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Recent advancements in aircraft and in situ observations of tropical cyclones

Tropical Cyclone Research and Review 2023年第2期12卷 81-99页

作者： Heather M.Holbach Olivier Bousquet Lisa Bucci Paul Chang Joe Cione Sarah Ditchek Jim Doyle Jean-Philippe Duvel Jack Elston Gustavo Goni Kai Kwong Hon Kosuke Ito Zorana Jelenak Xiaotu Lei Rick Lumpkin Clive R.McMahon Christopher Reason Elizabeth Sanabia Lynn Keith Shay Jason A.Sippel Andrey Sushko Jie Tang Kazuhisa Tsuboki Hiroyuki Yamada Jonathan Zawislak Jun A.Zhang Florida State University Northern Gulf InstituteTallahasseeUSA NOAA/OAR/Atlantic Oceanographic and Meteorological Laboratory MiamiUSA Laboratoire de L’Atmosphere et des Cyclones Sainte ClotildeFrance Institute for Coastal and Marine Research Nelson Mandela UniversityGqeberhaSouth Africa NOAA/NWS/National Hurricane Center MiamiUSA NOAA/National Environmental Satellite Data and Information ServiceCollege ParkUSA Cooperative Institute for Marine and Atmospheric Studies University of MiamiMiamiFLUSA Naval Research Laboratory MontereyUSA Laboratoire de Meteorologie Dynamique ParisFrance Black Swift Technologies BoulderUSA Hong Kong Observatory Hong KongChina Disaster Prevention Research Institute Kyoto UniversityGokashoJapan University of the Ryukyus OkinawaJapan University Corporation for Atmospheric Research BoulderUSA Shanghai Meteorological Service ShanghaiChina Sydney Institute of Marine Science MosmanAustralia University of Cape Town RondeboschSouth Africa United States Naval Academy AnnapolisUSA University of Miami MiamiUSA Windborne Systems Palo AltoUSA Asia-Pacific Typhoon Collaborative Research Center ShanghaiChina Shanghai Typhoon Institute CMAShanghaiChina Nagoya University NagoyaJapan Yokohama National University YokohamaJapan NOAA/OMAO/Aircraft Operations Center LakelandUSA1

observations of tropical cyclones(TC)from aircraft and in situ platforms provide critical and unique information for analyzing and forecasting TC intensity,structure,track,and their associated *** report,prepared for the tenth International Workshop on Tropical Cyclones(IWTC-10),discusses the data collected around the world in TCs over the past four years since the IWTC-9,improvements to observing techniques,new instruments designed to achieve sustained and targeted atmospheric and oceanic observations,and select research results related to these *** the Atlantic and Eastern and Central Pacific basins,changes to operational aircraft reconnaissance are discussed along with several of the research field campaigns that have taken place *** changes in the use and impact of these aircraft observations in numerical weather prediction models are also provided along with updates on some of the experimental aircraft *** from three field campaigns in the Western Pacific basin are also *** of in-situ data collected within recent TCs such as Hurricane Ian(2022),also demonstrate that new,emerging technologies and observation strategies reviewed in this report,definitely have the potential to further improve ocean-atmosphere coupled intensity forecasts.

关键词： Tropical cyclones Aircraft observations in situ observations IWTC-10

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Generation of daily snow depth from multi-source satellite images and in situ observations

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2015年第10期25卷 1235-1246页

作者： CAO Guangzhen HOU Peng ZHENG Zhaojun TANG Shihao Key Laboratory of Radiometric Calibration and Validation for Environmental Satellites China Meteorological Administration Beijing 100081 China Satellite Environment Center Ministry of Environmental Protection Beijing 100094 China

Snow depth （SD） is a key parameter for research into global climate changes and land surface processes. A method was developed to obtain daily SD images at a higher 4 km spatial resolution and higher precision with SD measurements from in situ observations and passive microwave remote sensing of Advanced Microwave Scanning Radiometer-EOS （AMSR-E） and snow cover measurements of the Interactive Multisensor Snow and Ice Mapping System （IMS）. AMSR-E SD at 25 km spatial resolution was retrieved from AMSR-E products of snow density and snow water equivalent and then corrected using the SD from in situ observations and IMS snow cover. Corrected AMSR-E SD images were then resampled to act as ＂virtual＂ in situ observations to combine with the real in situ observations to interpolate at 4 km spatial resolution SD using the Cressman method. Finally, daily SD data generation for several regions of China demonstrated that the method is well suited to the generation of higher spatial resolution SD data in regions with a lower Digital Elevation Model （DEM） but not so well suited to regions at high altitude and with an undulating terrain, such as the Tibetan Plateau. Analysis of the longer time period SD data generation for January between 2003 and 2010 in northern Xinjiang also demonstrated the feasibility of the method.

关键词： data fusion daily snow depth multi-source satellite images passive microwave remote sensing IMS in situ observations

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Analysis of mechanical behavior and in situ observations of Cu-Al-Be SMA under biaxial compressive tests by using DIC

Analysis of mechanical behavior and in situ observations of ...

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实验力学国际会议

作者： Sylvain Calloch Christophe Bouvet Francois Hild Céric Doudard Christian Lexcellent LMT-Cachan LMAR.Chaléat

＜正＞ A Digital Image Correlation technique is used to develop and validate a new biaxial compression set-up. Some experimental tests have been performed under proportional and nonproportional loading conditions with the experimental set-up. During these tests, a particular attention is paid to the appearance and the disappearance of martensite plates during the loading path. By using a long distance microscope with a CCD camera, we show the importance of the mechanical loading path shape on the martensite formation.

关键词： Mechanical testing shape memory alloy digital image correlation technique in situ observations

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In-situ Observation of Fluid Mud in the North Passage of Yangtze Estuary, China

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海洋工程：英文版 2004年第1期18卷 149-156页

作者：李九发万新宁何青应铭时连强 S.M. Hutchinso State Key Laboratory for Estuarine and Coastal Research Telford Institute of Environmental Systems

observations of fluid mud were made in the lower North Passage of the Yangtze Estuary in February 2000, on 10～11 August 2000, on 30～31 August 2000 (after two strong typhoons), on 21～24 August 2000 (neap tide) and on 3～6 September 2000 (mean tide) respectively. In situ data show that the fluid mud in this area consists of fine cohesive sediment (median size 7.23 μm). The formation and movement of fluid mud varied during the neap-spring and flood-ebb tidal cycle. observations suggest that fluid mud phenomena in this area may be categorised in a three-fold manner as slack water, storm and saltwedge features. The thickness of the fluid mud layer of slack water during the neap tide ranged from 0.2 to 0.96 m, whereas during the mean tide, the thickness ranged from 0.17 to 0.73 m, and the thickness of the fluid mud layer was larger during slack water than at the flood peak. Shoals cover an area of 800 km2 with a water depth smaller than 5 m. Erosion of these extensive intertidal mudflats due to storm action provides an abundant sediment source. This is particularly significant in this estuary when the tidal level is lower than 5 m. The lower North Passage is a typical zone of saltwater wedging, so the saltwedge fluid mud has the most extensive spatial range in the estuary.

关键词： fluid mud in situ observations north passage Yangtze Estuary China

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The Silk Road agenda of the Pan-Eurasian Experiment (PEEX) program

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Big Earth Data 2018年第1期2卷 8-35页

作者： Hanna K.Lappalainen Markku Kulmala Joni Kujansuu Tuukka Petaja Alexander Mahura Gerrit de Leeuw Sergej Zilitinkevich Merli Juustila Veli-Matti Kerminen Bob Bornstein Zhang Jiahua Xue Yong Qiu Yubao Liang Dong Liu Jie Guo Huadong Institute for Atmospheric and Earth System Research(INAR)/Physics University of HelsinkiHelsinkiFinland Finnish Meteorological Institute HelsinkiFinland Climate Research Programme University of TyumenTyumenRussia Institute of Remote Sensing and Digital Earth Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Aerosol and Haze Laboratory Beijing University of Chemical TechnologyBeijingChina The Joint International Research Laboratory of Atmospheric and Earth System Sciences(JirLatest) Nanjing UniversityNanjingChina College of Resources and Environment University of Chinese Academy of SciencesBeijingChina Department of Radiophysics University of Nizhny NovgorodNizhny NovgorodRussia Department of Geography Moscow State UniversityMoscowRussia Department of Meteorology and Climate Science San Jose State UniversitySan JoseCAUSA

The Silk Road Economic Belt and the 21st-Century Maritime Silk Road(B&R)aims at facilitating the twenty-first Century economic development of ***,climate change,air quality and related feedbacks are affecting the successful development of the environment and societies in the B&R geographical *** most urgent risks related to the atmospheric system,to the land system and to hydrospheric and cryospheric processes are changing climate-air quality interactions,air pollution,changing monsoon dynamics,land degradation,and the melting of Tibetan Plateau glaciers.A framework is needed in which a science and technology-based approach has the critical mass and expertise to identify the main steps toward solutions and is capable to implement this *** Pan-Eurasian Experiment(PEEX)program,initiated in 2012,aims to resolve science,technology and sustainability questions in the Northern Eurasian *** is now identifying its science agenda for the B&R *** fundamental element of the PEEX research agenda is the availability of comprehensive ground-based observations together with Earth observation *** complements the recently launched international scientific program called Digital Belt and Road(DBAR).PEEX has expertise to coordinate the ground-based observations and initiate new flagship stations,while DBAR provides a big data platform on Earth observation from China and countries along the Belt and Road *** DBAR and PEEX have joint interests and synergy expertise on monitoring on ecological environment,urbanization,cultural heritages,coastal zones,and arctic cold regions supporting the sustainable development of the Belt and Road *** this paper we identify the research themes of the PEEX related Silk Road agenda relevant to China and give an overview of the methodological requirements and present the infrastructure requirements needed to carry out large scale research program.

关键词： Silk road Economic Belt air quality land-climate feedbacks Earth observation data in situ observations multiscale modeling SMEa concept Pan-Eurasian Experiment(PEEX)program Digital Belt and road(DBa)program

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