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Spatially-explicit quantitative relationship for a potential PES mechanism:Cascade hydropower development in Yarlung Zangbo River Basin, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2022年第4期19卷 925-944页

作者： ZHU Xiao-kang FU Bin Ramon Felipe BICUDO DA SILVA GUO Ying-man QIN Chan-yuan FENG Ting YU Hai-bing XIAO Kuang Institute of Mountain Hazards and Environment Chinese Academy of SciencesChengdu 610041China University of Chinese Academy of Sciences Beijing 100049China Xihua University Chengdu 610039China Sichuan Provincial Chengdu Ecological and Environmental Monitoring Center Station Chengdu 610041China Center for Systems Integration and Sustainability Department of Fisheries and WildlifeMichigan State UniversityEast Lansing MI 48823USA Center for Environmental Studies and Research State University of CampinasCampinas 13083-867Brazil

Payment for ecosystem services(PES) is of great importance for the sustainable development of mountain areas, key hotspot regions for the provisioning of ecosystem services. At present, PES researches mainly focus on forest protection, carbon sink trading, and water protection. As an important industry in mountainous areas, cascade hydropower development has generated substantial economic benefits accompanied by social and ecological impacts. However, efficient PES mechanisms to deal with hydropower generation in mountain areas are still unavailable. Therefore, the lacking of PES in mountain systems limits the development of those areas, and compromise the sustainability of hydropower development. The critical reason lies in the lack of a scientific method that can quantitatively analyze the relationship of hydropower stations with a geographical scope at county level(i.e., quantifying the water yield service provided by each county within the cascade hydropower development basin), and with different hydropower enterprises. We use the Yarlung Zangbo River Basin of China as case study area, one of the major hydropower development basins in China. First, we used Integrated Valuation of Ecosystem Services and Tradeoffs(InVEST) model to map water yield service. Then, we calculated the value of water yield service by relating the water yield to the gross output value of hydropower stations. We revealed the relationship(e.g., hydropower stations and identified counties) between the payers and the payees of ecosystem services through mapping and quantifying the provisioning regions in the supply of water yield service and the users(hydropower enterprises). Finally, we discussed the current situation of benefit distribution in cascade hydropower development basin based on the supply and use of the water yield service. The results showed that 1) the spatial distribution of the value of water yield service is uneven: the upper reaches are highvalue areas;the eastern region is higher than the western region;and the maximum

关键词： Water yield service Relationship hydropower development InVEST model QinghaiTibet Plateau

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Balance between Ecological Water Requirement and hydropower development:A Case Study in Muyangxi River,China

Balance between Ecological Water Requirement and Hydropower ...

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2011 IEEE International Conference on Waste Recycling,Ecology and Environment(ICWREE 2011)

作者： Zhaoyue TAI1 Yiqing GUAN1* Lixia NIU1 Danrong ZHANG2 Mingjuan ZU1 1 College of Hydrology and Water Resources Hohai University Nanjing China 2 State Key Laboratory of Hydrology-Water Resources and Hydraulic Engineering Hohai University Nanjing China

Long-term neglect on the ecological water requirement of the rivers in the hydropower development results in a series of eco-environmental problems. This paper studies the ecological water requirement of the Muyangxi River of Fujian Province, where the Qinshan hydropower Station is located. The ecological water requirements are calculated by different methods including 7Q10, Tennant, Minimum Monthly Runoff and NGPRP. The results show a large difference and the Tennant method is recommended. Using the power generation scheduling software, the relationship between the ecological water requirements under different guarantee rates and the loss of power generation benefits are analyzed. From the results, it is found that the relationship can be well described by a cubic equation and 30% of annual average flow rate, i.e. 5.4m3/s, can be selected as the ecological water requirement for the Muyangxi River.

关键词： ecological water requirement hydropower development guarantee rate of water power generation benefits

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Past and Future Changes in Climate and Water Resources in the Lancang–Mekong River Basin: Current Understanding and Future Research Directions

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Engineering 2022年第6期8卷 144-152页

作者： Junguo Liu Deliang Chen Ganquan Mao Masoud Irannezhad Yadu Pokhrel School of Environmental Science and Engineering Southern University of Science and TechnologyShenzhen 518055China Regional Climate Group Department of Earth SciencesUniversity of GothenburgGothenburg 40530Sweden Department of Civil and Environmental Engineering Michigan State UniversityEast LansingMI 48824USA

The Lancang–Mekong River(LMR)is an important transboundary river that originates from the Qinghai–Tibet Plateau,China and flows through six nations before draining into the South China Sea.Knowledge about the past and future changes in climate and water for this basin is critical in order to support regio-nal sustainable development.This paper presents a comprehensive review of the scientific progress that has been made in understanding the changing climate and water systems,and discusses outstanding challenges and future research opportunities.The existing literature suggests that:①The warming rate in the Lancang–Mekong River Basin(LMRB)is higher than the mean global warming rate,and it is higher in its upper portion,the Lancang River Basin(LRB),than in its lower portion,the Mekong River Basin(MRB);②historical precipitation has increased over the LMRB,particularly from 1981 to 2010,as the wet season became wetter in the entire basin,while the dry season became wetter in the LRB but drier in the MRB;③in the past,streamflow increased in the LRB but slightly decreased in the MRB,and increases in streamflow are projected for the future in the LMRB;and④historical streamflow increased in the dry season but decreased in the wet season from 1960 to 2010,while a slight increase is projected during the wet season.Four research directions are identified as follows:①investigation of the impacts of dams on river flow and local communities;②implementation of a novel water–energy–food–ecology(WEFE)nexus;③integration of groundwater and human health management with water resource assessment and management;and④strengthening of transboundary collaboration in order to address sustainable development goals(SDGs).

关键词： Lancang-Mekong River International river Hydrology Water resources Climate change hydropower development

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SCIENTIFIC development PERSPECTIVE STRESSING COMPREHENSIVENESS,COORDINATION,AND SUSTAINABILITY:A MUST-BE FOR WESTERN hydropower

SCIENTIFIC DEVELOPMENT PERSPECTIVE STRESSING COMPREHENSIVENE...

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International Symposium on Modern Technology of Dams--The 4th EADC Symposium

作者： Fan Qixiang China Thre Gorges Project Corporation J Jianshe Road Yichang P.R.China

＜正＞It has always been a significant issue with big concerns on how to persist in people-orientedness,to establish development perspective stressing comprehensiveness, coordination,and sustainability,to promote comprehensive development of economy.society and human,and to realize the coordination and harmony between urban areas and rural areas. inter-regions,between economy and society,between human and nature、and beween domestic development and the development of open-door to overseas.With consideration to the advantage of China’s western hydropower resources,especially the ecological environment and hydropower resources in Jinshajiang River,the paper explores the principles on the western hydropower development,and points out that Scientific development Perspective stressing comprehensiveness, coordination,and sustainability should be implemented with persistency in developing China’s western hydropower resources.

关键词： hydropower development people-orientedness social harmony scientific development perspective

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Two new species of Japalura(Squamata:Agamidae)from the Hengduan Mountain Range,China

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Zoological Research 2016年第1期37卷 41-56页

作者： Kai WANG Ke JIANG Da-Hu ZOU Fang YAN Cameron D.SILER Jing CHE Kunming Institute of Zoology,Chinese Academy of Sciences Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology,University of Oklahoma Tibet University Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73072-7029 U.S.A. kai.wang-2@ou.edu. Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China. Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China Tibet University Lhasa Tibet 850000 China. Sam Noble Oklahoma Museum of Natural History and Department of Biology University of Oklahoma Norman OK 73072-7029 U.S.A. Kunming Institute of Zoology Chinese Academy of Sciences Kunming Yunnan 650223 China. chej@***.

Until recently, the agamid species, Japalura flaviceps was recognized to have the widest geographic dis- tribution among members of the genus occurring in China, from eastern Tibet to Shaanxi Province. However, recent studies restricted the distribution of J. flaviceps to the Dadu River valley only in north- western Sichuan Province, suggesting that records of J. flaviceps outside the Dadu River valley likely represent undescribed diversity. During two herpeto- faunal surveys in 2013 and 2015, eight and 12 specimens of lizards of the genus Japalura were collected from the upper Nujiang （=Salween） Valley in eastern Tibet, China, and upper Lancang （=Mekong） Valley in northwestern Yunnan, China, respectively. These specimens display a unique suite of diagnostic morphological characters. Our robust comparisons of phenotype reveal that these populations can be distinguished readily from J. flaviceps and all other recognized congeners. Herein, we describe the two Japalura lineages as new spe- cies, Japalura laeviventris sp. nov. and Japalura iadina sp. nov.. In addition, we provide updated con- servation assessments for the new species as well as imperiled congeners according to the IUCN crite- ria for classification, discuss the importance of color patterns in the diagnosis and description of species in the genus Japalura, and discuss directions for future taxonomic studies of the group.

关键词： Coloration Conservation Hengduan Mountains hydropower development Japalura flaviceps

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Controls on geomorphic characteristics of the Xiaohei River basin in the upper Lancang-Mekong, China

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Journal of Mountain Science 2020年第5期17卷 1032-1044页

作者： GU Zhen-kui FAN Hui LOU Jun-peng YANG Kun Yunnan Key Laboratory of International Rivers and Transboundary Eco-Security Institute of International Rivers and Eco-SecurityYunnan UniversityKunming 650091China Department of Hydraulic Engineering Tsinghua UniversityBeijing 10084China

Understanding the evolution of the fluvial geomorphology in an orogenic belt provides valuable insight into the relationship between upper crustal deformation and surface processes.The upper Lancang-Mekong River is in an area experiencing both uplift and erosion.The related processes provide a steady sediment supply to the lower reaches of the river and play an important role in the regional environmental changes.The Xiaohei(Weiyuan)River Basin is an important sub-basin in this area,which is characterized by large-scale topographic fluctuations,active tectonics and erosion,and anthropogenic activities.These different factors introduce numerous complexities to the local surface processes.In this study,we investigate and quantify the controls of geomorphic evolution of the Xiaohei River Basin.We located and mapped the main knick-zones within the channels and examined the main genetic factors,such as faults and stratigraphic differences.The results show that the areas with the lowest uplift rates are characterized by a low steepness index and are located in the southeastern part of the basin.The stream power of the mainstream increases downstream,with an average value of^122 W/m.The erosional activity of the various stream channels is intense.Overall,the basin tends to expansion,with only local instances of inward contraction.Our analysis confirms that a number of the geomorphic evolutionary characteristics of the Xiaohei River Basin are transient.In addition,the future potential for the increasing the number of dams and the hydropower development in the basin may weaken the expansion trend of the basin over a long period of time.

关键词： Longitudinal profile Steepness Divide migration Stream power hydropower development Lancang

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水电开发对河流水沙变化的综合影响评价新方法(英文)

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Journal of Geographical Sciences 2012年第6期22卷 1034-1044页

作者：刘新有何大明 Asian International Rivers Center Yunnan University Yunnan Bureau of Hydrology and Water Resources Management

The environmental impact assessment （EIA） of cascade dams building in international rivers has been widely discussed in China and ASEAN countries since the 1990s. In Southwest China, all the great mountainous rivers have been the major state base for large-scale hydropower development. Among these rivers, the environmental change and response of the watercourse under the cascade dams building in the upper Mekong （called Lancang River in China） has been the focus in recent 20 years. In this paper, the Lancang River, which has over 25 years of large-scale hydropower development, was chosen as a case study for establishing the affected evaluation indicators system and its regression model of runoff and sediment, determining the indicators weight by the hierarchy analysis method and factor analysis method, and setting up the quantitative evaluation models of indicators affected level based on the ＂marginal efficiency＂ principle. Using these methods and model established, the influence degree of runoff and sediment in the Lancang River from 1986 to 2007 were assessed. The major results are：（1） the impact of sediment transport change by the cascade development is much higher than that of the runoff change; （2） the years＇ number with different impact levels respectively are 72.7% as the ＂smallest＂ level, 18.2% as ＂smaller＂, and 9.1% as ＂general＂; （3） the change process of runoff and sediment shows a ＂U-shaped＂ pattern, which indicates the balance of sediment change because of the interaction of sediment reduction by Manwan reservoir storage and the increase by the Dachaoshan dam construction.

关键词： assessment method runoff and sediment features hydropower development Lancang River

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CHANGJIANG WATER RESOURCES COMMISSION IN BRIEF

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人民长江 2001年第S1期32卷 61-62页

The Changjiang Water Resources Commission（CWRC）， originally named Yangtze Valley Planning Office（YVPO）， was established in February， 1950.　　As an assistant ministry in administrative level， CWRC is a river valley organization dispatched by the Ministry of Water Resources （MWR）， PRC. It is authorized by the State to exercise part of the administrative functions of water management within the Changjiang Valley（or Yangtze River Valley） and other rivers in south-west China， namely the unified management of the water resources of the valley and the rivers thereof in accordance with the“Water Law of the Peoples Republic of China”. CWRC is responsible for comprehensive regulation of the valley and development and management of those significant and controlling water projects， doing its best in terms of their planning， management， coordination and monitoring with all the necessary services provided so as to promote rivers harnessing and comprehensive exploitation and protection of the water resources available therein.　　Since its establishment 51 years ago， CWRC has done a lot of work in geological survey， hydrological investigation， water resources protection， soil and water conservation， planning and designing as well as scientific research for the valley， with a wealth of basic data， topographical， geological， hydrological，sediment-oriented， socioeconomic and else， collected and compiled in an all－round way. CWRC－issued and revised， a report， entitled the“Essentials on the Changjiang Valley Comprehensive Utilization Planning”，was eventually approved by the State Council， and then it became an official legislative document for subsequent implementation of the river valley regulation and development program. Besides， planning efforts were also made for quite a number of transprovincial and important tributaries in addition to the regulation planning for the main river proper.　　In the past 50 plus years， acting in accordance with the instructions of the central authorities， CWRC made unremitting efforts to have carried

关键词：水利部长江水利委员会 Water Resources scientific research Comprehensive Utilization the Changjiang Valley resettlement planning Three Gorges Project the Gezhouba Project the Changjiang river Ganjiang river Wujiang river investigation and design construction supervision comprehensive regulation technological progress hydropower development construction equipment Yangtze River Valley

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The Characteristics and Research Direction of Environmental Impact Assessment for hydropower Cascade Planning

The Characteristics and Research Direction of Environmental ...

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联合国水电与可持续发展研讨会

作者： Kaiqing Chen Dongsheng Wang Lanfang Liu Zhenhai Li: China Institute of Water Resources & hydropower Research

The paper gave a comprehensive introduction to the characteristics of Environmental Impact Assessment （EIA） for the cascade management and development of hydropower. The impacts of cascade layout to environment as well as to the composition of resources were carefully analyzed. The authors also proposed the general research direction of EIA for hydropower cascade plan and the research guidelines of the construction of ecological-friendly dam and ecological criteria of dam operation.

关键词： Cascade planning hydropower development EIA

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国际河流水电合作开发投资—效益分配模式及特征

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生态环境与保护 2015年第2期 1807-1816页

作者：冯彦何大明

水与能源安全是全球可持续发展最为核心的问题，其在国际河流区尤为复杂和敏感。中国作为亚洲乃至全球最为重要的上游国，国际河流水资源变化、水电开发影响及跨境水安全维护等，虽受关注，但研究基础较为薄弱。判识出1937-2010年全球... 详细信息

水与能源安全是全球可持续发展最为核心的问题，其在国际河流区尤为复杂和敏感。中国作为亚洲乃至全球最为重要的上游国，国际河流水资源变化、水电开发影响及跨境水安全维护等，虽受关注，但研究基础较为薄弱。判识出1937-2010年全球国际河流水电合作开发的32个案例，综合分析其开发方式，揭示其投资—效益分配模式与特征。结果表明：①水电合作开发以河段和双边合作开发为主，缺乏流域层面的合作，形成了投资—效益等比分配、平均分配和差异分配三种模式。②跨境型河流水电合作的投资—效益分配以等比分配为主，上游国通过向下游国提供发电用水分享其发电效益，下游国则通过补偿上游国的方式推动合作；界河(含界河段)的水电合作开发以平均分配为主。③不同发展时期的分配模式差异较明显：1950年代前以平均分配和等比分配为主；1950-1980年代以平均分配为主；1990年代以后，因案例太少，主要分配模式难以确定。④经济发展水平相当的合作国家间主要采用平均分配模式；经济发展水平存在差异的国家间则兼顾采用等比分配和差异分配模式，并实施了更多的补偿措施。

关键词：国际河流水电开发国际合作投资—效益分配 international rivers hydropower development international cooperation cost-benefit apportionment

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