chloride extractable nitrogen () in a soil to which three animal manures viz. cow dung (CD), chicken manure (CM) and a combination of CD and CM had been applied at a rate of 10 t·ha-1. The effects of manures varied with manure type and incubation period. Soil pH slightly increased with the incubation period up to 30 days there after it declined with time significantly (p incubation increased. Organic carbon contents of manure treated soils reached its peak at 15 days of incubation and decreased thereafter with time. The content of increased significantly (p incubation period increased in control and cow dung amended soils whereas there was no significant difference in contents when either chicken manure alone or cow dung and chicken manure mixed in combination. After 60 days of incubation, the highest amount of was found in cow dung plus chicken manure treated soil followed by chicken manure treatment.

关键词： Chicken Manure Cow Dung incubation

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Calibration of CO<sub>2</sub>Trapping in Alkaline Solutions during Soil incubation at Varying Temperatures Using a Respicond VI

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Open Journal of Soil Science 2014年第5期4卷 161-167页

作者： Natalya Smirnova Michael Scott Demyan Frank Rasche Georg Cadisch Torsten Müller Institute of Crop Science (340i) University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany Institute of Plant Production and Agroecology in the Tropics and Subtropics (380a) University of Hohenheim Stuttgart Germany

Measurements of carbon dioxide (CO2)-evolution from soils are important in evaluating biomass and activity of soil microorganisms, as well as decomposition of soil organic matter. The Respicond VI is a fully computerized system allowing continuous measurement of CO2 evolution in short- and long-term soil incubation experiments in up to 96 incubation vessels. The measurement of CO2 evolution is based on the absorption of CO2 by an electrolyte (KOH solution) producing a change in the cell conductance measured using two electrodes. In this study, the Respicond VI was recalibrated yielding 174.5 mg CO2 as constant A expressing the theoretical maximum amount of CO2 absorbed in 10 ml 0.5 M KOH. This value of A corresponds to 34.9 mg CO2 ml-1 1 M KOH. The constant A does neither depend on the investigated incubation temperatures (5°C - 25°C) nor on the concentrations of the KOH solutions (0.5, 0.1, 0.05 M KOH). To eliminate any influence of changing incubation temperatures, either induced by uncertainties in temperature control or as a part of the experimental setup, on the conductance of KOH solution, a correction procedure was developed using a factor calculated from changing conductance of KOH solutions in incubation vessels without soil.

关键词： Respirometer Soil Respiration Carbon Dioxide incubation

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Molecular mechanism of diapause in insect (I) --Expression of diapause hormone gene and incubation temperature in embryonic stage of Bombyx mori

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Science China(Life Sciences) 1998年第4期41卷 344-350页

作者：徐卫华张元琪王盈丁俐丽刘兢 Department of Biolcgy University of Science and Technology of China 230026 Hefei China

The embryonic diapause of the silkworm, Bombyx mori, is induced by the diapause hormone (DH) which is secreted from the suboesophageal ganglion of pupae. The diapause nature of bivoltine strains uses environmental stimuli as the initial signal to determine the diapause nature. The experiments showed that DH gene expression is a direct response to the environmental stimulus, such as high incubation temperature. The cDNA from the embryonic stage was cloned and sequence analysis showed the cDNA encoding DH. Expression patterns of the DH gene in embryonic stage are different at incubation temperatures 15℃ and 25℃, suggesting that the incubation temperature as an environmental signal is kept within the body to control the DH gene expression at the pupal stage, so that the embryonic diapause of next generation can be determined.

关键词： diapause diapause hormone incubation temperature gene expression embryogenesis Bombyx mori.

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Study on the Ultrastructure and itsChange of Eggshell of Chukar during incubation

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Journal of Northeast Agricultural University(English Edition) 1999年第2期6卷 117-122页

作者： Liu Di,Wang Xue dong,Gai Xiao chun, Zhou Yu yan ,Huang Zhi hong (Northeast Agricultural University, Harbin 150030,PRC) Northeast Agricultural University Harbin 150030PRC

Chukar is a kind of very important wild economical bird *** research to the eggshell is very useful not only in biology but also in *** structure of eggshell of Chukar is the same as the *** structural changes of the inner and outer surfaces, the transverse section of the eggshell, and the outer surface of its membrane during incubation had been observed by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). There was a great change happened for the surface structrue of eggshell and its membrane during *** tortoise shaped crackles became smaller and longer,and the fibres of the membrane became thinner and *** the same time,the transverse section of eggshell also became thicker.

关键词： chukar incubation eggshell ultrastructure

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